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Creo Parametric Milling - Jouni Ahola PDF
Creo Parametric Milling - Jouni Ahola PDF
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2
Creo Parametric Milling
Jouni Ahola
ISBN 978-952-7074-31-2
February 2015
www.klaava.com
book@klaava.com
All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced in any form, in whole
or in
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Table of contents
3
1.3 INTRODUCTION TO MILLING MANUFACTURING
................................................................................................ 7
1.4 STARTING
.................................................................................................................................................
9
1.5.1
MANUFACTURING CONFIGURATIONS
..........................................................................................................12
1.8.1
1.8.2
MODEL PROPERTIES
.....................................................................................................................................36
1.9.1
4
CUTTING SPEED FORMULAS
.........................................................................................................................43
1.9.2
1.9.3
SURFACE ROUGHNESS
.................................................................................................................................46
1.10
2.2 REFERENCE
MODEL.................................................................................................................................
2.3 WORKPIECE
MODEL.................................................................................................................................
2.4.1
5
2.4.2
CREATING WORKCELL
..................................................................................................................................62
2.5 MANUFACTURING
OPERATIONS......................................................................................................................
2.5.1
2.5.2
CREATING OPERATIONS
...............................................................................................................................68
2.6 FIXTURES
.................................................................................................................................................
2.7.1
2.7.2
2.7.3
6
2.7.4
SOLID MILLING
TOOLS..................................................................................................................................8
2.7.5
2.7.6
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2.8.1
2.8.2
END MILL
.................................................................................................................................................
2.8.3
SPOT DRILL
.................................................................................................................................................
2.8.4
7
DRILLING TOOL
............................................................................................................................................92
2.8.5
TAPPING TOOL
.............................................................................................................................................93
2.8.6
CHAMFER TOOL
...........................................................................................................................................93
2.10
2.10.1
2.10.2
MILLING NC
SEQUENCES........................................................................................................................
101
8
102
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
CUTTER COMPENSATION
...........................................................................................................................
124
3.2.3.1
9
CUTTER COMPENSATION IN CREO
......................................................................................................... 125
3.3.1
3.5 HOLEMAKING
.................................................................................................................................................
148
3.5.1
BASIC DRILLING
..........................................................................................................................................
150
3.5.2
3.5.3
3.5.4
10
TAPPING CYCLE
..........................................................................................................................................
157
3.6.1
3.7 OPERATION 2.
................................................................................................................................................
169
3.10
3.11
3.12
TOOLPATH SIMULATION
............................................................................................................................
184
11
3.12.1
PLAY PATH
.............................................................................................................................................
185
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3.12.2
3.12.3
MACHINE PLAY
......................................................................................................................................
187
3.13
3.13.1
VERICUT SIMULATION
...........................................................................................................................
190
3.13.2
3.13.3
12
MACHINE PLAY
SIMULATION.................................................................................................................
198
POSTPROCESSING
...................................................................................................................................
202
4.2 CL DATA
.................................................................................................................................................
205
4.3.1
4.3.2
5.1 NC OR CNC
.................................................................................................................................................
214
13
5.2 STRUCTURE OF AN NC
PROGRAM...................................................................................................................
215
5.3.1
3 AXIS MACHINING
....................................................................................................................................
223
6.2.1
14
6.2.2
APPENDIX
.................................................................................................................................................
238
INDEX
.................................................................................................................................................
244
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1.1
This book
know the basis of the Creo Parametric and modeling you can use this book
easily.
If you are using the software first time, and want to go straight to the CAM
module,
15
you can download the needed 3D models and tools:
· The downloaded models are in the native Creo Parametric 2-format (.prt),
· Also the models are available in the STEP-format. In the chapter 1.7 are in-
understand the complete manufacturing process and the steps involved in this
pro-
facturing models.
Or inquire: gold-cam@dlc.fi
1.2
16
Chapters and Tasks
This book consists of several chapters each dealing with a primary theme of
Creo
Parametric and are meant to be used alongside the running Creo Parametric.
You will learn the material best if you take time along the way to read the
text care-
fully and think about what you are doing and observing what happens.
Usually, first is the theory and then is the Task. Tasks are marked as chapter
num-
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18
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1.3
20
Introduction to Milling Manufacturing
The milling manufacturing process can be divided into different main-level
steps;
1. Manufacturing Template
2. Reference Model
3. Workpiece
5. Fixture
7. Simulation
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ing model includes default datum planes and a default coordinate system.
21
and
edges are selected from the reference model and are used as references when
cre-
ating NC steps. The reference model can be also imported from the other
CAD-
5. Fixtures are parts or assemblies that can be used to hold the component
being
machined. For example, you can create chuck assemblies and use them as
fix-
tures.
22
The
· Cut motions, that is, tool motions while actually cutting the workpiece
material
7. Toolpaths and machine simulations are one of the most important stages
in the
step, or multiple steps. You can also display tool path and machine
simulation to-
and simulation have been completed, you can create ASCII format cutter
location
(CL) data files for operations or selected NC steps. This CL data file will then
codes.
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1.4
Starting
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25
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1.5
You can access the Creo Parametric Options dialog box by clicking File -
Options.
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Configuration Editor – Location for the config.pro editor.
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Default settings:
Save settings:
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There are a few useful configurations for manufacturing, for example you
can de-
fine where cutting tools and NC machines locates. Before that you need to
create
folders and put your solid tools and machine assemblies and so on to them.
For ex-
ample:
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Select Browse and give the full path to the folder where are NC Machine
assem-
blies:
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OK.
Add/Change.
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34
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Give the path to the installation folder where the original config.pro locates
(if you
Next time you can find and change options easily if needed.
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1.6
ers of the company has the same way to start the work. The model contains
the same
· Parameters
· Layers
· Units
Manufacturing template:
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39
40
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When you start the new model and give the name and clear Use default
template
box, you get the New File Options window. Here you can select or browse
template.
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Note! Sometimes may happen, that you can´t open templates or there is no
template
what you need. You can create customized templates that can be used to
create new
Start new:
Select Empty.
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If the you can´t see the plane names in the model tree, select settings and
Tree
Filters:
coordinate system.
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46
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Select planes in order. Select Orientation page. You can change the
orientation if
needed.
Your coordinate system is shown in to the same direction as the spin center.
Red
means X-axis, Green means Y-axis and blue is the Z-axis. (RGB).
Below is the picture of the 3-axis milling machine. Now the coordinate
system of the
(VMC), Z-axis is the tool axis pointing up and X-axis is to the right and Y-
axis
pointing forward.
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The other useful way is Creating view orientations. Click Reorient from
the bot-
tom of the Named Views drop-down list in the In Graphics toolbar. Select
the
(Top). Expand the Saved Views menu and give the name: NC_FRONT >
Save. OK.
You can make as many views as you want. Save the template.
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Select new:
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Close Model Properties window. Save the template.
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Using layers in the manufacturing assembly. Similar to parts, you can hide
non-
Unlike parts, you can add components to layers in an assembly. If you add
com-
ponents to a layer and then hide layer, the component geometry hides.
Select Layers:
Give the name and Layer id. Select planes from the template:
Planes are hided from the template and you can see the name of the layer
dimmed.
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Click Layers again and you can see the model tree. Planes are hided. Make
new lay-
er for Coordinate systems. Give the name and Id and select coordinate
system:
If you hide or unhide layers, you need to Save Status. (Right lick)
Now, unhide both layers and Save Status. Save the template.
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model template or created by a user in his own part or assembly. Parameters
enable
you to add important additional information into part and assembly models.
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Click plus button and give the parameters. You can select: Integer, Real
Number,
OK. Save the template. Now the template is ready enough for testing. When
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you are
going to make a new manufacturing assembly, you can browse your own
template:
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1.7
Working directory
65
ü Icon - Select Working Directory:
ü From the Folder Tree or Web browser- Right click the folder and select: Set
Working Directory.
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1.8
extension is . STP
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your
working directory. In the Ribbon, click Open. Select Type: STEP and select
camshaft_plate.stp
From Import New Model window: Use Part as Type, Check Use Templates
– Select Details – Select Options - Select Template (here: mmns_part_solid).
Ok. - Ok.- Ok.
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Model opens:
The Datum Planes comes from the template. The datum planes are in relation
to the
to know how to make planes, axis and coordinate systems. You can also see
the
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datum plane and axis names. In the Ribbon – View – Show or hide tags.
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ences, and assembly references. The default color of datum features in the
graphics
window is brown (datum planes are both brown and gray, depending upon
which
side is currently being viewed). The following four types of datum features
can be
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created:
· Datum Planes
· Datum Axes
· Datum Points
Datum axes are individual features that can be redefined, suppressed, hidden,
or
as a reference for:
· Assembling components
Enable only the Datum Axis Display type. In the Ribbon - Select Model –
Axis:
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Select the hole surface as above. OK.
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Create axis for all holes. You can preselect the hole surface and then select
the Axis
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Tool.
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Select the RIGHT Datum Plane and press CTRL and select the TOP Plane
and the
Select the Orientation tab. Click Flip to project Y. Select the Properties tab
and edit
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Do the same procedure to the top side of the model and name the coordinate
system
as PLATE_TOP_NC.
Save the model and close the window. Return to the manufacturing assembly.
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You can establish a system of units and a density value for the specific
material type
used in your models. You can then create various types of analyses, such as
measur-
ing distances, angles, and surface areas. You can also calculate mass
properties and
ing data from a model or determining whether the model meets the required
design
intent.
80
mmns_part_solid.prt,
there are some information already. You can change the properties whenever
you
want.
Click File > Prepare > Model Properties to open the Model Properties
dialog box.
Select material from the list and move it to the Materials in Model window.
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Select the material and make Copy. Select the copied material and click
Properties:
You can give the new name for the material and Description and change the
units to
kg/m3:
When changing units, you have to select Convert or Interpret values. Convert
means
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The new material is in the Materials in Model window and the original
remain on
the list. Select the new material, then Right click and Assign. OK.
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In the Materials section, click info in the Mass Properties row. Now the Mass
unit is
tonne. If you want for example grams, you can create a new set of units.
In the Materials section, click change in the Units row. In the Units Manager
dialog
88
box, select New and edit drop-down menus as below and OK.
Select the new units system and SET. Select Convert dimensions > OK >
Close the
Unit Manager.
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Now the model has new material and unit system. Click Close.
You can view a model's mass properties within the Materials section of the
Model
You can also calculate the mass properties by selecting the Analysis tab from
the
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ribbon and clicking Mass Properties from the Model Report group.
