Danielle Clarkson

ADMIN-1042

Figure 1 (pngtree, 2017)

THROUGH YOUR EYES

Introduction
Today we are looking at ophthalmology, this is also referred to
as the study of the eye. We will be looking at the functions of
the eye, for example the parts of it, and how the eye operates.
As well as a few diseases pertaining to the eye and the
treatments for them. There are also some preventative measures
to take to keep your vision intact and healthy.
it is in the anterior or front of the eye. It also makes the fluid
otherwise called the aqueous humor in the front of the eye.
Aqueous Humor
Is the fluid in the anterior part of the eye, which is made by the
ciliary body muscles.

Eye Parts
Pupil
This is the black part of the eye, it is a hole in the middle of the iris.
The pupil lets the light in your eye.
Lens
The lens works like a camera, it focuses the light to the retina
so a clear picture reaches the back of the eye. This is located
behind the pupil and iris.
Iris
The iris is the part of your eye that is coloured, it is located
around the pupil. It functions by making the pupil bigger or
smaller, this way different amounts of light can come into the
eye.
Cornea
The cornea is clear and located in the anterior or front of the
eye. As you see in the diagram it is bent, this angles the light
into the eye.
Retina
This is the lining in the back or posterior of the eye and is very
sensitive to light, its function is to obtain the focused light from
the lens, and send signals to the brain. Figure 2 (Visual Dynamix, 2017)
Ciliary Body
This is the part that has muscles functioning to adjust the lens,

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Vitreous Humor
This is in between the lens and the retina, it is a clear gel
substance that fills that space.
Choroid
This part prevents the light from bouncing all over in the eye,
its function is to absorb the extra light between the retina and
the sclera.
Macula
It is located in the retina and controls our colour vision, this
part contains six million cones. The cones are what responds to
bright lights and colours.
Optic Nerve
These nerves are what connect the brain to the retina, this is
how the retina sends signals to the brain. This is how we are
able to see and recognize the images, through the brain.
Fovea
This is also referred to as the fovea centralis, it is located in the
macula and is made up of only cones. Which is how we get the
clearest image possible.
Optic Disk
This is the blind spot of our eye, it has no cones or rods to help
our vision. The rods are what helps our vision function in the
dark. Figure 3 (Cliparts.co, 2018)
Sclera
This is the white part of the eye, it is part of the outer layer of
the eye, or the protective layer.
Conjunctiva
This protects the anterior or front of the eye surface as well as
the inside of our eyelids which are referred to as blephar.

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Eye Diseases
Conjunctivitis
This is when your have inflammation of the conjunctiva, which
is most commonly referred to as pink eye. Children tend to be
most affected by this, which results in missing school until it is
being treated. Conjunctivitis in usually contracted or carried
through bacteria and then touching your eye. Some symptoms
are redness of the sclera, edema or swelling of the eye and
itchiness. Some people get cough and cold symptoms, while
they have this. When having any of these symptoms, its best to
make an appointment with the physician to determine it is
conjunctivitis. They often prescribe antibiotics or
antihistamines and using a warm compress on the eye to relieve
the itchiness.

Amblyopia
This is commonly known as having a lazy eye, some people get
it in both of their eyes. This usually starts when you are a baby,
it can be caught early if you notice the child having crossed
eyes or an abnormal eye alignment. This happens when one or
both of your eyes do not develop at a full rate. When having Figure 4(Category:General,2017)
amblyopia, you could develop vision problems when trying to
focus on the light, usually ends in you squinting to try and see.
A treatment for this is using a patch on the fully developed eye,
therefore making the lazy eye work twice as hard, to correct
itself. This method is used to retrain the eye, some also use
glasses, where the glasses lens on the good eye makes things
blurry, to again help retrain the amblyopia.

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Cataracts
This condition is all about the lens in the eye, its function is to
focus light to the retina. When having cataracts, it makes the
lens blurry or cloudy, which impairs the vision. In most cases,
this starts off as a slow process of vision problems. There are
rare cases where cataracts, is a more rapid process. Some
causes of this are smoking, diabetes and taking certain
medications. A few symptoms are blurry vision, trouble seeing
colour and even double vision. Treatment for this is getting
corrective lenses, using proper light when reading, but in most
cases, cataracts need to be fixed surgically.

