S T E E L C O M M I T T E E OF CALIFORNIA
T E C H N I C A LI N F O R M A T I O N & P R O D U C T S E R V I C E
COMPOSITE BEAM DESIGNWITH METAL DECK
INTRODUCTION
The American Institute of Steel Construction
(AISC) Specification has long recognized the use of
composite construction. In the Third Edition of the
Manual, 1936, steel beams were entirely encased in
concrete for composite development. The 1963
AISC Specification contained provisions for both en-
cased beams and beams with only a concrete slab on
the top flange. The entire horizontal shear between
the slab and steel beam was assumed to be trans-
ferred by shear connectors welded to the top flange
of the beam.
The composite design provisions of the 1969
AISC Specifications contained provisions for
complete and incomplete (or partial) composite
development. The 1978 AISC Specification was
expanded to include design provisions for composite
construction with formed metal deck. Since most
steel framed buildings use metal decking as part of
the floor system, it was only natural that the
specification recognize this type of construction.
This paper will present typical composite design
examples using metal deck. Both partial and
complete development will be considered. It is well-
known that composite design can reduce the size of
the supporting steel beam and/or keep deflections
within acceptable limits. Realistic savings can often
be made with the use of partial composite action.
AISC Specification
Sections 1.11.5 and 1.11.5.1 of the AISC
Specification pertaining to composite design with
metal deck have been included for a quick reference.
The deck ribs can be oriented perpendicular or
parallel to the steel beam or girder. Design rules for
the deck orientation are summarized in Table 1 (see
page 2, top).
JANUARY 1987
Section 1.11.5. Composite Beams or Girders with
Formed Steel Deck
Composite construction of concrete slabs on
formed steel deck connected to steel beams or
girders shall be designed by the applicable portions
of Sects. 1.11.1 through 1.11.4, with the following
modifications.
1.11.5.1 General
. Section 1.11.5 is applicable to decks with
nominal rib height not greater than 3 inches.
. The average width of concrete rib or haunch,
w r, shall not be less than 2 inches, but shall
not be taken in calculations as more than the
minimum clearwidth near the top of the steel
deck. See Sect. 1.11.5.3, subparagraphs 2
and 3, for additional provisions.
. The concrete slab shall be connected to the
steel beam or girder with welded stud shear
connectors 3/4-inch or less in diameter
(AWS D1.1-77, Section 4, Part F). Studs
may be welded through the deck or directly
to the steel member.
. Stud shear connectors shall extend not less
than I 1/2 inches above the top of the steel
deck after installation.
, Total slab thickness, including ribs, shall be
used in determining the effective width of
concrete flange. ,
6. The slab thickness above the steel deck shall
not be less than 2 inches.
 TABLE 1

AISC RULES - FORMED METAL DECK

ITEM RIBS PERPENDICULAR RIBS PARALLEL

1. Concrete Area Below

Top of Deck NEGLECT INCLUDE

2. Stud Reduction Factor

0 85 Wr Hs Wr
(Nr)l/2 ( • - r ) ( - • r -1) 06 ( - • r - r ) ( • r S - 1 )
3 Maximum Stud Spacing 32 in NOT SPECIFIED

4 Deck Welding 16 m NOT SPECIFIED

5 Minimum Width of R•b 2 m. DEPENDS ON Nr

Typical Design Problems Solution.

Example 1. Design a composite interior floor beam
(no cover plate) for an office building See beam A in 1. Bending Moments:
Figure 1.
a Construction loads: f

Slab = 054 kEps/ft2

Steelbeam(assumed) = 003 "
Total = 057 "

MD-- 2/w____(.057x10x30) (30x12) =770k]pm

B
8 8

BA I
40' b Loads applied after concrete has hardened.
A
wL2 (.13x10x30)(30x12)
ML = 8 - 8 =175Skip-in

(Due to possible actual loading, no reducbon in hve

_• 30' loads were considered for these beams )

c. Mmax = MD + ML= 770 + 1755 = 2525 kip-in.

