Links & Connectors

LINKERS & CONNECTORS

Contrast

 In spite of / Despite: A pesar de

‘He arrived on time in spite of getting up late’

 Although / though/ even though: Aunque

 In spite of the fact that: Pese al hecho de que

‘Although / In spite of the fact that the pupils hadn’t studied, they all passed the exam’.

 However: Sin embargo

 Nevertheless: No obstante
 Even so: Aun así
 In contrast: En cambio

‘He was quite ill however, he went to school’

 But / Still / Yet: Aun, pero

‘The book is short yet interesting’

 On the one hand ... On the other hand: Por una parte... por la otra...

‘On the one hand, I can go to cinema with mi cousin; on the other hand, I can stay and
watch my favourite show on TV.’

 In contrast to / Contrary to / On the contrary: Al contrario

‘Contrary to what people think, he’s a good man’

 Whereas: Considerando que (aunque)

‘An apple juice will make you feel better whereas a beer not so much’

‘Whereas the 78% of the votes were against, we can think it will never happen’

 While: Mientras

‘This film is very interesting, while/whereas that one is quite boring’

 Instead of: En lugar de

‘I will try fish instead of meat.’

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Reason and cause

 Because: Como (porque)

 As: Como
 Since: Ya que
 Seeing that: Viendo que

‘Seeing that it’s late, we should go home’

‘Because it’s late, we should go home’

 Because of + noun: A causa de

 On account of / Owing to: A consecuencia, por culpa, debido a

‘This flood is because of the heavy rain’

 Due to + noun: Debido a

‘This flood is due to the heavy rain’

 Due to the fact that + sentence: Debido a que

‘This flood is due to the fact that it’s been raining all night long’

Purpose

 In order to / So as to: Para, con la finalidad de

‘She uses her video in order to record TV programmes’

 In order that / So that: Para que

‘I’m going to prepare your sister’s luggage so that she can leave early tomorrow morning’

Consequence

 Consequently / As a consequence / As a result: Como resultado, como consecuencia

 For this reason: Por esta razón

‘Consequently / for this reason, it always passes its annual road test’.

 Therefore: Por lo tanto

‘The plane arrived this morning, therefore, the packet already here’

 So: Así que, por lo tanto, entonces

‘This notebook is over so you need to buy a new one’

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Addition

 On top of that: Encima

‘On top of that, he wants to stay one more week’

 Moreover: Además
 Furthermore: Es más, además
 In addition to: Además de
 Besides: Aparte de, además
 What's more: Y lo que es más

‘In addition to soul music, she likes rap‘

‘The new robot can read and, furthermore, it can speak.’

 As well as: Así como

’We sell all kinds of fruit as well as vegetables’

 Apart from / except for

‘Apart from English, she speaks French’.

 Not only... but also: No sólo... sino que además

‘I like Spain not only for the food, but also for the climate ‘

Exemplification

 And so on: Etcétera

‘In this museum you’ll find statues, pictures, and so on.’

 For example / For instance: Por ejemplo

 Such as: tal como

‘This museum halberds works of painters such as Leonardo or Sorolla’

Order and sequencing

First paragraph

 At first sight: A primera vista

 Firstly: Primeramente
 First: En primer lugar
 First of all: Antes que nada

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 In the first place: En primer lugar

 To start with / To begin with: Para empezar

Second paragraph

 In the second place: En segundo lugar

 Second: Segundo
 Secondly: En segundo lugar
 Third: Tercero
 Thirdly: En tercer lugar

Conclusion - Summarizing

 Finally: Por último

 In conclusion: Para concluir
 Lastly: Por último
 And eventually: Y finalmente
 To sum up: Para resumir
 Last but not least: Por ultimo, pero no menos importante
 All in all: En suma
 In brief: En resumen
 In short: En resumen
 On the whole: En general

Narrative sequencing

 After that: Tras eso

 All of a sudden: De repente
 In the meantime: Mientras tanto
 Meanwhile: Mientras tanto
 Next: Luego
 Suddenly: De repente
 Then: Entonces, después
 While: Mientras

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Expressing facts

 Actually:En realidad
 As a matter of fact: de hecho
 In fact: De hecho
 Really: Realmente
 Indeed: Ciertamente, de hecho

Expressing a personal opinion

 As far as I am concerned: Por lo que a mí respecta

 From my point of view: Desde mi punto de vista
 I agree / disagree: Estoy de acuerdo / no estoy de acuerdo
 In my humble opinion: En mi humilde opinión
 In my view: Según lo veo
 I think that Creo que
 It is true that Es cierto que
 Personally Personalmente
 To be honest: Para ser honesto
 To tell the truth: A decir verdad
 According to: Según fulano / de acuerdo con mengano

‘According to Newton, all that goes up eventually goes down’

Explain

 I mean: Quiero decir

‘It’s too soon, I mean, I’m not ready yet’

 That is (to say): Es decir

 In other words: En otras palabras
 Above all: Sobre todo
 All in all: En general
 At least: Al menos
 Basically: Básicamente, fundamentalmente
 Especially: Especialmente, sobre todo
 Essentially: Esencialmente
 In general: En general
 In particular: En particular
 More or less: Más o menos
 On the whole: En general
 To a certain extent: Hasta cierto punto