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Prepared by: Andre‐Paul C. Ampong 1
 Elementary 
El t
Su ey g
Surveying

Omitted measurements
 Omitted measurements
Omitted measurements
The techniques developed in the computation of 
The techniques developed in the computation of
latitudes and departures can be used to supply 
missing course information on a closed traverse
missing course information on a closed traverse 
and can be used to solve any surveying problem 
that can be arranged in the form of a closed
that can be arranged in the form of a closed 
traverse.

Prepared by: Andre‐Paul C. Ampong 3
 Example

B C

Line Distance Bearing

AB 261.27 N 31o22’ E
A BC 322.78 N 79o11’ E
CD 517.66 S 19o59’ W
DA

Prepared by: Andre‐Paul C. Ampong 4
 Example

B C

Line Distance Bearing

AB 261.27 N 31o22’ E
A BC 322.78 N 79o11’ E
CD 517.66 S 19o59’ W
DA

Prepared by: Andre‐Paul C. Ampong 5
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Prepared by: Andre‐Paul C. Ampong 6