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1.9
Cutting parameters
You should know the Basics about Metal Cutting Parameters before creating
toolpaths.
or difficult it is to cut. The material’s hardness is one factor that has a strong
3. Cutting speed: Cutting speed is the relative speed at which the tool passes
through the work material and removes metal. It is normally expressed in me-
ters per minute (or feet per inch in British units). It has to do with the speed
of rotation of the workpiece or the tool, as the case may be. The higher the
cutting speed, the better the productivity. For every work material and tool
material combo, there is always an ideal cutting speed available, and the tool
91
manufacturers generally give the guidelines for it.
It is derived based on the cutting speed and the work diameter cut (in case of
turning/ boring) or tool diameter (in case of drilling/ milling etc). If V is the
cutting speed and D is the diameter of cutting, then Spindle speed N = V /(Pi
x D)
5. Depth of cut: It indicates how much the tool digs into the component (in
6. Feed rate: The relative speed at which the tool is linearly traversed over
the
workpiece to remove the material. In case of rotating tools with multiple cut-
ting teeth (like a milling cutter), the feed rate is first reckoned in terms of
In case of lathe operations, it is feed per revolution that states how much a
revolution is nothing but feed per tooth multiplied by the number of teeth in
the cutter.
To actually calculate the time taken for cutting a job, it is “feed per minute”
(in mm/min) that is useful. Feed per minute is nothing but feed per revolution
92
multiplied by RPM of the spindle.
7. Tool geometry: For the tool to effectively dig into the component to
remove
material most efficiently without rubbing, the cutting tool tip is normally
ground to different angles (known as rake angle, clearance angles, relief an-
gle, approach angle, etc). The role played by these angles in a tool geometry
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8. Coolant: To take away the heat produced in cutting and also to act as a
lubri-
cant in cutting to reduce tool wear, coolants are used in metal-cutting. Cool-
ants can range from cutting oils, water-soluble oils, oil-water spray, and so
on.
should be available to provide the drives to the spindles and also to provide
feed movement to the tool to remove the material. The power required for
cutting is based on the metal removal rate – the rate of metal removed in a
given time, generally expressed in cubic centimeters per minute, which de-
pends on work material, tool material, the cutting speed, depth of cut, and
feed rate.
93
10. Rigidity of machine: The rigidity of the machine is based on the design
and
construction of the machine, the age and extent of usage of the machine, the
types of bearings used, the type of construction of slide ways, and the type of
drive provided to the slides. All play a role in the machining of components
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dle. Cutting speeds are usually given in feet or meters per minute and these
speeds
94
chine. Conversion is accomplished by use of the following formulas:
in feet per minute (fpm) for U.S. units and meters per minute (m/min) for
metric
and other operations that use a rotating tool, D is the cutter diameter in inches
for
Example: The cutting speed for turning a 4-inch (102-mm) diameter bar has
been
found to be 575 fpm (175.3 m/min). Using both the inch and metric formulas,
calcu-
When the cutting tool or workpiece diameter and the spindle speed in rpm are
Feed (F): In the CNC Lathe work the feedrate is not measured in terms of
time but,
as the actual distance the tool travels in one spindle revolution (rotation).
Two
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· Inches per revolution
in/rev (IPR)
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Vf = fz * z * n (mm/min)
fz = feed / tooth
z = number of teeth
For example:
Vf = 0.1 * 5 * 572
= 286 mm/min
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The surface quality of the machined parts is one of the most important
product quali-
The perfect surface quality in turning would not be achieved even in the
absence of
fects. There are various parameters used to evaluate the surface roughness. In
the
face roughness.
· Cutting speed
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· Feed rate
· Depth of cut
· Nose Radius
Surface roughness is decreasing with decreasing of the feed rate. High nose
radius
produce better surface finish than small nose radius because of the maximum
uncut
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ers choose to make the camshaft from steel billet. In this case the material of
the
99
sup-
plied in the hardened and tempered condition, which offers high wear
resistance to-
triding, which can give a hard wear resistant core in the range of 61-65Rc.
The rela-
Yield Stress Re
= 650 N/mm²
Hardness HB
= 248/302
Cutting speed (V) for High Speed Steel (HSS) tools is 60 foot per minute
(ft/min) =
18m/min.
Cutting speed (V) for Carbide tools is 300 foot per minute (ft/min) =
90m/min.
100
rameters.
For example: The diameter of the face milling tool is 50mm and when using
carbide
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2.1
· Operation information
· Workcells
· Reference models
· Workpiece models
· Fixtures
· NC Machines
· NC Sequence information
If you check out the Use default template, you can select or browse the
Template
103
tial manufacturing model configuration. You can also make user-defined
template
The new manufacturing model is created by using template. You can see
three de-
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2.2
105
Reference model
model represents the final machined component. Surfaces and edges and the
other
features are selected from the reference model and are used as references
when creat-
ing NC sequences.
Click New in the main toolbar. Select the Manufacturing and NC Assembly
op-
tions. Type CAMSHAFT_PLATE_NC in the Name text box. Clear the Use
default
OK.
Observe the new manufacturing model is created with three datum planes and
a co-
ordinate system. Toggle all display filters on and show datum plane tags:
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107
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Click Assemble Reference Model from the Components group. Select cam-
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Enable only the following Datum Display type: Csys Display. Select
coordinate sys-
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2.3
Workpiece Model
They are optional components, but if used, you can simulate the material
removing
110
when creating and running NC Sequences. There are different methods how
to create
tangular or round workpiece. You can also create workpieces using the
Inherited
Features option. As well you can select the model as workpiece. Workpieces
can be
· After creating each toolpath, you can update the workpiece to display an as-
boundaries.
the workpiece and the reference model geometry. In addition, when the dis-
This enables you to view the reference model geometry which would normal-
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112
You can assemble or create a workpiece in a manufacturing model. A number
of op-
ables you to easily control the size and position of the workpiece relative to
· Assemble a workpiece using the Same Model option – This enables you to
· Assemble a workpiece with features inherited from a selected part. The new
workpiece inherits geometry and feature information from the selected part.
At any time, you can specify the geometry and the feature data that you want
provides greater freedom to modify the workpiece without changing the orig-
inal part.
case, a new workpiece part is created. The new workpiece contains an exter-
nal merge feature, and this feature contains all geometry and datum features
which have been copied from the originally selected part. All layer infor-
113
· Create a manual workpiece – This enables you to create a new workpiece
in
quired.
The first picture below is a reference model. The second picture is the
workpiece. In
the third picture is an assembly of the reference model and part model.
114
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Click Automatic Workpiece from the Workpiece drop-down menu from the
Compo-
nents group.
In the dashboard, select the Placement tab. You change the default coordinate
system
if needed. > In the dashboard, select the Options tab. At first you can see the
Overall
Type 2 in the +X text box, type 2 in the –X text box, type 2 in the +Y text
box, type 2 in the –Y text box. Type 4 in the +Z text box, and press ENTER.
116
ture in the dashboard.
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2.4
Configuring Workcell
example, mill, lathe, or mill/turn. You must specify a workcell before you
can create
NC sequences.
118
capabilities of
Workcell Configuration:
· Name
or Wire EDM
· Number of Axes
· Post-Processor
· Probing Option
- Parameters
- Properties
- CL Command Output
- Milling Capability
- Cutter Compensation
· Tools Tab
· Travel Tab
119
· Cycles Tab
· Assembly Tab
Workcell Configuration
You configure a workcell within the Machine Tool Setup dialog box. You
can speci-
must specify the workcell name and the workcell type. This can be Mill,
Lathe,
Mill/Turn, or Wire EDM. The number of axes you can specify is dependent
on the
workcell type.
You can also specify a number of other items including the controller name.
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The Setup: Work Center dialog box has a number of tabs that enable you to
config-
120
ure different optional elements of a machine tool.
- Cutter location (CL) Command Output Options – You can specify how
- Multiple Axis Output Options – These options are only accessible for a
mill type machine tool when you set the number of axes to 4 axis.
ü Use Rotation – When you select this option, the system outputs
ü Rotation Output Mode – Only available when you select Use Ro-
tion. Enables you to specify the direction of rotation. You can al-
- Cutter Compensation – When you expand this field, the following output
121
ü Tool Center – Cutter location (CL) data is output with respect to
ü Tool Edge – Cutter location (CL) data is output with respect to the
· Parameters Tab – Specifies the maximum spindle speed, and the spindle
horsepower. As well as the rapid feed rate units and the rapid feed rate.
· Tools Tab – Specifies the time needed to change a tool, in seconds. You can
also access the Tool Setup dialog box to configure tools associated with the
machine tool.
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· Travel Tab – Specifies the travel limits and the stroke for the machine tool
along the X-, Y-, and Z-axes. Note, values for the travel limits along the axes
should be the actual dimensions that indicate the extent of the machine tool
122
workspace relative to the Program Zero coordinate system. If you output CL
data that exceeds the defined limits, an information window appears, listing
the values of the limits that have been exceeded and their corresponding val-
ues.
· Properties Tab – Enables you to specify the location of the machine, and
type
Cutter Location (CL) Command Output Options – You can specify how the
FROM,
– Cutter Compensation – When you expand this field, the following output
cutter
· Tool Edge – CL data is output with respect to the cutting edge of the tool.
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Tools tab:
Tool Change Time > Specifies the time needed to change a tool, in seconds.
Parameters tab specifies the maximum spindle speed, and the spindle
horsepower
and the rapid feed rate units and the rapid feed rate.
ble for this model. This table contains all the items that can be output through
default flag value for all items is No. Change it to Yes if you want the item to
be
output. You can add an optional comment to be output along with the item.
(More in
tion on the machine tool. You need to give full path to the location in
config.pro.
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Travel tab specifies the travel limits and the stroke for the machine tool
along the X-
, Y-, and Z-axes. Note, values for the travel limits along the axes should be
the actual
dimensions that indicate the extent of the machine tool workspace relative to
the
Program Zero coordinate system. If you output CL data that exceeds the
128
defined lim-
its, an information window appears, listing the values of the limits that have
been ex-
Properties tab enables you to specify the location of the machine, and type
com-
129
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Within Creo Parametric you can simulate the CNC machine running the
various NC
sequences you created. The mill machine assembly is selected within the
Assembly
tab of the Mill Work Center dialog box. This machine assembly can be edited
to rep-
131
resent your CNC machine. You must specify a reference coordinate system
for the
same location as the machine zero coordinate system for the operation.
Once the machine has been properly defined, the simulation of the operation
with the
machine can be reviewed. The system displays the machine tool simulation in
a new
window. You can then use typical play commands from the Animate dialog
box.