Figure 1
2 Maximum shear.
Given: Span length, L = 30 ft.
Beam Spacing, s = 10 ft. V = 10( 057 + .13) (30/2) = 28 1 kips
Slab thickness, t = 5.5 m.
Concrete: f'c -- 3 0 ksi 3. Effective width of concrete slab (AISC, para. 1 11 1)
Concrete Weight = 145 pcf (n = 9)
Steel: Fy= 50 ksi b = L/4 = (30 x 12)/4 = 90 inches
3 inch rfietal deck, ribs perpendicular
to beam b = s = 10 x 12 = 120 inches
No shoring permitted
b = 16t + bf = (16 x 5 5) + 6 0 in (assumed) = 94 in.
Loads: Concrete slab including reinforcing
steel and metal deck. . . . . . . . 54 Ibs/ft2 The 90 inch width governs.
Mechanical ...................... 4 "
Ceiling ....................... 6 "
Partition ........................ 2 0 "
Live ............................... 1 0 0 "
Page 2 Steel Tips January 1987
 Section A Y AY
4. Required section moduti:
W18x35 10 3 8 85 91.2
Concrete 25 0 21 95 548 8
For MD + ML, Str= 2525 = 76 5 in 3 353 18.13 6400
33
For MD, Ss - 770 _233m3 Yb =18.13in,ds=18 13 -8 85 =9 28m
33
dc=21 95- 18.13 =3 82in.
Io (For transformed concrete slab) = bh3/12n
5 From the "Composite Beam Selection Table"1 Io = (90) (2 5)3/(12)(9) = 130 m.4
for plain slabs: Io [for steel beam) = 510 in '+
Itr = T• Ad2 + T. Io
Select W18x35, Str = 97 3 m 3 > 76 5 m 3
(required) o k Sectton A d Ad2 Io
W18x35 10 3 928 8870 510
AWl 6x31 beam satisfies the required section Concrete 25 0 3 82 364 8 13
modulus but does not meet the desired depth 1251.8 + 523 = 17748
to span ratio of Fy/800. (See Commentary - Itr = 1775 m.4
Sect 1.13.1)
b Section Moduh'
Sectton properties of W18x35 1775
- 97 9 In.3
Ss = 57 6 in 2 A s 10 3 •n. 2 tf = 425 m.
TM Str - 18 13
Is=510m.4 d = 1 7 7 m , tw= 30m.
St = 1775 = 350 in.3
6. Calculate composite design sechon properties: (3 82 + 1 25)

a. Moment of InertIa. 7 Check concrete stress'

Ac= b(tc) = 90 x 2 5 = 225 in 2 1755 0 557 ksl < 1 35 ksi o k

fc = (350)(9) -
A'c = Ac/n = 225/9 = 25 0 m. 2
Ys = d/2 = 17 7/2 = 8 85 •n
8. Check steel stress:
Yc = d + hr + tc/2 = 17 7 + 3 0 + 2 5/2=21 95 in
Total load Str = 97 9 in 3 > 76 5 In.3 o k
Dead Load Ss --576m3>233m.3 o k
b
b .!

F '1 28(0
Web shear, fy - (17 7) 1 30) = 5 29 ksz < 20 ks• o k

9. Check deflectEons
¥c 5wL4 ML2
-- - -

384EI 1920 I

(770) (30)2 = 0 71 m < 1 00 in o k.

A D - (1920)(510)
Figure 2
(1755)(30) 2 = 0 464 in. < 3'•0 o.k 2
AL= (1920)(1775)

10. Check to determine if shores are required:

(AISC 1.11-2)
1755
Str max = _
( 1.35 + 0.35 7 - - • / (57.6) =124 m.3

124 in.3> 979 in.3

No shores are required.
Flguro 3
2Long term deflection due to creep is not considered
1AISC Manual 8th Edit{on, page 2-109 significant.
Steel Tips January 1987 Page 3
11. Calculate the number of shear connectors Loads: Concrete slab including reinforcing
required for full composite action. steel and metal deck . . . . . 54 Ibs/ft2
Mechanical 4 "
Assume 3/4-•nch diameter by 41/2 inch long studs. Ceiling 6 "
Maximum stud diameter unless located d•rectly over Partition- 20"
the web •s 2 5tI = 2.5 x 0 425 =1 06 m > 0 75 m o k IJve-- 100"
a Total horizontal shear:
Concrete Vh = 0 85f'c • = .85 x 3 x - • = 287 kips
(AISC 1.11-3)
I_
b/n
.I
Steel. =258k, ps
(AISC 1.11-4) d¢
Since the shear due to the steel area is less and
governs, the number of studs will be based on 258 kips.

b. Calculate the stud reduction factor forthe deck nbs

perpend,cular to the beam.
Yb
t d,
-
-mm

t Y s F'"'
Reduct'on Factor - 0 85 (W-•r)¢ r • )
(Nr) l/2 -1 _< 1.0
(AISC 1.11-8)
Figure 5 ,
Assume. Nr = 1, Hs = 4.5 in., wr = 4 m.
Given: hr= 3 m. Soluhon:
Reduction Factor = 0 -1) = 0 565
(1) 1/2 •k3/k3 1. Bending Moments.

q = (11 5) (.565) = 6 5 kips per stud a. Construction loads.

