NANOROBOTICS

AND ITS APPLICATION IN MEDICINE

CONTENTS:
 Introduction to Robots
 Robotics
 Nanotechnology
 Nanorobotics
 Nanorobots
 Types of making Nanorobots
 Applications
ROBOTS:
 It is a mechanical or virtual artificial agent usually an
electromechanical machine that is guided by computer
program or electronic circuitry.
 Examples: ASIMO , TOPIO, Nanorobots, Swarm robots
and Industrial robots.
 Types:
1. Mobile robots 2. Rolling robots
3. Walking robots 4.Stationary robots
5. Autonomous robots 6. Beam robots
7. Virtual robots 8. Remote control robots
ROBOTICS:

 It deals with design, construction, operation and

application of robots and computer systems for their
control, sensory feedback and information processing.
 These technologies deal with automated machines that can
take place of humans in hazardous or manufacturing
processes.
 Today, robotics is rapidly growing field, as we continue to
research, design, and build new robots that serve various
practical purpose.
NANOTECHNOLOGY:
 It is the manipulation of matter on an atomic and
molecular scale.
 It works with materials, devices and other structures
with at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100
nanometers.
 With a variety of potential applications,
nanotechnology is a key technology for the future.
NANOROBOTICS:
 It is the emerging technology field creating machines or robots whose
components are at or close to the scale of a nanometer (10-9 meters).

 Nanorobotics refers to the nanotechnology engineering discipline of

designing and building nanorobots, with devices ranging in size from 0.1–
10 micrometers and constructed of nanoscale or molecular components.

 Other names: nanobots, nanoids, nanites, nano-machines, nanomites

NANOROBOTS:
 One of the most advanced forms of nano-medicine is
nanorobots. Nanorobots are microscopic devices measured
on the scale of nanometers.

Fig: A design of nanorobot

with sensors, molecular
sorting rotors and fins
 SENSORS:
A sensor (also called detector) is a converter that measures
a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read
by an observer or by an (mostly electronic) instrument.
 Molecular sorting rotor:
A class of nanomechanical device capable of selectively binding
(or releasing) molecules from/ to solution, and of transporting
these bound molecules against significant concentration gradients.
Fins:
A fin is a surface used for stability and/or to produce lift and
thrust or to steer while traveling in water, air, or other fluid media.
TYPES OF MAKING NANOROBOTS:
1. Nubots
2. Bacteria based
3. Biochip
4. Surface Bound system
5. Positional Nano Assembly
6. Virus based
7. Open Nanotechnology
APPLICATIONS:
 Atomic force microscope
 Nano macro/microscale robots
 Nanomachines
 Toxicity detectors
 Single molecule car
 Nubots
 Medicine
 Dentistry
 Diagnosis and treatment of Diabetes
INTRODUCTION TO HEART BYPASS SURGERY:

• It reroutes the blood supply around clogged arteries to improve

blood flow and oxygen to the heart.

• It involves an incision in the middle of the chest and separation

of the breastbone and detouring ,the breastbone is joined using
wire and the incision sewed.
Side effects of normal heart bypass surgery:
1.loss of appetite, constipation
2.swelling in the area from which the segment of
blood vessel was removed
3.fatigue,mood swings, feelings of depression,
difficulty sleeping
4.muscle pain or tightness in the shoulders and upper
back
PROPERTIES OF NANOROBOT USED:
 It has 2 spaces-interior and exterior
 An electric motor is attached for it’s propagation inside
the circulatory system in the blood vessels
 The microprocessor, artery thermometer, camera, rotating
needle are incorporated
 The microprocessor based control unit is used to control
the overall operations of nanorobot
 Radioactive material is used as a part of exterior surface,
which helps to nanorobot at any period of time
 Magnetic switch is used to provide to switch on and off
nanorobot at any point of time
 Introduction of nanorobot into human
body:
 The nanorobot gets access into the
body through a large diameter artery
so that it may be without being
too destructive in the first place.

Fig. The robot swims through the arteries

and using a pair of tail appendages
 Driving of nanorobot to the site of plaque:
•Long range sensors are used to allow
the machine to navigate to the site of
the plaque closely enough so that the
use of short range sensors is practical
•These are used during actual
operations, to allow the device to
distinguish between healthy and
unwanted tissue
•Long-range sensor-Radioactive dye
•Short-range sensors-Arterial
thermometer Fig: Nanorobot detecting
the site of plaque
•Device for monitoring the whole
operation-TV camera
Source of power and means of recovery:
• The nuclear power is carried onboard to supply required
amount of energy for the operation of the device
• After the nanorobot has removed the plaque, and its function is
over, it has to be removed from the body. This can be made
possible by guiding the nanorobot to anchor a blood vessel that
is easily accessible from outside, and perform a small surgical
operation to remove it.

Fig. Removal of nanorobot

From the body
 CONCLUSION:
 NANOROBOTICS is one of the emerging fields in technology and
robotics.
 Nanorobotics is the technology of creating machines or robots at or
close to the scale of a nanometer (10-9 meters).
 More specifically, nanorobotics refers to the still largely theoretical
nanotechnology engineering discipline of designing and building
nanorobots.
 Nanorobots (nanobots or nanoids) are typically devices constructed of
nanoscale or molecular components.
REFERENCES:
1. Nocks, Lisa (2007). The robot : the life story of a technology. Westport, CT: Greenwood
Publishing Group
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diamond/
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targetted-drugs
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[Online]Available:http://www.cbc.ca/news/health/story/2009/01/07/nanomedicine.html
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[Online]Available:http://www.cancerjournal.net/article.asp?issn=0973-
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Thank You!!