Some commands include controlling the speed of the simulation, stopping the
simu-
plays you can zoom and rotate the machine to any desired view. When you
close the
machine tool simulation display, the system returns you to the manufacturing
model.
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· Entire Operation.
· Individual NC Sequences.
You can select machine assembly files from the following locations:
pro_mf_workcell_dir.
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136
In the ribbon, select the Manufacturing tab. In the Machine Tool Setup
group, click
Click Accept in the Milling Work Center dialog box. Select the Work Center
drop-
down menu from the Machine Tool Setup group > Click Save Work Center.
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2.5
Manufacturing Operations
This specifies the program zero position in X, Y, and Z on the machine tool.
137
· Retract plane – Also referred to as the retract surface. This specifies the
· Fixtures – Are parts or assemblies that can be used to hold the component
being machined. For example, you can create vise assemblies and use them
as fixtures.
When these items have been specified, you can create NC sequences to
machine
the machine tool and the machine zero position. You cannot create NC
sequences un-
til you configure the manufacturing operation and configure a machine tool.
tract Plane. The machine coordinate system, often referred to as the machine
zero position, acts as the origin position for CL data output.
· The machine coordinate system specifies the direction of the X-, Y-, and Z-
- When configuring the machine coordinate system, you can reference ex-
138
isting datum features in the manufacturing model, or you can reference
The retract plane (or surface) specifies the level to which the tool retracts to
between
cutting motions.
· You can specify the retract plane at the operation level, and then modify its
· Note, depending on your requirements, you can specify the retract position
to
· By default, the retract plane is configured along the Z-axis of the machine
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Coordinate Systems:
The way of orienting the axes is following the left hand rule, placing the left
hand on
the plane with the thumb pointing up. When pointing the thumb away from
the origin
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the machine coordinate system. You need two coordinate systems, for the top
and
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Select the RIGHT Datum Plane and press CTRL and select the TOP Plane
and the
Select the Orientation tab. Click Flip to project Y. Select the Properties tab
and edit
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Do the same procedure to the top side of the model and name the coordinate
system
as PLATE_TOP_NC.
Save the model and close the window. Return to the manufacturing assembly.
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OPERATION 1:
Click Operation from the Process group. Select datum coordinate system
Select the Clearance tab. Change Type to Plane from the drop-down menu.
Select
Select the Options tab. Select EN40B from the drop down menu or Create
new if it
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149
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Select the Fixture Setup tab and select Add a fixture component.
Browse to the folder where the fixture locates and select: nc-vice-300.asm >
Open.
Now you should think the order of the machining, in this case, the flat surface
side of
the part will be machined first. Create the first assembly constraint. Select
surfaces
as shown above.
Flip constraint if needed, select Coincident constraint, right click > Flip
Constraint.
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152
Create the third assembly constraint. In the dashboard, select the Placement
tab >
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Select the Properties tab and edit the name of the operation:
PLATE_BOTTOM and
press ENTER.
Click Complete Operation. Now the first Operation is defined. You need to
define
the same procedure for the top side of the manufacturing model.
154
OPERATION 2:
Click Operation from the Process group. Rotate the model. Select datum
coordinate
Select the Clearance tab. Change Type to Plane from the drop-down menu.
Select
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Select the Options tab. Select EN40B from the drop down menu.
Select the Fixture Setup tab and select Add a fixture component.
Browse to the folder where the fixture locates and select: nc-vice-300.asm >
Open.
Now you need to remember, that the working allowance (2mm) is machined
in the
156
first Operation and fixing. Create the first assembly constraint. Select
surfaces as
shown below left. Create the second assembly constraint as shown below
right.
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Select the Properties tab and edit the name of the operation: PLATE_TOP
and press
ENTER.
Task 2.5.2 is ready. Save your work. Now it is recommended that you use
Save a
158
Backup-function. It saves all objects to the current working directory. Do not
give a
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2.6
161
Fixtures
Fixtures are parts or assemblies that can be used to hold the component being
ma-
chined. For example, you can create vice assemblies and use them as fixtures.
Fix-
tures are assembled into manufacturing models, and they can be easily
activated and
In this case you need two fixing to the vice, because the model has top and
bottom
side to machine.
You can adjust the vice by selecting the component from the vice and Edit
defini-
Select the moving component from the vice, right click and edit definition.
Select
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2.7
Cutting Tools
Tools are an essential step in the manufacturing process. You must configure
a tool
for each NC sequence you create. You can create tools when the workcell is
created
or you can configure them as needed for each NC Sequence. Once you
configure a
There are three different tool types: standard, solid, and sketched. Each type
of tool
understand the differences between each type of tool and when you should
use them.
Tool Types
· Standard
163
· Solid
· Sketched
Tool Types
You can configure tools when creating workcells or you can configure them
as need-
ed when creating NC sequences. Once you configure a tool, you can store the
infor-
mation and use it again. There are three different milling tool types: standard,
solid,
and sketched. Each type of tool is created in a different way and is designed
for a
specific purpose.
· Standard tools – You can use standard tools when no special tool
representa-
tion is required. These tools are configured within the Tool Setup dialog box.
· Solid tools – You can use solid tools when you need to enhance the tool dis-
play and check for interference between the tool and workpiece when review-
ing toolpaths.
164
· Sketched tools – You typically use sketched tools when a non-standard tool
shape or an alternative tool control point is required, for example, during tra-
jectory milling. You can, for example, create a sketched tool for machining
slots.
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For standard milling tools, the tool tip position is defined along the centerline
of the
tool, and at the lowest point of the tool geometry (see examples).
You can use this tool tip position for calculating the tool position in X-, Y-,
and Z-
166
Creo Parametric calculates the resulting tool position based on the model
geometry
being machined, the tool geometry, and any manufacturing parameters that
may af-
fect the resulting tool tip position (for example, stock allowances).
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specify the correct tool parameters to obtain the desired tool configuration.
Standard Tools
168
· Available tool type control parameters:
- Milling or drilling
- Length
- Cutter_Diam
Standard Tools
· You create standard tools by configuring tool parameters within the Tool
· The type of tool, for example milling or drilling, determines the tool cross-
· The tool parameter values control the tool shape, for example:
- Length
- Cutter_Diam
· Note, when playing a toolpath, the tool is displayed based on the parameter
values.
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Configuring Tools
169
· Tool Setup Dialog Box
· General Tab
- Tool Name
- Tool Type
· Settings Tab
- Tool Number
- Offset Number
· Tool Tables
· Saving Tools
· Tool Libraries
You can create, delete, or edit tools using the Tool Setup dialog box. A
number of
tabs are available within the dialog box that enables you to configure
different types
of tool information.
· General – In the general tab, a graphic image of the tool appears during con-
170
figuration. You can configure the tool name and tool type. Many different
standard tool types are available for selection. The selected tool type deter-
- When the tool type has been specified, you can then configure the tool
- When configuring the tool geometry, you can also configure tool holder
holder when you review a toolpath. Tool holder dimensions are also used
machining NC sequences.
· Settings – You can specify a number of items relating to the tool table, in-
cluding:
- Offset Number – This corresponds to the offset field in a tool table, which
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· Tool Tables – Provide you with tool information which appears in the Tool
- You can use tool tables to pass tool loading information into CL data
files. For example, you can output LOADTL and OSETNO commands
- When you create or retrieve tools in a workcell, the tool_id (tool name) is
checked and if the tool does not already exist in the tool table then it is
- As tools are added to the tool table, the tool position (tool number) auto-
matically increments by one with respect to the last tool in the table. You
can manually edit the tool number to change its position in the tool table,
if required.
Saving Tools
· You can save tool parameter information as files and reuse the tools in
differ-
· Note old format tool parameter files are also recognized. These are:
172
- .tprm for pre-Pro/ENGINEER release 12.
· You can create your own tool library, where all the tool parameter files are
stored.
- This enables you to access a standard set of tools for retrieval into manu-
173
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You can use standard tools when no special tool representation is required or
Solid
Tools are not available. These tools are configured within the Tool Setup
dialog box.
Click Cutting Tools from the Machine Tool Setup group, to open the Tool
175
Setup di-
alog box.
Create the Face Mill tool (you have to define End Mill type of tool for the
face mill-
ing). Click File > New in the Tool Setup dialog box. Select END MILL from
the
box. Type 5 in the Number of Flutes text box. Edit the geometry parameters,
as
shown above. Click the Apply button. Notice the tool is added to the tool
table.
Select the Settings tab. Notice that the tool number is already configured
automati-
cally as 1. Type 1 in the Offset Number text box. Click the Apply button to
update
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In the Tool Setup dialog box, click Save Tool to save the tool. A file named
tur-
Click Close to close the tool display window. Click OK. To close Tools
Setup.
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You can create cutting data for tools, enabling you to configure optimum feed
rates,
spindle speeds, and depth-of-cut. This data can then be passed into NC
sequences.
The cutting data is based on the material that you are machining, the specific
tool
you are using, and the application, which can be either roughing or finishing.
178
Creating and Storing Cutting Data
You can create cutting data by specifying different stock materials for
machining,
and by specifying feed, speed, and depth of cut data for each tool. Within
each tool
file, you need to specify different cutting data for each different stock
material.
You need to create two sets of data: an .xml file listing the workpiece
materials and a
series of .xml files – one for each different tool you want to use.
als within this file. You can create this file from the Operation Setup dialog
box. You can then manually add more materials to the file, as required.
· Tool_name.xml – You configure feed, speed, and depth of cut data within
these files. You can specify cut data for more than one workpiece material.
You can configure the cut data information using the Tool Setup dialog box,
and save the cut data when you save the tool.
· You can pass the feed, speed, and depth of cut data into manufacturing pa-
ods:
- You can manually transfer parameter values using the Copy from Tool
179
option when configuring parameters in the parameter tree.
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Task 2.7.3: Create cutting data for the tool. Edit the previously created tool.
Click Cutting Tools to open the Tools Setup dialog box. Select the Cut Data
tab.
You can change the Speed value m/min ( Surface Speed) or rev/min (
Spindle rpm) These values are corresponding with:
Type 90 in the Speed text box (m/min). Type 0.1 in the Feed text box
(mm/tooth).
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Click the Apply button. Click Yes to save the changes to the tool.
In the Tool Setup dialog box, click Save Tool to save the tool.
182
183
184
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You can create solid model tools as assemblies or parts. When playing
toolpaths, you
can view these solid tools. You can also use the solid tools to interactively
check for
interference between the tool and the component being machined. When you
use sol-
id model tools, you have the option to display the default section or the solid
model
186
tool.
