Adolescence, these years from puberty to adulthood, may be roughly divided into three stages: early adolescence, generally

ages eleven to fourteen; middle adolescence, ages

between fifteen to seventeen and late adolescence, ages eighteen to twenty-one.
Puberty – is the biological defined period during which a person matures sexually and becomes capable of reproduction. It is period of rapid physical growth and change that
culminates in sexual maturity.
Stages of development
1. Physical development – is defined as the biological changes of adolescence.
2. Intellectual development - refers here to the changes that occur, as a result of growth and experience, in a person's capacities for thinking, reasoning, relating, judging,
conceptualizing, etc. In particular it concerns such changes in children.
3. Emotional development - refers to the ability to recognize, express, and manage feelings at different stages of life and to have empathy for the feelings of others.
4. Social development - refers to the process by which a child learns to interact with others around them. As they develop and perceive their own individuality within their
community, they also gain skills to communicate with other people and process their actions.
Erik Erickson’s Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development

Stage Approximate age Virtue Successful outcome Unsuccesful outcome

INFANCY 0-2 Hope Children develop a sense of trust Failure at this stage leads to a
in the world and the people who sense of distrust in the world and
are supposed to care to them. do not believe that others are
dependable.
TODDLER/EARLY CHILDHOOD 2-4 Will Children develop a sense of Children may be left with feelings
YEARS independence and personal of doubt and shame over their
control own responsibilities.
PRESCHOOLER 4-5 Purpose Kids develop a sense of purpose Children are left with feelings of
and the motivation to try new guilt and a lack of initiative.
things.
SCHOOL AGE CHILD 5-12 Competence Success leads to feeling of Failure leads to feeling of
competence inferiority
ADOLSCENT 12-19 Fidelity Teens develop a strong sense of Teens may emerge from this
self. stage not sure who they are.
YOUNG ADULT 20-40 Love adults are able to form loving and Failure at this stage can lead to
lasting relationships with others. feelings of loneliness and
isolation.
 MIDDLE-AGED ADULT 40-65 Care Contributing to the world helps Failure at this stage may lead
adults feel a sense of people to feel uninvolved is the
accomplishment world
LATE ADULT 65-death Wisdom Older adults look back on their Failure at this stage may lead
lives with a sense of satisfaction. people who look back at their
lives with regret, sorrow and
bitterness.

Howard Gardner’s Multiple intelligence

 Verbal-Linguistic Intelligence: Well-developed verbal skills and sensitivity to the sounds, meanings and rhythms of words.
 Mathematical-Logical Intelligence: The ability to think conceptually and abstractly, and the capacity to discern logical or numerical patterns.
 Musical Intelligence: The ability to produce and appreciate rhythm, pitch and timbre.
 Visual-Spatial Intelligence: The capacity to think in images and pictures, to visualize accurately and abstractly.
 Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence: The ability to control one's body movements and to handle objects skillfully.
 Interpersonal Intelligence: The capacity to detect and respond appropriately to the moods, motivations and desires of others.
 Intrapersonal Intelligence: The capacity to be self-aware and in tune with inner feelings, values, beliefs and thinking processes.
Different challenges in middle and late adolescence
1. Biological challenges
2. Cognitive challenges
3. Psychological challenges
The challenges a Filipino adolescent face
-Attitudes and behavior toward sexuality and sexual relationships
-Academic concerns
-Group belongingness
-Health and nutrition
-developing or regaining self-esteem
-roles
-material poverty
-parents working abroad
-career choice
-relationships
-Values and beliefs

Stress -is your body’s response to certain situation. Stress is a situation that triggers a particular biological response. When you perceive a threat or a major challenge, chemicals
and hormones surge throughout your body.

Stress triggers your fight-or-flight response in order to fight the stressor or run away from it. Typically, after the response occurs, your body should relax. Too much constant stress
can have negative effects on your long-term health.

Kinds of stress
1. Physical Stress
A common type of stress is physical stress, which refers to actual physical activities and events that wreak havoc on the human body.
2. Emotional Stress
Out of all the different kinds of stress, emotional stress is the most common. This can occur after you go through an intense break up or divorce, lose a loved one,
have a fight with your spouse or experience any other problem that causes you to feel depressed or anxious. Emotional stress often manifests in the same way that
depression does. You may experience weight changes, changes in how you fall asleep or how long you sleep, feelings of isolation and mood swings. Emotional stress
can also occur when you feel overwhelmed at home or at work.
3. Traumatic Stress
stress is a type of stress that occurs because of some type of trauma to the human body and may lead to intense pain, coma or even death. It often relates to some
kind of physical change that occurs. If you went through an operation, your body may experience stress until you recover from that surgery. A car accident, second
or third degree burns or even a case of pneumonia may all cause traumatic stress.
4. Acute stress
Acute stress is the most common form of stress. It comes from demands and pressures of the recent past and anticipated demands and pressures of the near
future. Acute stress is thrilling and exciting in small doses, but too much is exhausting.
5. Episodic acute stress
There are those, however, who suffer acute stress frequently, whose lives are so disordered that they are studies in chaos and crisis. They're always in a rush, but
always late. If something can go wrong, it does. They take on too much, have too many irons in the fire, and can't organize the slew of self-inflicted demands and
pressures clamoring for their attention. They seem perpetually in the clutches of acute stress.
6. Chronic stress
While acute stress can be thrilling and exciting, chronic stress is not. This is the grinding stress that wears people away day after day, year after year.
Chronic stress comes when a person never sees a way out of a miserable situation. It's the stress of unrelenting demands and pressures for seemingly interminable
periods of time. With no hope, the individual gives up searching for solutions.
Types of stress: Positive and Negative Stress
a. Eustress
This kind of stress positively affect our activities; it is a type of short-term stress that increases our immediate strength. Eustress is affecting us at times of
creativity, physical activity, enthusiasm or excitement. This positive stress aids individual in motivation and inspiration to finish certain project or creative
thinking when completing a task. Eustress is present almost everywhere that inspiration or motivation are required. For athlete this stress arises before the
competition, for some it may arise during a joy ride on rollercoaster, for others it may arise when watching exciting movie.
b. Distress
Negative stress arises because our normal routine is constantly altered and adjusted, while we try to adapt to new situation we are faced with distress. Distress
usually causes feelings of discomfort, anxiety and unfamiliarity. We are faced with distress when we are in the new workplace and we didn't adjust to the
situation yet.
c. Hyperstress
Individuals that are over-working or pushed beyond their capabilities are often faced with hyper stress. When someone is hyper stressed, his tolerance to
stressful situation is lowered and even the smallest things can irritate him and stimulate forceful emotional response.
d. Hypostress
Hypostress develops in situations when individual is bored, doesn't face a challenge and lacks enthusiasm. It is the opposite of Hyperstress mentioned above.
Individuals that face hypo stress are constantly uninspired and spiritless. Worker in a factory that has repetitive routine might become Hypo stressed.
How to manage stress
a. Take a break from stressor
b. Exercise
c. Smile and laugh
d. Get social support
e. meditate