N1 = Vh/q= 258/6 5 = 39.7
Slab = .054 k•ps/ft 2
Use 80 - 3/4 in. diameter by 41/2 tach studs (40 on Steel beam (assumed) -- 0 0 3 "
each side of mid-span). Total =.057"
Example 2. Design a composite intenor g•rder (no Assume steel girder weighs 100 lbs/ft = .1 kap/ft.
cover plate) for an office building. See gmrder B in (Approx. 3 Ibs./ft2)
Figure 1. The 3-inch deck nbs are onented parallel to
the girder. G•rder is assumed loaded as shown in PD = 0.057 kips/ft2 (10) (30) = 17 1 k•ps
Rgure 4.

P P P wL2 PL _-1(40)2(12) (17 1)(40)(12)

w,/ft. MD- 8 + • 8 + 2
/
[
MD = 240 + 4104 = 4344 kip-in.
4 e 10 = 40'
b. Loads applied afterconstruction:

Reduce live load for large area supported by girder.

Ftguro 4 Total dead load = 57 + 3 = 60 •

Given: Span length, L = 40 ft. R = 23.1 (1 + D/L) = 23 1 (1 + 60/130) = 34%

Beam spacing, s = 30 ft. (UBC-1985)
Slab thickness, t = 5.5 m. Live load reduction factor = 34%
Concrete: f'c = 3.0 ksi
Concrete weight = 145 pcf (n = 9) P = 0.13 x 10 x 30 x 0.66 = 25.7 kips.
Steel: Fy = 50 ksi
3 inch rfietal deck, ribs are parallel to girder
No shoring permitted ML = PL = 25.7x40x12 =6168kip-in.
2 2
Page4 Steel T/ps January 1987
 Y b = 2 2 23 m.,ds = 22.23 - 13 4 6 = 8 77m
c. Mmax = MD + ML=4344+6168 = 10512 k•p-m.
c = 31.1 7 - 22.23 = 8.94 in,
!o (For transformed concrete slab) = bh3/12n
2. Maximum Shear. Io = (98)(2.5)3/(12)(9) = 14.2 m.4
Io (For steel beam) = 3270 m.4
V = [(.13 x 66) + (.057 + .003)]30 x 40/2 = 87 5 kips
Itr = [ Ad2 + T• Io

Sechon A d Ad2 Io
3. Effecbvew•dth of concrete slab' (AISC, para. 1.11.1)
W27x94 27.7 8 7 7 2130 3270
Concrete 27.2 8.94 2174 14
b = L/4 = (40 x 12)/4 = 120 hnches
4304 + 3284 = 7588
Itr = 7588 in. 4
b = s = 30 x 12 = 360 inches

b = 16t + bf = (16 x 5.5) + 10.0 in. (assumed) = 98 in.
The 98 tach width governs.
4. Requ:red secbon moduli.
FOrMD+ML ' Str _ 10,512
33
*NOTE. Only the area above the metal deck has been
used to calculate the transformed section properties
A more refined method of using all of the concrete
area is usually not warranted. Neglecting the concrete
in the nb area is slightly conservabve. For thzs
example, takmg all of the concrete into account
decreased the deflection about 5% and the concrete
- 319 m.3 stress about 15%
b. Sechon Moduli

FOrMD, Ss - 4344 =132in.3

33 7588 - 341m3
Str = 2223
5. From the "Composite Beam Selectton Table"3 for
plain slabs: 7588
St= (8 94+1.25) = 745m'3
Select W27x94, Str = 342 in.3 > 319 m.3 (Requtred)

Section properties of W27x94' 7 Check concrete stress:

Ss = 2 4 3 i n 3 A=27.71n2 tf =.745m. fc- 6 1 • = 0 9 2 k s l < 1 3 5 k s i ok.

(745)(9)
Is = 3270 m.4 d = 26.92 m. tw = .490 in.