You need to complete the following steps to use solid models as tools when
creating
NC sequences.
· Create a coordinate system in the model, and name it TIP. For milling and
holemaking tools, the Z-axis of the coordinate system must point to the tool.
This
coordinate system represents the tool tip (often referred to as the control
point).
This point specifies the X-, Y-, and Z-positions for the tool in NC sequences.
· Associate solid model dimensions with tool parameters. You can do this by
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You can use solid model tools in NC sequences by retrieving them in the
Tool Setup
· During the tool configuration process, you have two options when
retrieving
- By Reference – You can directly associate the solid model with the tool
configuration. You cannot directly modify the tool parameters using this
option. However, if you modify the stored solid model, then all the manu-
- By Copy – You can copy the tool information into the manufacturing
model. You can directly modify the tool parameters in the Tool Setup dia-
log box. Any changes to the stored solid model do not affect the manufac-
turing model.
· Ptc.com
188
· STEP, SAT, etc.
189
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You have to create a coordinate system in the model, and name it TIP. For
milling and holemaking tools, the Z-axis of the coordinate system must point
to the tool. This coordinate system represents the tool tip (often referred to as
the control point). This point specifies the X-, Y-, and Z-positions for the tool
in NC sequences.
191
and the tool.
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tool model, the system will search the assembly first, and then all the
component
parts in the same order as they were assembled (that is, the first component
will be
searched first), for the tool parameters and origin data. Once a parameter is
set, all
values for the same parameter found later will be ignored. In other words, the
top-
192
after
If, after all components are searched, some of the tool parameters are
missing, an er-
ror message will appear and you will be asked to select another tool.
If you are using your own made tool or PTC standard solid tools, you can
find pa-
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2.8
The camshaft Plate part needs different type of tools for bottom- and topside
.There
are numerous types of tools available for both. It is not so easy to find out
which are
the best ones. There are also numerous suppliers as well as different type of
ma-
chines and holders for them. You can ask from suppliers to help you and ask
if there
The 3D-model Tools what are used in this book can be found from the
author’s
website.
194
195
196
197
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The face milling tool is 20mm diameter end mill or 50mm diameter Face
mill with 5
inserts.
199
200
201
202
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The End Mills are 20mm diameter end mill and 8mm diameter end mill.
Standard Tools:
204
205
206
207
208
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Solid tool
210
211
212
213
214
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2.9
Tool library
You can configure a tool library where all tool data is stored. This enables
quick and
You can create a tool library where all tool parameter files are stored. You
can divide
the library into folders for different types of tools, for example, milling tools,
drills,
· You can specify the location of a tool library using the configuration option
pro_mf_tprm_dir pathname.
218
Click File > Options. Select Configuration Editor.
Click Find…
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219
Type: pro_mf and click Find Now:
You can see all the options starting pro_mf. Select pro_mf_tprm_dir.
Click Browse.
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Click OK. Select Yes to Save the configuration file. The default folder is
active
working directory.
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If possible (writing rights), try save the config.pro to the installation directory
and to
So you can copy all the tool files to your working directory, but this is not
222
recommended, because the libraries are better places for the tools and fixtures
and
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· Define - Specify the tool, parameters, and geometric references. You can
also
· Preview - Display the tool path for the NC sequence prior to completion of
223
tion.
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224
Manufacturing parameters enable you to control how an NC sequence is
generated.
You can specify and edit parameter values as needed. You can configure and
store
can retrieve these files, enabling you to quickly and easily set suitable
parameter val-
manufacturing parameters!
· Some parameters such as feed rate and spindle speed are present in all NC
sequence types.
225
create
Edit Parameters dialog box, then it is a required parameter. You must specify
a value
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rameter. –You can leave this type of parameter unchanged if required. For
example,
APPROACH_FEED = -.
226
– You can change these parameters to other specific values if desired. You
can select
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· Local Milling - Used to remove material left after a Volume, Profile, Con-
227
with a smaller tool). Can also be used to clean up material in specified cor-
ners.
· Finishing - Used to machine the detail of the reference part after Roughing
and Reroughing.
walls of the pocket will be milled as with Profiling, the bottom—as the bot-
jectory.
228
· Engraving - 3- to 5-Axis milling, with the tool moving along a Groove cos-
· Auto Drilling - Auto drill selected holes using the selected coordinate
system
or retract plane.
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3.1
229
Face Milling
A Face Milling sequence enables you to face down the workpiece with a flat
or radi-
us end mill tool. This enables you to configure the top surface of the job and
a refer-
ence surface for other NC sequences. When creating face milling sequences,
it is im-
portant that you use the correct manufacturing parameters to ensure that the
toolpath
is efficiently generated. You can also create mill surfaces and use them as
alternate
references when model surfaces are inappropriate, for instance, when you
need to
· All inner contours in the configured reference geometry (holes, slots) are
au-
· If you have a workpiece in the manufacturing model, then you can remove
the machined volume from the workpiece by creating a material removal fea-
Task 3.1: Create a Face Milling NC sequence and edit parameter values.
230
Click Face from the Milling group. Select the drop-down arrow next to the
box
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Now you can create the standard tool or select the Solid Tool from the
specified
Select the Cut Data tab. Notice EN40B is selected from the Stock Material
drop-down list.
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Now, if you are using High Speed Steel (HSS), the Cutting speed (V) for
High Speed Steel (HSS) tools is 60 foot per minute (ft/min) = 18m/min.
Type 18 (m/min) in the Speed text box and type 0.2 (mm/tooth) in the Feed
text
box.
These values are equivalent for the Speed 286 (rev/min) and for the Feed
114.59
235
(mm/min). You can round the feed as 120 mm/min.
Click the Apply button. Click Yes to save the changes to the tool. In the Tool
Setup dialog box, click Save to save the updated tool information. OK.
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Note, the saved end_long_sk40_d20.xml file now contains feed and speed
in-
Select the Reference tab. Click in the Machining References box. Select the
top
color in the Edit Parameters dialog box until they have been configured.
238
Edit CUT_FEED to 120.
Edit STEP_DEPTH to 2.
Edit CLEAR_DIST to 5.
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Review the resulting toolpath. Click Display Toolpath > Click Play
Notice that the toolpath follows the outline of the selected model surface.
You
can change this by changing parameters. Click Close in the Play Path dialog
240
box
when finished.
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For example the previous Face Milling NC Sequence is not good enough
with
The tool approach straight over the workpiece and the toolpath is not good
either.
Select the Face Milling 1 NC Sequence from the model tree and Edit Defini-
tion. Select the Parameters tab in the dashboard. Click Edit Machining Pa-
rameters.
243
Click the All button, and select All categories from the Categories drop-
down
dialog box.
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245
Click Display Toolpath > Click Play. Notice that the toolpath now follows
the
TRIM_TO_WORKPIECE Parameter:
trims to the workpiece cross-section at the depth of the surface you are
machining.
Select the Parameters tab in the dashboard. Click Edit Machining Parameters.
Click
the All button, and select Entry/Exit Motions from the Categories drop-
down list.
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Click Display Toolpath > Click Play. Notice the tool now extends an extra
distance
There are a number of parameters that control entry and exit motions when
creating
247
· APPROACH_DISTANCE and EXIT_DISTANCE
tool is used for measuring the approach and over travel motions when the
slice.
the tool is used for measuring the exit and over travel motions when the
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There are a number of parameters that control the depth of a cut when
creating face
· STEP_DEPTH
· NUMBER_CUTS
250
· If NUMBER_CUTS = 0 or 1 and STEP_DEPTH is greater than depth to
be machined.
· BOTTOM_STOCK_ALLOW
- Default is zero.
Select the Parameters tab in the dashboard. Click Edit Machining Parameters.
Click
the All button, and select Cut Depth and Allowances from the Categories
drop-
down list.
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Click Display Toolpath > Click Play. Notice that the tool now makes two
passes,
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Lateral control parameters are a group of parameters that control the lateral
movement of the tool in face milling steps. Lateral movement is also affected
by
The following is a summary of the key parameters that control the lateral
move-
· SCAN_TYPE
- TYPE_1 – Moves the tool back and forth across the surface.
252
separately. Otherwise the same as TYPE_1.
passes.
· CUT_ANGLE – Is the angle between the cut direction and the X-axis of
nal toolpath uses the parameter that produces the smallest calculated step-
over:
in each slice.
one pass is created at the center of the machined surface for each slice.
ish near the edges of the surface that you are machining. It only reduces
253
when NUMBER_PASSES is equal to 1, and a single pass is made.
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If the tool diameter is greater than the face to mill, you can use the parameter
ly!
256
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When you have a workpiece in the manufacturing model, then you can
remove
258
fea-
Task 3.1.3: Create a material removal feature to cut away the machined
volume
down menu.
Click Face Milling 1 from the menu manager. Click Automatic > Done.
Click
the feature.
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259
3.2
Profile Milling
Profile milling sequences enable you to rough and finish mill both vertical
and slant-
ed surfaces. This is useful for machining the sidewalls of pockets and for
machining
create mill surfaces and use them as alternate references when model surfaces
are in-
appropriate, for instance, when the model surface being machined has a
variable
depth. Another important skill with profile milling is the ability to refine the
entry
· The depth of the surfaces selected for machining determines the final cut
depth.
· If you have a workpiece in the manufacturing model, you can remove the
260
You can do this after you complete the NC sequence.
- Tool Motions – This option enables you to modify default cut motions.
This includes removing default cut motions and adding your own cut mo-
- Both tools provide essentially the same functionality, but use different in-
terfaces.
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Task 3.2: Create a profile milling sequence and edit parameter values.
Disable all Datum Display types. In the ribbon, select the Mill tab. Click
Profile
Click Tool Manager in the Profile Milling dashboard. Ensure that the
and return.
Select the Reference tab in the dashboard, and click Details below the
Machining
References collector. In the Surface Sets dialog box, click Add. Notice the
default
rule selection is Loop surfaces. Cursor over the model, right-click, and select
the
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Select outer edge of the reference model for the loop edge, as shown. Notice
that the
Click OK.
Select the Parameters tab in the dashboard. Edit CUT_FEED to 120. Edit
Play. Notice that the toolpath make a straight pass to the profile, because
there is no
265
lead in or lead out motions configured for the toolpath. Click Close in the
Play Path
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When you create profile milling sequences, you can use a number of
parameters to
lead out.
267
· APPROACH/EXIT - For profile milling, this is an optional element. It
ena-
bles creation of approach and exit moves. You can use these as an alternative
- EXIT_DISTANCE - You can use this parameter when creating cut mo-
tions or using build cut. The distance of an exit move for a tangent or
normal exit.
