HIGHWAY DESIGN

1 Design Controls
1.1 Terrain Classification and Right-of-Way (ROW)
It is observed that the cross slope of the ground is less than 10% thus project road passes
through Plain terrain. The terrain is classified by the general slope of the country across
the road alignment. For which criteria given in table 1, IRC: 73-1980 is followed.
The provision of right-of-way width necessitates accommodating the road construction,
adequate drainage provisions, and any other important part of the overall design. Wide
rights-of-way permit the road construction with gentle slopes, resulting in greater safety
for the motorist and provide for easier maintenance. The acquisition of sufficient right-
of-way, at the time of initial construction, permits subsequent widening of the roadway
and the widening and strengthening of the pavement at a reasonable cost as traffic
volumes increase. However, the right-of- way width should not be less than that needed
for all elements of the design cross section and utility accommodation etc.
The details of Typical Cross Sections are shown in in the end of this chapter.

1.2 Type of Project Road

Two lanes road with paved shoulder shall be considered as per Terms of reference.

1.3 Design Capacity

For purpose of design, the capacity of different types of roads will be taken as below :
Details of Capacity
Capacity (Passenger car
Sl. No. Type of road units per day in both
directions)
6,000
1 Intermediate-lane roads having 5.5 m
wide carriage way .

1.4 Design Speed

The project road will be designed for 65 km /50 km per hour speed.
1.5 Roadway width
 The roadway width for intermediate lanes road with Hard shoulder and Earthen
shoulder shall be 8.5 m
2 Horizontal Alignment
2.1 Horizontal Curve
It will consist of a circular portion with spiral transitions at both ends. For deflection
angle less than one degree no curve is required.
2.2 Super-Elevation
Super-elevation required on horizontal curves shall be calculated from the following
formulae: V2

e=
Where: 225R

e = super-elevation (meter per meter)

V = speed (km/hr.)
R = Radius (meter)
Super-elevation obtained from the above formula shall be limited to a maximum of 5%.

2.3 Radius of Horizontal Curve

The radius of horizontal curves is calculated from the following formula:
V2
R=
127(e+f)
Where:
R = Radius (meter)
V = vehicle speed (km/hour)
e = super-elevation ratio (meter/meter)
f = coefficient of friction between vehicle tyres and the pavement (taken as 0.15)
For a speed of 100 km per hour minimum radius is 400m.

2.4 Curves without super-elevation

When the value of super-elevation obtained from the parameters stated above is less
than the road camber, the normal cambered section will be continued on the curved
portion, without providing any super-elevation.
Table 6.7 shows the radius of horizontal curves for different rates of camber beyond
which super-elevation will not be required.
2.5 Transition Curves
These are necessary for a vehicle to have smooth entry from a straight section to a
circular curve. Minimum length of the transition curve will be determined from the
following two considerations and the length of the two values adopted for design.

Rate of change of centrifugal acceleration

0.0215V2
L=
Where: CR

L = Length of transition in meter

V = Speed in km/hr
R = Radius of circular curve in meter
C = 80 (Subject to a maximum of 0.8 and minimum of 0.5)
75+V

Rate of change of super-elevation

L5 = 2.7V2 (for plain and rolling terrain)
R