Cataracts Surgery
An ophthalmologist is the eye specialist that determines if you
need surgery and the one who does the surgery. Getting this
surgery depends on how bad your vision has gotten with doing
day to day tasks We call this phacoemulsification, this entails
removing or suctioning out the cloudy lens and replacing it
with an artificial lens. First the ophthalmologist will numb the
area by using antistatic or eye drops, before making a small
incision or cut in the cornea. A fluid will then be injected to
support the rest of the structures in the eye. Then an ultrasonic
wave will be used to break up the lens, after which the lens will
be suctioned out. Once the old lens is out it is then replaced
with an artificial lens, that restores vision in the eye. This is a Figure 5(Moadmin, 2018)
day surgery, which usually takes less than 30 minutes and has a
great recovery, only consisting of sensitivity to light and using
eye drops.

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Preventative Care
Washing Hands
Regularly washing your hands is not only good hygiene, but
preventative care. This way your hands are clean which helps
keep bacteria out of the eye. You can get bacteria in your eye
just by touching your eye, so remember hand hygiene.

Eye Exams
Scheduling regular routine eye exams can help you get ahead
of any eye problems you could have. Especially if eye
conditions or diseases run in the family. It is better to be safe,
especially when it comes to your vision.

Protection
Wearing safety eye protection is the best way to protect your
eyes. Whether it be googles, safety glasses, if you are working
in a factory or using a grinder or UV protective sunglasses for
being out in the sun

Quit Smoking
Smoking is a terrible habit for your health altogether, but
especially if macular degeneration, or other eye conditions run
in the family. Macular degeneration can cause you to lose
central vision in both of your eyes.

Healthy Diet
Changing your diet can not only help lose weight, but this also Figure 6(Sorensen, 2018)
helps your vision. Most leafy green vegetables, along with
some fruits and fish will help your vision. Foods that have
vitamins B, C, and E will help the most.

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Conclusion
Therefore, we now know all about ophthalmology, the study of
eyes, how the eye functions, a few different diseases, how the
cataract surgery is done, and especially preventative care. I Ophthalmology Crossword
hope you take the appropriate measures to protect your eyes,
they are very important, so keep yourself informed.

Across
3. Creates a blind spot
5. Coloured part of eye
7. Lining in the posterior of eye
8. Makes the aqueous or fluid
10. Is in the anterior and bent
11. Medial field of vision
13. Has six million cones
14. Clear gel-like
Down
1. Black park of eye, a hole
2. Nerve located in posterior of eye
4. Prevents light from bouncing around
6. Fluid made by ciliary body
9. Posterior of outer eye Figure 7(Variety Games, 2013)
12. Focuses light in eye

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References

Category: General. (2017, July 7). Retrieved from Vescent Diagnostics: https://blog.escentdiagnostics.com/category/calendar-events-
escent-diagnostics/page/3/
Chivers-Roberts, L. (2018). Lecture- Completed- The Eye.
Cliparts.co. (2018). Retrieved from eye diagram: http://cliparts.co/clipart/3824575
Moadmin. (2018). Photochromatic Lenses. Retrieved from Malaya Optical:
http://www.malayaoptical.com/uncategorized/photochromatic-lenses
pngtree. (2017). Retrieved from Blue eyes closeup: https://pngtree.com/freepng/blue-eyes-closeup_3231303.html
Sorensen, T. (2018). Developing a Daily Routine to Maintain Healthy Vision. Retrieved from Rebuild Your Vision:
https://www.rebuildyourvision.com/blog/vision-tips/developing-daily-eye-routine-maintain-healthy-vision/
Staff, H. (2017, March 3). Cataract Surgery. Retrieved from HealthLinkBC: https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/health-topics/hw36326
Variety Games, I. (2013). Make your crossword puzzle here. Retrieved from Instant Online Puzzle-Maker: www.puzzle-
maker.com/crossword_Free.cgi
Visual Dynamix, I. (2017). What is vision therapy? Retrieved from Vision therapy at home: http://visiontherapyathome.com/what-is-
vision-therapy/