268
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Task 3.2.1: Edit the lead in and lead out parameters in a profile milling
sequence.
270
Select the Profile Milling 1 NC sequence in the model tree. Right-click and
select
Edit Definition.
Select the Parameters tab. Click Edit Machining Parameters. Click the All
button,
and select Entry/Exit Motions from the Categories drop-down list. Select
OK.
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272
Review the resulting toolpath. Click Display Toolpath. Click Play. Notice
that lead
Adjust the entry and exit moves. Select the Parameters tab. Click Edit
Machining
Display Toolpath in the Profile Milling dashboard. Click Play. Notice the
over
travel distance removes any witness lines from the machined surfaces.
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When you create profile milling sequences, you can use a number of
parameters to
· STEP_DEPTH - The incremental depth of each cut for each profile pass.
· AXIS_SHIFT – Moves the CL data up or down along the tool axis. If set to
a
positive value, all CL data is shifted down along the tool axis. If set to a neg-
274
ative value, all CL data is shifted up along the tool axis. The default is 0.
milled surfaces.
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Task 3.2.2: Edit depth control parameter values in a profile milling sequence.
Select the Profile Milling 1 NC sequence in the model tree. Right-click and
select
276
Edit Definition.
Click Step Parameters. Click the All button and select Cut Depth and
Allowances
Category from the Categories drop-down list. Edit the following parameters:
Edit STEP_DEPTH to 3.
Edit NUM_PROF_PASSES to 2.
Edit PROF_INCREMENT to 1.
Click OK.
Review the resulting toolpath. Click Display Toolpath > Click Play. Notice
that the
toolpath now makes two passes at each step as shown above right.
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Generally the CAM software used to generate a tool path also generates the
tool off-
set to account for the diameter of the tooling. CAM systems allow the user to
277
pro-
called profiling), the accuracy of the finished surface depends on the cutter
accuracy and how closely the cutter diameter matches the programmed size.
tures to fully master. There are many rules, and when something goes
wrong, it
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3.2.3.1
toward the tool center (default) or tool edge. (This is not a Task!)
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The Register number is automatically the number of the tool if this is chosen
in the
specified:
281
distance of the tangent section of a lead in or lead out motion.
Cutter compensation is enabled on the first linear move and the output
switches from
Cutter compensation must be turned on or off with a line move, never an arc.
Com-
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CUTCOM LEFT:
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CUTCOM OFF:
NC code:
N1 T1 M6
N2 S286 M3
N3 G0 X15. Y-45.
N4 G43 Z5. H1 M7
N5 Z4.3
N6 G1 Z-3.7 F120.
N9 G1 X-20.
N51 G1 X-5.
(Compensation Off)
N54 Z5.
284
N55 M5
N56 M30
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3.3
285
Volume Milling
When machining, it is important that you be able to remove large amounts of
workpiece material. You typically use volume milling sequences for this
purpose.
Examples include machining mold cavities, machining pockets and slots, and
facing
volumes. You can modify volume milling sequences using build cut and
customized
functionality. This enables you to edit and remove the default cut motions
and add
You can use the following features to describe volume milling NC sequences:
slice-by-slice.
· You can create both roughing and profiling passes within a volume milling
sequence.
286
ma-
chine.
- You can use a mill volume or mill window to represent the volume of
material to be removed.
· By default, the tool does not machine outside the specified volume.
- However, the tool can break through surfaces of a volume if they are spe-
· Top surfaces are surfaces of a mill volume that the tool can also penetrate
- You only have to use this option if some of the top surfaces of the volume
are not parallel to the retract plane. If you use a mill window, this option
is not available. You can use the window start plane as the top surface.
· You can modify the default cut motions by using the build cut or customize
functionality.
· If you have a workpiece in the manufacturing model, you can remove the
· Add solid features – You can sketch an outline and create an extruded mill
287
volume. If required, you can also create more complex shapes using tools
· Trim – You can automatically subtract the reference model material from an
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The gathering technique enables you to create complex mill volume shapes
by refer-
288
The gathering process involves several steps and the selection of various
options:
· Select Surfaces – You select the surfaces to machine. There are several
methods available. With each method, the selected surfaces are sewn together
- Surf and Bound – You select one of the surfaces for machining (the seed
surface) and then select bounding surfaces. The seed surface and all
single quilt. You can also configure boundary loops to add outer loops of
· Exclude – This option is available only if you gather using an option other
than Surf and Bound (for example, Surfaces). There are two exclude options.
289
- Loops – Exclude outer loops. Use this option to delete unwanted portions
· Fill – When you fill an inner loop of edges on a surface selected for gather-
ing, it is equivalent to "patching" the base quilt of the mill volume. The vol-
ume is built as if there was a smooth surface with no perforations. Two fill
- All – Fill all loops on a selected surface. Select a surface. All inner loops
not.
- Loops – Select loops to be filled. For each loop to be filled, you must se-
lect only one edge. If you gather using Surf and Bound, the edges must lie
sary.
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· Close – This enables you to specify the mill volume capping plane.
- If you create a mill volume during the creation of a volume milling se-
quence, then by default Creo Parametric closes the mill volume automati-
cally. This is done by extruding the boundaries of the surface quilt verti-
cally up to the retract plane. Note in this case, you can still specify an al-
292
You can also create a volume milling sequence using the trimmed mill
volume.
You can subtract the reference model from the mill volume geometry using
the trim
functionality.
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Task 3.3: Create a volume milling sequence using an extrude feature and
trim func-
tionality.
In the ribbon, select the Mill tab. Select Volume Rough from the Roughing
drop-
Notice that in the SEQ SETUP menu, the Tool, Parameters, and Window
check box-
295
es are automatically selected. Select the Volume check box. You must
configure
these items to generate a toolpath. In addition, select the Name box and Click
Done.
Edit the name for the NC Sequence. Click New in the Tool Setup dialog box.
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Cut Data:
Click the Apply button. Click Yes to save the changes to the tool. In the Tool
Setup
dialog box, click Save to save the updated tool information. OK.
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· Edit STEP_DEPTH to 2.
· Edit STEP_OVER to 4.
301
· Edit CLEAR_DIST to 5.
· Click OK.
Click Mill Volume from the Manufacturing Geometry group. Click Extrude
from
Select the top surface of the reference model, as shown. Click Sketch.
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303
Orient the sketching plane parallel to the screen. Click References from the
Setup
group.
Select the left and top edges of the reference model as references, as shown.
Click Close in the References dialog box. Click Project. Select the Loop
option.
Right click to query on the model and select the top surface of the reference
model,
as shown.
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Click next until the loop is highlighted as shown below. Accept to select the
loop of
edges.
Click Close.
dashboard. Edit the depth to selected and select the surface as shown below:
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308
Click Complete Feature in the Extrude dashboard. Click Trim from the
Volume
Features group.
Select the reference model, as shown below. Click OK from the Controls
group.
Click Done Seq. Select the NC sequence from the model tree and Play Path.
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Click close.
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Scanning parameters are a group of parameters that control how the tool
machines
309
each slice in volume milling sequences. The following is a summary of the
key pa-
rameters that control how the tool scans each slice in volume milling
sequences.
Scanning Parameters:
- ROUGH_ONLY - No profiling.
- POCKETING - Profiles the walls of the volume and finish mills all the
planar surfaces inside the volume that are parallel to the retract plane (is-
- FACES_ONLY - Finish mills only the planar surfaces inside the volume
that are parallel to the retract plane (island tops and bottom of the vol-
ume).
· CUT_ANGLE - The angle between the cut direction and the X-axis of the
310
· SCAN_TYPE - For volume milling. Refers to the way a milling tool scans
ing islands.
- POCKETING - Profiles the walls of the volume and finish mills all the
planar surfaces, inside the volume, that are parallel to the retract plane (is-
- FACES_ONLY - Finish mills only the planar surfaces, inside the volume,
that are parallel to the retract plane (island tops and bottom of the vol-
ume).
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TYPE_SPIRAL:
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TYP_ONE_DIR:
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315
High speed machining options:
verse arc connections between cuts. This is a high speed machining option,
walls of the volume, maintaining fixed offset between the respective points of
two successive cuts. If the cuts are closed, there are S-shape connections be-
CONSTANT_LOAD:
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Task 3.3.1: Edit parameters relating to scanning and depth in the previously
VOL-
Edit Step Parameters. Click the All button, and select Cutting Motions from
the
318
SPIRAL
Edit Step Parameters. Click the All button, and select Entry/Exit Motions
from the
OK.
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Play the Path. Notice the angle that tool enter to the workpiece.
320
Select the BOT_POCKET NC sequence in the model tree. Right-click and
select
Edit Step Parameters. Click the All button, and select Entry/Exit Motions
from the
Play the Path. You can hide the volume before the Play Path.
Create the Material Removal Cut for the volume from the Manufacturing
Geometry
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3.4
Pocket Milling
Pocketing can be used to finish mill after a rough Volume operation, or for
direct fin-
323
ishing. The surfaces selected must allow for a continuous tool path. The
pocket may
include horizontal, vertical, or slanted surfaces. The walls of the pocket will
be
Select Pocketing from the Milling drop-down menu. Select the Name check
box. Pa-
rameters and Surfaces check boxes are automatically selected. The tool is the
same
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Edit STEP_DEPTH to 2.
Edit STEP_OVER to 2.
Edit RAMP_ANGLE to 5.
Edit CLEAR_DIST to 2.
325
Click OK.
From the menu manager > SURF PICK > accept the default Model – Done.
Press CTRL and Select the two surfaces within the pocket as shown. >
Done/Return.
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From the menu manager, click Play Path > Screen Play.
Click Close in the Play Path dialog box when finished. Click Done Seq.
Create the Material Removal Cut for the Circular Pocket from the
Manufacturing
Geometry Group drop-down menu. Select Automatic. If you get the message
FEAT
Select Construct. > Done. Select Solid > Cut > Extrude > Solid > Done.
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Select the placement surfaces as shown above. In the Sketcher, select Project
and se-
lect the two edges as shown below. Click Save the section and exit.
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Select the depth as shown below. Click complete feature. Click
Done/Return.
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3.5
Holemaking
for machining. During the holemaking process, you need to select the
appropriate
cycle type. These include standard drilling, boring, tapping, reaming, and
countersink
drill cycles. It is important to understand when you should use each type of
331
drill cy-
cle. Another important stage in the holemaking process is creating hole sets
that de-
on the same set of holes, you can configure a drill group that simplifies the
selection
process.
