HIT PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by: -
MUHAMMAD SOHAIB IRFAN
ROLL NO: 15-ME-048

Submitted to: -
Office in Charge & MTI

Department of Mechanical Engineering

HITEC University Taxila
INTRODUCTION
The project which was proposed to me during the internship at HIT Taxila Cantt is the
fabrication of a steam valve made of brass material. In this report the steps of fabrication and
machining are discussed.

What is a steam valve?

Technically, a valve is a device which will control flow of fluid or vapor in any system. In case of steam,
the major applications are to reduce the pressure of the inlet steam for process application. However, in
addition to controlling pressure, a steam control valve will also control temperature.

Boilers will typically work at high pressures, as low pressure operation will result in carryover of water.
High pressure steam has lower specific volume, which will allow pipes to carry less weight. In effect,
distribution of steam becomes easier and cheaper due to the cost reduction in piping and insulation.
Industrial process applications use steam at a lower pressure. The reason for this is that the steam at a
low pressure has higher latent heat, which increases energy efficiency to a large extent. Steam pressure
and temperature are related, and hence temperature is automatically controlled through the control of
steam pressure. The reduction of steam pressure is also related to the required plant safety. Steam
pressure can be controlled by using Steam Control Valve.

What is the principle of operation of a Steam Control Valve?

The old method of throttling flow or using an orifice plate will result in fluctuations of flow rate. The
ideal solution is to adjust the downstream pressure automatically through proportional adjustment of
valve opening. This technique will keep the steam pressure unaltered even during the fluctuations of
flow rate.
Manufacturing of a steam valve:

The manufacturing of a steam valve takes several steps of machining after it is being casted in the
foundry of DESCOM HIT i.e. SHOP 10. The steps are described as follow,

CASTING:

Casting is a manufacturing process in which a liquid material is usually poured into a mold, which
contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed to solidify. The solidified part is also
known as a casting, which is ejected or broken out of the mold to complete the process. Casting
materials are usually metals or various cold setting materials that cure after mixing two or more
components together; examples are epoxy, concrete, plaster and clay. Casting is most often used for
making complex shapes that would be otherwise difficult or uneconomical to make by other methods.

In the foundry the brass metal is melted inside the mold and let it cool into a raw type of shape which
has extended dimensions and a very rough outer surface.

After this the job is brought to the machine shop for machining and different operations are done on the
job which are described as follow,

TURNING:

Turning is a form of machining, a material removal process, which is used to create rotational parts by
cutting away unwanted material. The turning process requires a turning machine or lathe, workpiece,
fixture, and cutting tool. The workpiece is a piece of pre-shaped material that is secured to the fixture,
which itself is attached to the turning machine, and allowed to rotate at high speeds. The cutter is
typically a single-point cutting tool that is also secured in the machine, although some operations make
use of multi-point tools. The cutting tool feeds into the rotating workpiece and cuts away material in the
form of small chips to create the desired shape.

The diameter of the different parts of the job is reduced to the required dimensions as according to the
drawing of the steam valve. For this operation universal turning tool i.e. 03125.05, YTL5 is used.

FACING:

Facing is a lathe operation in which the cutting tool removes metal from the end of the workpiece or a
shoulder. Facing is a machine operation where the work is rotated against a single point tool. A
workpiece may be held in a 3, 4, or 6 jaw chuck, collets or a faceplate.
This operation is done in order to ensure the length of the work piece reduced according to the
dimensions in drawing. A 90 degree side tool i.e.03129.05, YTL5 is used in the face turning.

TAPER TURNING:

Taper turning means, to produce a conical surface by gradual reduction or increase in diameter from a
cylindrical work piece. This tapering operation has wide range of use in construction of machines.
Almost all machine spindles have taper holes which receive taper shank of various tools and work
holding devices.

In this we had to produce taper edges of 30 and 60 degrees for which we used a bent tool i.e. 03147.05,
YTL5.

THREADING:

Screw threads are cut with the lathe for accuracy and for versatility. Both inch and metric screw threads
can be cut using the lathe. A thread is a uniform helical groove cut inside of a cylindrical workpiece, or
on the outside of a tube or shaft.

At the one end of the work piece we are required to do threading for which we check the dimensions
from drawing.

SLOTTING:

Operations Performed on a Slotting Machine: A slotting machine is a very economical machine tool
when used for certain classes of work given as under. The slotting machine can be used to cut slots,
splines keyways for both internal and external jobs such as machining internal and external gears.

At the same end where the threads are made we have to make a slot as per requirement for which we
use a metal slitting tool on the vertical milling machine.

FINISHING:

This one is the last operation which is carried out in order to ensure the perfect smoothness of the work
piece up to 5Δ.
DRAWING OF THE STEAM VALVE:

STEAM VALVE MADE:

THE END