8. Check steel stress:

6 Calculate composate design section properties
Totalload 'Str=341 m.3>319in.3 o k.
a. Moment of Inertia
Dead load- Ss = 243 m 3> 132 m.3 o.k.
Ac = Concrete above deck (88x2 5) = 220 m 2 87 5
Web shear, fy = (26 92)(0.49) = 6 63 ksi o.k,
Concrete tn deck area (3x44) = 132 m.2
Concrete over girder (10x5 5) = 55 in,2
Total = 407 m.2 9 Check deflections.
AC' = Ac/n = (98 x 2.5)/9 = 27.2 m.2 .
= 5wL4 19PL3
Ys = d/2 = 26 92/2 = 13.46 in. +

Yc =d + hr + tc/2 = 26.92 + 3.0 + 2.5/2 =31.17 in. 384El 384 El

5(.1 )(40)(40)3(12) 3 19(17.1)(480) 3

Section A Y AY
W27x94 27 7 13.46 372 8 = 384(29000)(3270) + 384(29000)(3270)
Concrete 27 2 31.17 847.8
54.9 22.23 1220.6 AD = .0607 +.9867=1.047m. o.k.

19PL3 19(25 7)(480)3 L4

3AISC MANUAL, 8th Ed•bon, page 2-108. =0.639 in. < 360
384EItr - 384(29000)(7588)
"--" 4 Deflection due to long term creep is not considered
sign•hcant.
Steel T/ps January 1987 Page 5
 10 Check to determine •f shores are required. N1 x -1)
(ALSO 111-2) N2= 13 - I ; 13= Str/Ss =341/243=1 4
6168• (243) = 449 m.3
Str max = 1.35 + 0 35 4 3 4 4 ! 46[(4626 X 1 4/6168) -1] =5 75
N2= I 4-1
449 m.3 > 341 m.3 No shores are required
Since 6 studs is less than the number of studs
11. Calculate the numberof shear connectors required for N1, formula 1.11-7 does not apply
required for full composite action.

Assume 3/4 inch d•ameter by 41/2 inch long studs

a Total horizontal shear: Partial Composite Construction

,%. - 407
Concrete. Vh = 0.85f'c -•- = .85 x ;• x -2- = 519 k•ps•
(AISC 1.11-3) Example 3 Design beam A, Example 1, using partial
composite action.
Steel Vh = As __FY = 27.7 x --• = 693 kips
2 Given. Same data as Example 1.
(ALSO 1.11-4)
Since the shear due to the concrete area •s less and Soluhon: Steps 1 through 6 are the same as Example
governs, the number of studs wdl be based on 1. The maximum calculated shear due to dead and Iwe
519 kips. Icad is 28.1 kips Full composite acbon was based on
the steel area, and therefore the honzontal shear •s
b. Calculate the stud reducbon factor forthe deck 258 I•ps as determined by AISC formula 1 11-4
nbs oriented parallel to the girder.
In order to dlustrate the reduchon in the number of
shear studs required, part•al composite acbon wdl be
Reduction Factor= 0 6 ( •r/•hrWr'•-• -1.0) < 1 0 considered 75%, 50%, and 25% development •f ap-
(AISC 1.11-9) propnate. It should be noted that 25% •s the minimum
level permitted by AISC
(wr ) 9 - 3>1.5 a. 75% development
(hr) 3
Serf = Ss + [V'h/Vh]l/2 (Str- Ss) ( AISC 1 11-1)
Since this rabo •s larger than 1.5 no reduction in stud
shearvalue is necessary. (wr was assumed 9 roches, V'hN h = 0 75
the actual w•dth will probably be closer to the flange
w•dth or 10 roches.) Serf = 57.6 + [.7511/2(97.9 - 57.6) = 92 5 m.3

Allowable Icad per stud = 11.5 kips. 92.5 m. 3 > 76.5 m.3 o.k.

NI= 519/11 5 = 45.1 Use 92 studs per girder, 46 on N =V'h/q = (.75 x 258)/6 5 = 29 8
each s•de of mid-span.
c. Due to concentrated loads check stud spacing: Use 60 - 3/4 inch diameter by 41/2 tach long studs
(30 on each side of m•d-span).
Mrnax = 6168 in.-kips at m•d- span
Check Deflection.
Moment at concentrated Icad 10 feet from support:
l e tf = !s + [V'h/Vh]l/2(Itr - Is) (AISC 1 11-6)
M = 3PLJ8 = (3 x 25.7 x 40 x 12)/8 = 4626 in. leps
l e tf = 510 +[.75)1/2(1775-510) = 1606 m.4
Check for N2 (the number of studs required between
the concentrated Icad and the point of zero moment): '•L = (1775/1606)(0 464) = 0 513 m.
(AISC 1 11-7)
0 5131n <L/360= 1 00in. o k.