Holemaking Process:
· Select the drill cycle type, for example, deep drilling or reaming.
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Cycle Types:
put in the CL data file. You can configure a number of different cycle types.
· Drill - Drill a hole. Depending on the additional option you select, the
follow-
- Deep – CYCLE/DEEP.
- BreakChip – CYCLE/BRKCHP.
333
- Web – CYCLE/THRU (for multiple plates).
· Face - Drill a hole with an optional dwell at final depth to help ensure a
clean
the CL file.
· Bore - Bore a hole to create a finish hole diameter with high precision. The
statement is output to the CL file. If you select the Back option together with
· Tap - Drill a threaded hole. Pro/NC supports ISO standard thread output.
The
available.
- Floating - Enables you to modify the feed rate using the parameter
FLOAT_TAP_FACTOR.
334
· Custom - Create and use your own customized cycles for the current
machine
tool.
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When creating drilling sequences, you need to configure the hole sets for
drilling.
· Selecting holes – You can select the holes to drill using any combination of
workpiece.
- Groups – Select predefined drill groups. You can define groups of holes
335
· Depth options – You need to configure depth options as part of the hole set
- Blind – Drill from the start surface (or Z-height) to specified depth. Spec-
ify the start and end surfaces (by either selecting a surface or typing a Z-
depth).
geometry.
- Thru All – Drill a through hole from the retract surface all the way
- The Tool Depth option buttons, Shoulder and Tip, available for blind and
auto drilling, determine whether the drilling depth references the shoulder
- The depth for countersink drilling is defined by the start surface and the
set.
- The countersink diameter is the final diameter of the hole after drilling.
336
that Creo Parametric automatically finds all the applicable chamfers and
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Drill a chamfer for a countersunk screw. This cycle is also useful if you want
to cre-
ate a tapped hole or need only chamfers for the holes. The CYCLE/CSINK
statement
In the ribbon, select the Mill tab. Select Countersink from the Countersink
drop-
down menu in the Holemaking Cycles group. Click Tool Manager in the
Counter-
339
sinking dashboard.
Click the Apply button. Click Yes to save the changes to the tool. In the Tool
Setup
dialog box, click Save to save the updated tool information. OK.
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Select the References tab. Select the Auto Chamfer check box. Notice four
341
axes
and the holes highlight on the model, as shown. (Countersink Diameter: 7).
Edit CLEAR_DIST to 2.
make the CL data visible. Click Play. Notice that the four holes are drilled
and a
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The Standard drilling cycle can be used for the short holes.
Click Standard in the Holemaking Cycles group. Click Tool Manager in the
Drill-
Click File > Open Tool Library > By Copy. Select drill_chuck_sk40.asm.
Select the
Instance:
345
Click the Apply button. Click Yes to save the changes to the tool. In the Tool
Setup
dialog box, click Save to save the updated tool information. OK.
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347
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349
Select the Details button. Select the 5 diameter in the available list and click
Add.
Select the Depth tab in the Holes dialog box. Notice in the Depth tab that the
Auto
Click Done in the Holes dialog box. Select the Parameters tab.
· Edit CLEAR_DIST to 5.
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Click Display Toolpath in the Drilling dashboard. Click Play. Notice that
the four
Select Position Cutting Tool button and click the end point of the red
coloured
351
toolpath:
You can see that there is a collison to the support plate. Click Close in the
Play Path
Select the References tab again. You can change the Depth End to Machine
to se-
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Click Display Toolpath in the Drilling dashboard. Click Play. Now there is
no colli-
sion. The other and better option is to move the support plates.
Create the Material Removal Cut for the Countersinking and Drilling NC
Sequenc-
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Click Tapping in the Holemaking Cycles group. Click Tool Manager in the
Tap-
ping dashboard. Click File > Open Tool Library > By Copy. Select
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357
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Select the Details button. Select the 6 diameter in the available list and click
Add.
Select the Depth tab in the Holes dialog box. Notice in the Depth tab that the
Auto
Click Done in the Holes dialog box. Select the Parameters tab.
· Edit THREAD_FEED to 1.
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· Edit CLEAR_DIST to 5.
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Click Display Toolpath in the Tapping dashboard. Click Play. Notice that
the four
Create the Material Removal Cut for the Tapping NC Sequence from the
Manufac-
360
Task 3.5.4 is ready.
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3.6
Trajectory Milling
During the trajectory milling process, you must configure the trajectory for
the tool
to follow. You can use trajectory milling sequences for milling slots where
the shape
of the tool corresponds to that of the slot. You can also use them to chamfer
edges.
You can either use an edited tool or you can sketch your own tool for the
sequence.
This enables you to specify the tool control point anywhere on the tool.
- To configure the toolpath for 2-axis trajectory milling, you sketch or se-
lect a curve that represents the final trajectory of the control point of the
361
tool.
- The curve must lie in the plane normal to the Z-axis of the NC sequence
coordinate system.
- In the simplest case, the tool makes just the one cutting pass along this
- This type of trajectory milling sequence also benefits from automatic ma-
terial removal.
- To configure the toolpath for 3- to 5-axis trajectory milling, you must in-
teractively specify the trajectory of the control point of the tool by creat-
· You can use either edited tools or sketch your own tool for the NC
sequence.
· If you sketch a tool, you can create a user-defined control point for the tool.
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362
· You can adjust the depth of the final pass and specify multiple cutting
passes
with a vertical offset. You can also create multiple trajectory milling slices
· You can specify a number of options when you configure a 2-axis trajectory
milling sequence.
- Datum Curve – You need to select or create a datum curve that lies in a
can create the datum curve before or during the creation of the trajectory
milling sequence.
- Start Height – Select the height from which you want the tool tip to start.
- Height – Adjust the depth of the final pass of the tool by selecting a
- Offset – Specify the direction in which the cut motion is offset (none, left,
When you select an offset option, the arrow shows the offset direc-
tion.
- Material Side – If the offset direction is none, then you can specify the
363
Parameter Configuration:
important parameters control lead in and lead out motions and the application
of cut-
ter compensation.
lead-out.
· Cutter Compensation
§ You can configure the workcell to specify whether the cutter compen-
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366
Task 3.6.1: Create a 2-axis trajectory milling sequence for the chamfer and
config-
ure sequence options. In this case the chamfer tool is 10 diameter V-CUT end
mill.
The tool tip is 2mm below the edge of the chamfer as shown below
At first, you specify the tool trajectory by sketching a curve on that represents
the fi-
nal trajectory of the tool. You need to define a new Datum Plane for the
sketch.
The model tree insertion indicator, shown in the model tree as Insert
Indicator, in-
dicates where features are inserted upon creation. By default, its position
always suc-
ceeds all items listed in the model tree. You may drag it higher or lower in
the model
In addition to dragging the Insert Indicator up into the model tree, you can
specify an
insert location in the tree. To do this, select a feature, right-click, and select
Insert
Here. The insert indicator is then placed directly below the selected item.
The plane for the trajectory has to locate after the last Material Removal
Feature in
the model tree > you can select the feature and right click > Insert Here.
Click Plane from the Datum group. Select the top surface for the reference as
367
shown.
368
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When the plane is activated from the model, select the Sketch Tool from the
ribbon.
370
Select Offset from the Sketching Group. Select Single and select the edge as
shown:
Notice the direction of the arrow and edit the negative or positive value to
1.5.
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In the ribbon, select the Mill tab. Select 2 Axis Trajectory from the
Trajectory Mill-
ing drop-down menu in the Milling group. Click Tool Manager in the Curve
Trajec-
Click the Apply button. Click Yes to save the changes to the tool. In the Tool
Setup
373
dialog box, click Save to save the updated tool information. OK.
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datum curve.
375
change the
direction. Click the red arrow on the sketch to change the direction as shown
below.
Click the Details tab. Press CTRL and select all sketched lines and arcs.
Change the
You can move the start point by dragging the handle or click the value and
edit to
0.5.
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Edit CLEAR_DIST to 5.
377
Edit SPINDLE_SPEED to 2864.
Click Resume Feature. Select the Parameters tab and Edit Machining
Parameters.
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379
Click the All button and select Entry/Exit Motions from the categories drop-
down
list.
Edit the values as shown. Click OK. Review the resulting toolpath. Click
Display
You cannot create the automatic material removal for the trajectory milling.
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Now there are 8 NC Sequences for the first operation. The machined stock
looks like
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3.7
Operation 2.
you can rotate the part and create more NC Sequences to make the part
finished.
Select the operation from the model tree (here: PLATE_TOP) and right click
> Acti-
vate:
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Now you can see the rest of the unmachined material. You can also adjust the
fixture.
Select the NC_VICE_SLIDER. prt and Edit definition. Edit distance to 50.
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3.8
385
Mill Surfaces and Mill Windows for Face Milling
When creating face milling sequences, you can use mill geometry such as
mill sur-
not appropriate, for example, when you face mill multiple model surfaces.
You can
creation of an NC sequence.
· Mill Surfaces:
- Mill surfaces are surface features and are often referred to as mill geome-
try.
§ Fill – Use the fill tool to create a flat surface by sketching an outline
on a sketching plane.
sketching plane.
386
§ Copy – Copy existing model surfaces to form a new mill surface.
· Mill Windows:
- Mill windows are manufacturing geometry features that you can use when
creating face milling sequences. They consist of a closed outline that de-
fines the area to be machined. You can create them before or during the
creation of an NC sequence.
- When referencing mill windows for face milling, the depth of the mill
window and the depth of the machined reference geometry are considered
§ If the highest Z-depth of the reference geometry is lower than the mill
window depth, then the final machined depth is defined by the mill
window plane.
mill window depth, then the final machined depth is defined by the
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388
Task 3.8: Use a mill window as a machining reference for the NC sequence.
Click Mill Window from the Manufacturing Geometry drop-down list. In the
Placement tab, Select the top surface from the workpiece as Window Plane.
Clear
Select the Depth tab. Check the Specify the depth and select To Selected
from the
Select the Options tab. Check the Offset window uniformly check box and
edit the
value to 6.
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You can see the Mill Window in the model and the model tree:
3.9
You can use the Mill Window for the Face Milling.
Select the Mill tab. Click Face from the Milling group. Select the drop-down
arrow
next to the box containing “No tool” and select the END_LONG_SK40_D20.
390
Select
the Reference tab. Select the drop-down arrow under Type and select Mill
Window.
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Create the Material Removal Cut for the Face Milling 2. NC Sequence from
the
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394
In 2-Axis trajectory milling, you specify the tool trajectory by sketching or
selecting
In the next case you can select the curves from the model.
