WORK SHO

P
PRACTICE
(ME -105)
DE-43 Mechatronics
Syndicate – C

Lab Title:
Casting.

Week No: 08

Names of Members:

1. NC Haida Ajaz Khan Reg # 394603

2. NC Anoosh Aftab Reg # 372165
3. NC Zaid Mahboob Reg#367375

Submitted to: LE Adnan Shujah

TITLE:

Casting.

OBJECTIVES:
 Introduction to Casting and its types such that the difference between temporary mold
and permanent mold casting.
 Introduction to sand, die and investment casting.
 Types of die casting.
 Allowances
 Difference between the three processes on the bases of surface finish and production rate.
 Effects of properties of sand grains on the quality of product.
 Explanation of terms like flask, cope, drag, core, draft, fillet etc.
 Practice of sand casting.

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS:
 Wear the appropriate protective equipment before using the tools.

 After authorization operate the equipment carefully and efficiently

 Stay alert and focused

 Always remember to disconnect machinery

 Declutter workspace

 Avoid using dull tools

 Keep distractions away

 Report any accident immediately.

WHAT IS CASTING?
A manufacturing technique in which molten material is poured into a mold and then allowed to
cool and harden. A mold includes a hollow cavity of the desired shape. Molds can be permanent
or temporary. The part is ejected or broken out of the mold once it has solidified. "Casting" refers
to the cemented component.
TYPES OF CASTING:
Casting is mainly categorized into two types, based on nature of mold. Other sub-categorizes
are based on mold material, pattern type and molten material injection process.

Sand Casting
Permanent
Pattern Casting
Plaster Mold
Casting
Expendable
Mold Casting
Evaporative
Casting
Temporary
Pattern Casting
Investment
Casting
Casting
Die Casting

Non-expendable Centrifugal
Mold Casting Casting

Pressure Casting

SAND CASTING:
We performed sand casting in the workshop. Sand casting is a process that uses various types of
sand as the mold material. Sand casting is a manufacturing process in which liquid metal is
poured into a sand mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape and then the metal
is left to harden and desired shape is made.
PROCEDURE:
 First take a flask, which has two parts drag and cope. The cope is the top part and drag is
the bottom part.
 Place the drag and pour some powder so that sand doesn’t stick. Then place the job and
pour sand.
 Afterwards level the sand using .Remove the extra sand so it’s nice and flat.
 Now place the cope and fill it up with sand, do make way for pouring the metal and vent.
 Now lift the cope and remove the job and make the runner.
 On the side melt your metal in the furnace.
 Be careful and pour the molten metal in the mold and let it harden. Finally take the
casting out and give it finishing.

FIG 1: mold FIG 2: molten metal

EQIUPMENT USED:
CASTING DEFECTS:
 Blow: A relatively large cavity produced by gases that prevent the molten metal from
filling the mold completely.
 Cold Shuts: A defect produced when two fronts of molten metal do not fuse properly
therefore creating an area of weak strength.
 Shrinkage Cavity: This defect is produced if inadequate shrinkage allowance is given to
the pattern.
 Misrun: Is created when the molten metal does not completely fill the mould either due to
high viscosity or absence of a riser.
 Inclusion: Contamination of the casting by external materials such as slag or chips broken
off from the ladle.

WORK PIECE:
CONCLUSION:
At the end of this lab, we learned how to do sand casting and were introduced with different
types of casting.