Page 8 Steel T/ps January 1987

b. 50% development: Example 4. Check girder B to determine if partial
composite action would decrease the number of
V'h/Vh = 0.50 shear studs.

Serf = 57.6 + [.5011/2(97.9-57.6) = 86.1 in.3

Given: Same data as Example 2.
86.1 in.3 > 76.5 in.3 o.k.
Solution: From AISC Formula 1.11-1 - (Assume Serf =
N = V'h/q = (.50 x 258)/6.5 = 19.8 required Sir); rearrange Formula 1.11-1 and solve for
V'h.
Use 40 - 3/4 inch diameter by 41/2 inch long studs
(20 on each side of mid-span). Vh (Serf-Ss)2
V'h=
( s i r ' Ss)2
Check Deflection:

left = 510 + [.5011/2(1775-510) = 1404 in.4 519(319 -243)2

V 'h = (341 -243)2 = 312 kips
AL = (1775/1404)(0.464) = 0.587 in.
V 'h 312
0.587 in. < L/360 = 1.00 in, o.k. - .60 or 60% development
Vh 519
c. 25% development
N = (312)/(11.5) =' 27,1 or 28'studs on each side of
V'h/Vh = 0.25 mid-span

Serf = 57.6 + [.2511/2(97,9 -57.6) = 77.7 in.3 Check Deflection:

77.7 in. 3 · 76.5 in.3 o.k. left = 3270 + [.6011/2(7588 - 3270) = 6615 in.4

N = V'h/q = (.25 x 258)/6.5 = 9.9 '•L = .0639(7588/6615) = 0.733 in.

Use 20 - 3/4 inch diameter by 41/2 inch long studs 0,733 in < L/360 = 1.33 in. o.k.5
(10 on each side of mid-span).

Check Deflection:

left = 510 + [.25] 1/2 (1775-510) = 1143 in.4

5Deflection due to long term creep is not considered
AL = (1775/1143)(0.464) = 0.721 in. significant.

0.721 in. < L/360 = 1.00 in. o.k.

TABLE 2
S U M M A R Y OF STUD REQUIREMENTS
Composite Construction
Full Vh Partial Vh
100% 75% 60% 50% 25%
Beam A
Total Studs 80 60 48 40 20
Required

LL Def. in. 0.464 0.513 0.553 0.587 0.721

Girder B
Total Studs 92 68 56 Will not develop
Required required shear transfer
LL Def.in. 0.639 0.692 0.733

