Physics Project Report on Rain

Alarm
Project Report on Rain Alarm
Rain Alarm : Introduction
Rain Alarm is a device which is used to give the information is the
rain is occurring as it gives sound when rain falls between the two
aluminium rods. As the rain drop comes between the two rods the
circuit gets completed and a sound is produced from the speaker
indicating the falling of rain. It can be used in factories, open
godowns where the goods need to be protected from rain. It can
also be used as a water level indicator by fixing the two rods at
desired level when water will reach that level it will automatically
produce sound.

Working of Rain Alarm :

The aluminium tubes (rain sensors) are fixed on plastic plate with a
small distance between them. The plastic plate is immersed in water
taken in a beaker. Presence of water between the aluminium tubes
effects circuit adjustment.
When switch P is closed current flows through the speaker and an
audible note is produced. The alarm is on.
When water is removed from the beaker or the tubes are taken out
of water, alarm becomes dead.
When a rain alarm is set up according to circuit diagram and is
connected to input A-C source then its working starts.
Since when there is no water droplet complete and speaker doesn’t
produce sound. But as soon as rain starts water drop comes
between the two rods the circuit gets completed and speaker starts
giving sound.

Construction of Rain Alarm :

It consists of various components named below :
(i) n-p-n transistor (BC 147)
(ii) p-n-p transistor (2N 6107)
(iii) Resistors (1.5 k, 330 k)—0.25 W
(iv) Capacitor ceramic (0.01 F)
(v) Two rain sensors (aluminium tube of diameter 5 mm anbd length
6 to 7 cm)
(vi) Speaker (5 to 8 )
(vii) Battery (6 V)
(viii) Switch.

Value of Resistances and their percentage accuracy are

indicated on carbon resistance by a colour code printed on
them.

Colour Number Multiplier Colour Tolerance

Black 0 100
Gold 8%
Brown 1 101
Silver 10%
Red 2 102
No Colour 20%
Orange 3 103
Yellow 4 104
Green 5 105
Blue 6 106
Violet 7 107
Grey 8 108
White 9 109
In Series R = R1 + R2 + R3 .........
In Parallel : 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 .........