Task 3.10: Create a 2-axis trajectory milling sequence using model edges.
Select 2 Axis Trajectory from the Trajectory Milling drop-down menu in the
Mill-
ing group. Click Tool Manager in the Curve Trajectory dashboard. Ensure
that the
and return.
Select the Offset Cut check box. Change Material to Remove as shown.
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Select the Start Point button and select the edge as shown. Edit the ratio to
0.5 >
Accept.
Edit the required parameters for the NC sequence. Select the Parameters tab.
Edit
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Click the All button and select Entry/Exit Motions from the categories drop-
down
Click OK. Review the resulting toolpath. Click Display Toolpath in the
Curve Tra-
Create the Material Removal Cut for the Curve Trajectory 2. NC Sequence
from
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Chamfer Milling
must use a tool of the type Chamfering, Drilling, or Countersink, with the
Point
have a 45 degree chamfer, use the tool with the Point Angle of 90 degree.
BER_FIRST_FINCUTS, NUMBER_LAST_FINCUTS,
FIRST_FINCUT_OFFSET,
LAST_FINCUT_OFFSET,CORNER_FINISH_TYPE,
INTER_RET_HEIGHT,
402
basic contact point on the chamfer.
Round Milling
lets, and so on. You can machine a single rounded edge, a single chain of
rounded
edges (open on both ends), or a single closed loop of rounded edges. For
example, on
top of a Pocket feature. You must use either a tool of the type Corner
Rounding with
the Radius parameter of the tool equal to the radius of the Top Round, or a
sketched
tool.
BER_LAST_CUTS, FIRST_FINCUT_OFFSET,
LAST_FINCUT_OFFSET,CORNER_FINISH_TYPE,
INTER_RET_HEIGHT,
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404
Task 3.11: Create a Chamfer step.
Click the Mill tab and select Chamfer. Select the previously defined
NC_SPOT
DRILL.
Click in the Machining References box. Select the edge as shown below:
Click in the Start Point box and drag the point as shown below. Flip the
direction by
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Select the Parameters tab. Edit the values as shown. Play the Path.
The tool tip depth is automatically in the middle of the cutting length. Select
the Pa-
407
rameters tab and Edit Machining Parameters and create the LEAD IN and
LEAD
OUT parameters.
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All NC Sequences are ready and all material removals are completed. Now
the ma-
chined part looks like below (Expect the latest hole chamfer). At first there
was the
Notice! The machined part looks now ok. But you have to make several
simulations
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A machine crash can be very expensive, potentially ruin the machine, and
delay your
entire manufacturing schedule and can hurt you or someone in the workshop.
So it is
In Creo Parametric you can simulate the toolpath in many ways and even NC
Ma-
Collision detected!
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You can display tool path for an operation or a step. The step has to be
completely
defined. When you display tool path for an operation, only steps that are
completely
You can also display the toolpath during the creation of the NC Sequence as
shown
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as the tool is cutting the workpiece (See the Vericut Simulation Chapter).
Do not confuse the automatic material removal feature with the Material
Removal
simulation process.
Material Removal:
· Simulates material removal for display purposes only; does not create
geome-
try.
· Always takes into account the actual tool path and shape.
Operation Material Removal Simulation, above and below left. You can also
display
414
the cutting tool removing material during the creation of the NC Sequence as
shown
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You can display tool path and machine simulation for completely defined
steps or
operations. For operations, the simulation is played only for the steps that are
com-
pletely defined.
You should have defined the machine assembly in the Machine Assembly tab
of the
415
Machine Tool Setup dialog box.
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417
Play Path. If necessary, click the CL data bar to make the CL data visible.
Click
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You can display tool path for a single step or select steps from the model tree:
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Since 1988 CGTech’s product, VERICUT software, has become the industry
stand-
rework. The program also optimizes NC programs in order to both save time
and
420
produce higher quality surface finish. VERICUT simulates all types of CNC
ma-
DMG / Mori Seiki, Okuma, etc. VERICUT runs standalone, but can also be
integrat-
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When the Vericut is open you can see the workpiece and the fixture:
The Vericut-software inside Creo Parametric is not fully version, but there is
enough
functions for simulating. If you try something what is in the fully version you
get the
message.
You can manipulate the model on the Vericut screen almost in the same way
than in
Creo Parametric.
422
· Rotating (LMB)
· Zooming (MMB)
· Moving (RMB)
Under the case menu (RMB) founds the mostly needed functions:
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You can select the models from the model tree and change the colors and
adjust the
other functions.
424
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Stop: Rewind:
Reset:
You can play with Solid-tools if defined. If there is a collision, you get the
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You can display tool path and machine simulation for completely defined
steps or
operations. For operations, the simulation is played only for the steps that are
com-
pletely defined.
Before the Machine Play, you should have defined the machine assembly in
the Ma-
rectory for the machine assembly files. NC Manufacturing locates the ma-
427
chine assembly files in the following order:
- All first level sub directories of the default directory, if default directory
is set
- Current directory
should be connected to each other only using sliders and pins. That is, the rel-
can specify the limits for the slider and pin motions.
· You must define the absolute origin of the machine assembly using a
coordi-
ble the manufacturing model or fixture. You must define this coordinate sys-
tem at the assembly level and not within a component of the assembly.
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· Define the spindle loading position of the machine assembly using a coordi-
· Any solid tool model present in the machine assembly should contain a
coor-
Click Find…
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Type: pro_mf and click Find Now:
You can see all the options starting pro_mf. Select pro_mf_workcell_dir.
Click Browse. Select the folder where the workcell files are. OK.
Click OK.
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Select Yes to Save the configuration file. The default folder is active working
directory.
If possible (writing rights), try save the config.pro to the installation directory
and to
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Before the Machine Play, you should have defined the machine assembly in
the Ma-
Select the Assembly tab. Select Open machine center assembly model.
opens and you can select the assembly. Select the machine and Open. Click
Preview.
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Next you need to select the coordinate system. This coordinate system have
to be
439
is in the
NC_VICE fixture assembly. You can not select the coordinate system,
because the
Click Apply. Select the fixture assembly and move it before the workcenter.
Click OK.
Now the fixture locate before the workcenter. Select the workcenter and Edit
Definition.
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Select the Assembly tab. Click the Coordinate System box and select the
Click Apply.Selct the operation or single step from the model tree. Right
click and
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Click Play. You can zoom, move and rotate the assembly during the
animation.
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POSTPROCESSING
4.1
What is a Postprocessor
443
(CL or
system. The toolpath data file contains the machining instructions specified
by the
converts the machining instructions from the toolpath data file into code
understood
figure below shows how you get from a blueprint or a CAD system to a
punch file
The machine control data (MCD) file is the file produced that ultimately is
taken to
has also been referred to as the tape image file (. TAP) and/or the punch file
(. PU1).
You can change the extension (.TAP, .PU1) if needed for example: (.CNC or
.EIA or
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444
An option file is a file created by the user via the Option File Generator. The
file is
read at postprocessor execution time. Upon reading the option file, the
postprocessor
The Option File Generator creates an option file, which is read by the
postprocessor
at execution time in order to obtain its 'personality' (or behavior). The file
naming
· Lathes: uncl01.pnn
· Mills: uncx01.pnn
While using the Option File Generator, the user has the option to create a FIL
file via
the built in FIL editor. When the user exits or saves the option file they have
been
creating, the Option File Generator automatically saves any work the user
may have
445
done in the FIL editor. The file naming convention for the FIL file is:
cessor will ever have the ability to accommodate the many features available
on to-
day's controls, not to mention the new features being added to controls every
day!
lease of the G-POST since it was released many years ago. It is not possible
to ad-
dress the many special features available; thus, this was the primary driving
force in
creation of FIL.
FIL allows the user to go beyond any postprocessor's capabilities through the
ability
only by the user's imagination. The FIL macro language allows users to:
446
· Alter postprocessor output
In addition, the FIL macro language has many features for logic control:
· Case statements
· Do loops
· Jumpto labels
There are many text string manipulation functions and many other tools
available as
well.
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For example, if you want to use canned cycles with CAM you may need the
FIL-file:
CIMFIL/ON,CYCLE
$$ ****************************************************
$$ * Turning Cycle
$$
$$ *
447
CYCLE/TURN,DEPTH,Depth,XAXIS,xval,ZAXIS,Zval,FEED,feed_rough
$$ * ...
$$ * roughing motions
$$ * ...
$$ * CYCLE/TURN,NOMORE,FEED,feed_finish
$$ * ...
$$ * finish motions
$$ * ...
$$ * CYCLE/TURN,OFF
$$ *
$$ *
$$ * N... Ffeed_rough
$$ * Nstart_seq ...
$$ * ...
$$ * Nend_seq ...
$$ ****************************************************
CYCTYP=POSTF(7,4)
448
IF (CYCTYP.EQ.ICODEF(TURN)) THEN
DVAL=POSTF(7,6)
UVAL=POSTF(7,8)
WVAL=POSTF(7,10)
FVAL=POSTF(7,12)
XX=POSTF(26,5,5,1)
ELSE
XX=POSTF(13)
ENDIF
CIMFIL/OFF
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4.2
CL Data
been completed, you can create ASCII format Cutter Location (CL) data files
for
operations or selected NC steps. You can then post-process CL data files into
specif-
452
ic Machine Control Data (MCD) files using a post-processor. It is important
to un-
derstand that changing NC steps requires you to recreate the CL data file for
the op-
eration and post-process this file again to produce an updated MCD file.
You can create the CL Data file from the operation. You can also create a set
of NC
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Post-Processing Method
tools.
453
· Complete NC Sequences – You first need to complete the operation by
creat-
· Create CL Data Files – When the operation is complete, you can create CL
data files.
whole operation.
· Post-Process CL Data Files – You can then post-process CL data files into
- You have the option of creating the CL and MCD files simultaneously.
Configuration Options
454
ting the configuration option ncpost_type. The values are:
Corporation.
ly programmed tools).
In the earlier N/C systems, the most commonly used program storage
medium was
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456
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4.3
458
Task 4.3: Create a CL data file and MCD file for the CAMSHAFT PLATE
opera-
tions.
Create a CL data file for a set of sequences. Select Save CL File for a Set
from the
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Click File. Select the MCD File check box, and click Done. Accept the name
for the
From the menu manager, move the cursor on the list to see the available post-
processors. See the Status bar: The name of the selected machine
postprocessor is
shown
window.