SteelTips January 1987 Page 7

 GENERAL DISCUSSION
Composite construcbon on medium to long spans can
be used to reduce construction costs Where appro-
pnate the use of parbal composite acbon wdl generate ad-
ditional savings As noted in Table 2, 40 to 60% of the
shear studs m•ght be ehmmated when only the studs re-
quired for the assumed loading condibons are consid-
ered
Following are some general observations that should
be cons;tiered when using composite construction.
1 In most cases, composite construcbon should be
constdered for spans 25 feet and longer
2 It •s more economical to use a rolled beam on shorter
spans than a rolled beam with a cover plate Long span
beams or girders fabricated from three plates may have
the bottom flange smaller than the top flange. Be sure
the top flange is large enough to support all constructzon
loads unbl the concrete has obtained its required
strength
3. The composite design tables in AISC for plato slabs
can be used for preliminary estimates of required trans-
formed sechon modulus when using metal deck.
GENERAL NOMENCLATURE
Ac Actual area of effective concrete flange in
composite design (square inches)
Ac' Effecbve area of concrete diwded by modular
rabo (in 2)
As Area of steel beam in composite design On 2)
E Modulus of eiasbcity of steel (29,000 k•ps per
square inch)
Fy Specified minimum yield stress of the type of
steel being used (kips per square inch)
Hs Length of a stud shear connector after welding
(inches)
left Effective moment of inertia of composite secbons
for deflection computations (inches4)
lo Moment of inertia of steel beam or concrete fill for
its effectwe flange width (inches4)
Itr Moment of inertia of transformed composite
section (in.4)
Page 8 Steel Tips January 1987
4 For most cond•bons in steel framed bufid•ngs, only
the concrete above the metal deck need be consJdered
when determining the section properbes Th•s assump-
hon is slightly conservatwe However concrete below
the top of the metal deck •s to be included an calculating
the concrete area for honzontal shear (AISC Formula
I 11-3)
5 References 2 and 3 point out addrt,onal refinements
that can be made to g•ve a more accurate •ndicat•on of
the deflections and stress levels
6 Composite beams should be designed as self
supporting for most bufiding construcbon Except for
unusual condJbons shonng should not be required as ft
is too expensive The shonng may cost more than the
sawngs generated by composite construction
On long spans, consideration must be given to the
weight of addit•onal concrete' due to deflectEon of the
gtrder when no shores are used Girders or beams on
long spans should be cambered to reduce the extra
concrete and dead load due to the members deflection
MD Moment produced by dead load
ML Moment produced byl•ve load
Nr Number of stud shear connectors on a beam En
one nb of metal deck, not to exceed 3 •n
calculations
N1 Number of shear connectors required between
point of maximum moment and point of zero
moment
N2 Number of shear connectors required between
concentrated load and point of zero moment
Serf Effectwe section modulus corres•nding to
partial composite action (inches'•)
Ss Section modulus of steel beam used in
composite design, referred to the bottom flange
(inches3)
t Section modulus of transformed composrte cross
section, referred to the top of concrete (inches3)
 G E N E R A L N O M E N C L A T U R E (cont/nued)
Str SectIon modulus of transformed composite
cross section, referred to the bottom flange;
based upon maximum permitted effecbve width
of concrete flange (inches3)
Vh Total honzontal shear to be resisted by
connectors under full compos;te action (kips)
V'h Total horizontal shear provided by the
connectors mn prowding parhal composIte action
(kips)
b Effectwe width of concrete flange
bf Flange w•dth of rolled beam or plate girder
(Inches)
fc Concrete compression working stress (kzps per
square inch)
f'c Specified compressive strength of concrete
(k•ps per in.2)
REFERENCES
1 Manual of Steel Construction, EJghth EdJtlon, AISC,
Chicago, 1980
2 Effectwe Width Criteria for Composite Beams -
Vallemlla and Bjorhovde, AISC Engmeenng
Journal, 4th Quarter, 1985, Vol. 22, No. 4.
3. Concrete Slab Stresses in Partml Composite
Beams and G•rders - Lorenz and Stockwell, AISC
Engmeenng Journal, 3rd Quarter, 1984, Vol 21,
No 3.
4 Compomte Beams with Formed Steel Deck - Grant,
Slutter and F•sher, AISC Engineenng Journal, 1 st
Quarter, 1977, Vol 14, No. 1.
5 Comparative Tests on Composite Beams wrth
Formed Metal Deck - Allan, Yen, Slutter, and Fisher,
Fntz Engineering Laboratory Report No.
200.76 456.1, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa.,
Dec. 1976.
6. Part•al-lnteraction Design of Composite Beams -
Johnson and May, The Structural Engineer, Vol.
53, No 8, Aug 1975.
fv Computed shear stress (kxps per square tach)
hr Nominal nb height for steel deck (roches)
n Modular ratio (BE c)
q Allowable horizontal shear to be resisted by a
shear connector (k•ps)
tf Flange thtckness (inches)
tw '•V• thfckness (inches)
w r Average w•dth of nb or haunch of concrete slab on
formed steel deck 0nches)
8 Rabo Str/Ss or Serf/Ss
A Displacement of the neutral axis of a loaded
member from •ts posat•on when the member •s
not loaded (inches)
7 Analyszs of Tests of Composite Steel and
Concrete Beams with Mahon Steel Decking -
Errera, Structural Engineenng Department,
Cornell Umvers•ty, Ithaca, New York, Dec 1967
8 Tests of Laghtwe•ght Concrete Members w•th Metal
Decking - Slutter, Fritz Engmeenng Laboratory
Report No 200 68 458 1, LehJgh UnJvers•ty,
Bethlehem, Pa, March 1969
9 Composite Beam Incorporating Cellular Steel
Decking - Robinson, Journal of the Structural
Dwss•on, Amencan Society of Ctvd Engineers, Vol
95, No ST3, March 1969
10 Flexural Strength of Steel-Concrete Composrte
Beams - Slutter and Dnscoll, Journal of the
Structural Division, American Society of Cwd
Engineers, Vol. 91, No ST2, April 1965.
11 Design of Composite Beams with Formed Metal
Deck - Fisher, AISC Engineering Journal, American
Insbtute of Steel Construcbon, Vol. 7, No 3, July
1970.
12 Tests of Composite Beams with Cellular Deck -
Robinson, Journal of the Structural Dw•sion,
American Society of Clwl Engineers, Vol. 93, No.
ST4, Aug. 1967.
Steel T/ps January 1987 Page 9