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ly. View the contents of the browser. Click the Web Browser from the Status
toolbar:
Among other things, notice that the listing for the working directory contains
464
tape and it
is the NC-code file. You can open it for example in the Notepad or another
text edi-
tor.
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The other way to make CL Data for the operation is Play Path.
Task 4.3.1: Create a CL data file and MCD file for Top side, operation 2.
466
In the model tree, select the second operation, (here PLATE_TOP). Right-
click and
Click the CL data bar to make the CL data visible. Click Play.
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In the Play Path dialog box, click File > Save As MCD. Select the Save CL
File Al-
so check box. Select the Verbose and Trace check boxes. Click Output.
From the menu manager, move the cursor on the list to see the available post-
processors. See the Status bar: The name of the selected machine
postprocessor is
shown
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470
Select Folder Browser, and Working Directory:
Notice that the listing for the working directory contains plate_top.ncl and
plate_top.tap. The tap extension means tape and it is the NC-code file. You
can
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When the CL Data has been created, you can use it in many ways. You can
create
the Material Removal Simulation: Select CL File > Select from the folder >
Done.
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5.1
NC or CNC
basic machine tools which were modified to have motors for movement along
the
474
axes.
with computers. This makes them more versatile in the sense that, suppose a
change
the program in the tape and then feed it to the machine again. But in a CNC
machine,
you just change a variable in the computer and your modification is done.
that the said machine’s advent can be traced back to the invention of the NC
(numer-
was a breakthrough invention that led the way towards modern automated
machines.
The CNC machine first appeared when John Runyon managed to produce
punch
tapes under computer control. This showed dramatic results in terms of time,
reduc-
475
NC.
Today you can see that the both terms are used. For example, there can be job
adver-
In this book the language is based on G-code which is the common name for
the
most widely used programming language. In the world, the standard ISO
6983 is of-
ten used, although in varied states of Europe sometimes used other standards,
exam-
There are also the other languages as Heidenhain, Siemens, Mazak and more.
Many
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5.2
Structure of an NC program
476
ter and line by line.
· Program end
Program start
At the beginning of an NC program the character '%' can represent the start of
the
program. The name of the program is then found following this character.
NC block:
NC word:
477
a special character. The optional following characters specify the meaning
the letters as "words" because each is a "word" telling the controller some-
thing to do
Program end:
this.
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Between the start and end of the program are NC Blocks as mentioned above.
NC
N20
N30
Mostly used G-code words are G and M (for General and Miscellaneous).
O1702
478
N20 G00 T0202 M41
· Many G codes and M codes cause the machine to change from one mode to
another, and the mode stays active until some other command changes it im-
· Non-modal" codes effect only the lines on which they occur. For example,
G4 (dwell) is non-modal.
You can find a lot of G-code lists from the internet for example. The G-codes
can be
machine could have own codes. So you should know the machine functions
and con-
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5.3
Not all codes are available on all controls, and some controls have other
codes. See
479
G00 - Positioning at rapid speed; Mill and Lathe
G17 - X-Y plane for arc machining; Mill and Lathe with live tooling
G18 - Z-X plane for arc machining; Mill and Lathe with live tooling
G19 - Z-Y plane for arc machining; Mill and Lathe with live tooling
G29 - Move to location through reference point; Mill and Lathe (slightly
different
480
G33 - Thread cutting; Mill
G40 - Cancel diameter offset; Mill. Cancel tool nose offset; Lathe
G41 - Cutter compensation left; Mill. Tool nose radius compensation left;
Lathe
G42 - Cutter compensation right; Mill. Tool nose radius compensation right;
Lathe
481
G75 - OD groove pecking; Lathe
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482
G97 - Constant surface speed cancel
483
M99 - End of sub program; Lathe and Mill
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by a single G-code. Canned cycles act as shortcuts that simplify the program.
perform canned cycles. Canned cycles give the programmer the option to do
some
484
· G73 - Chip break drilling cycle
Most CAM systems will take advantage of CNC-based canned cycles. If you
want to
use canned cycles with CAM, you need to set up the postprocessor less or
more. In
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5.4
Open the working directory and find the file with extension .tap. Open the
file for
N1 T1 M6
N2 S286 M3
N3 G0 X37.904 Y-21.017
N4 Z10. M7
N5 Z7.
N6 G1 Z0. F60.
N7 X-37.903
N8 G0 X-40.999
N9 Y21.009
N10 X-37.883
486
N41 X18. Y-13.5 I-18. J-13.5
N43 G1 X0.
N45 G1 Y-37.5
N46 Z10.
N47 M5
N48 M30
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5.5
Whenever you output CL data to a file, the system checks the PPRINT table.
If any
488
Select the work center and edit definition. Click the PPRINT button. Click
Create
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Click Done/Return.
Test the created PPRINT by creating the new NC Code for the TOP-side
operation.
489
must
N4 T1 M6
N5 S286 M3
N6 G0 X37.904 Y-21.017
N7 Z10. M7
N8 Z7.
N9 G1 Z0. F60.
N10 X-37.903
N11 G0 X-40.999
N12 Y21.009
N13 X-37.883
490
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3 AXIS MACHINING
492
6.1
linear (motion along a straight line) or circular (a rotary motion). The number
of axes
three moving axes, but only two axes can move together (most machines sold
today
are full three axis machines). For machining centers, a three axis machine
will have
three linear axes. A four or five axis machine will have three linear axes as
well as
Note that 2.5 versus 3 axis has yet another context. 2.5 axis machining
requires that
the machine have three axes, but only two axes must be moving
simultaneously at
any one time. (Simple operations, like drilling and most milling, fall into this
catego-
ry). On the other hand 3-axis machining requires that all three axes be
moving at the
493
quired in molds and airfoils, fall into this category.)
Below are two examples from the various types of machining centers.
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6.2
of sculptured surfaces.
Straight cut surface milling sequences enable you to mill contoured and
horizontal
surfaces with a series of straight cuts. You can use straight cut surface milling
to cre-
495
When you create surface milling sequences, you can use mill surfaces as
alternate
references when model surfaces are inappropriate, for example, when the
model be-
You use surface milling to mill horizontal or contoured surfaces. There are
four types
Surface Milling:
· Cut types:
- Straight Cut
- Cut Line
- Projected Cuts
· Cut Type
496
· Geometry Selection
- Model
- Mill Volume
- Mill Surface
- Mill Window
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You can use the following features to describe straight cut surface milling.
· Any inner protrusions, as well as the outer walls extending up from the sur-
face, are automatically avoided. The stock allowance, if any, applies to the
498
· If you select a surface from the model, any slots or holes on the surface are
"patched." By default, the toolpaths are generated as if they were not there.
Task 6.2.1: Create a straight cut surface milling sequence and edit parameter
values.
3. Workpiece
4. Workcell
5. Operation
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In the ribbon, select the Mill tab. Click Surface Milling from the Milling
group.
Notice that in the SEQ SETUP menu, the Tool, Parameters, Surfaces, and
Define
Cut check boxes are automatically selected. You must configure these items
to gen-
501
502
503
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504
Define the tool, 10 diameter ball mill.
Edit ROUGH_STEP_DEPTH to 2.
Edit STEP_OVER to 5.
Edit PROF_STOCK_ALLOW to 1.
Edit CLEAR_DIST to 5.
Click OK.
505
506
507
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Click Model > Done. Press CTRL and select the all surfaces on the top of the
refer-
Configure the Cut Definition. Notice that the Cut Type option is configured
as
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Click OK. Review the resulting toolpath. From the menu manager, click Play
Path
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Click Done Seq. Select the surf roughing NC Sequence from the model tree
and se-
511
lect Material Removal Simulation.
Play the Vericut. Notice the affect of the STEP_OVER parameter (5) and
PROF_STOCK_ALLOW (1).
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Roughing is ready. You can adjust the final result by changing parameters.
The next step is finishing the surface. You can create many different types of
finish-
ing NC Sequence. You can use the same NC Sequence as roughing, but
change the
512
smaller ball mill and change also a few parameters.
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closed contour. All surfaces visible within the contour are milled.
In the ribbon, select the Mill tab. Click Surface Milling from the Milling
group.
514
Notice that in the SEQ SETUP menu, the Tool, Parameters, Surfaces, and
Define
Cut check boxes are automatically selected. You must configure these items
to gen-
erate a toolpath. Change the Surfaces check box to Window. Select also the
Name
515
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517
Define the tool, 3 diameter ball mill.
Edit ROUGH_STEP_DEPTH to -.
Edit PROF_STOCK_ALLOW to 0.
Edit CLEAR_DIST to 5.
Click OK.
518
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Configure the surface for machining. Select Mill Window from the ribbon.
Select
Select the Depth tab and To Selected and select the surface as shown below:
Click Complete Feature. Edit the Cut Angle to 45. Click Preview. Click
OK.
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Review the resulting toolpath. From the menu manager, click Play Path ->
Screen
Click Close in the Play Path dialog box. Click Done Seq.
Create the CL Data file from the two NC Sequences and create the material
removal
simulation.
Notice the STEP_OVER parameter 0.5 and working allowance 1mm after
roughing.
You can also notice that the mill window could be a little bigger. You change
the
521
size of the mill window.
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Select Mill Window from the model tree and edit definition. Select the
Options tab
and select the Offset window contour box. Edit 3 for the offset value.
523
CL data files.
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524
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APPENDIX
525
7.1
File Menu:
526
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UI Customization
Command Locator
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527
Keyboard Shortcuts
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528
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Model Appearance
529
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PTC.com
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INDEX
530
Austin N.C. Inc
...................................................... 200
Machine Assembly . 7, 56, 57, 59, 60, 86, 185, 192, 193,
196
CAM ........................................................................ 5
Modal.................................................................... 214
CL Data ..... 7, 55, 56, 58, 62, 74, 77, 78, 118, 121, 148,
151, 154, 158, 160, 186, 203, 204, 205, 208, 209,
531
219, 220, 234
CNC ......6, 7, 42, 59, 123, 188, 200, 212, 214, 217, 221
Non-Modal............................................................ 214
Datum Features
........................................................31
Operation .................................................................67
EN40B
532
Entry/Exit Motions ......... 107, 119, 141, 142, 166, 177
Face Milling
........................................................... 101
Reference Model .... 7, 28, 48, 50, 51, 62, 116, 117, 128,
533
Hardness HB ............................................................46
STEP-format
........................................................ 5, 28
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534
X
Units ........................................................................35
V,W
Y-axis ......................................................................18
Workcell .12, 54, 60, 61, 62, 74, 78, 100, 118, 124, 160,
Workpiece ...............................................................50
535