ETHICS - Healthier self-love enhances wider capacity to love

2nd Shifting  self-compassion by Buddhists

Unit 1 - Aristotle: “All friendly feelings for others are on
extension of man’s feelings for himself
Philosophy – the science that by natural light of reason
studies the first causes or highest principles of all things  Agape – selfless love, love for everyone
- Philo (Greek) – Love - Love extended to all people, whether family
- Sophia (Greek) – Wisdom members or distant strangers
- Queen/mother of all sciences - Caritas (Latin) – origin of the work charity
- Love of wisdom - Gift love – the highest form of Christian love
- Metta or universal loving kindness in Thervada
6 WORDS OF LOVE (knowing them can change your Buddhism

life)
Don Juanism – desire of man to have sex with many
 Eros – named after the Greek god of fertility
different female partners
- Sexual passion and desire
- Grounded on material foundation
Manic – obsessive love
- Dangerous, fiery and irrational form of love that
could take old of you and possess you
LESSON FROM THE GREEKS
 Philia – deep friendship  To nurture the varieties of love and tap into it many
- Love that Greeks valued more than the base sources
sexuality of Eros  Don’t just seek Eros, but cultivate Philia by
- Concerned the deep comradely friendship that spending more time with old friends, or develop
developed between brothers in arms Ludus by dancing the night away
- Showing loyalty to your friends, sacrificing for  Moreover, we should abandon our obsession with
them, sharing your emotions with them perfection
- Genuine love in real friends  Don’t expect your partner to offer you all the
- Storge – embodied the love between parents and varieties of love all the time (with the danger that
their children you may toss aside a partner who fails to live up to
your desires)
 Ludus (Latin) – playful love
- Concerns the playful affection between children or PHILOSOPHY AS WISDOM
casual lovers (Ovid – Roman poet)
 Wisdom vs. Knowledge
- Example: flirting and testing in the early stage of
 Reflective Thinking vs. Reflexive Thinking
relationship
 Concepts of Sophia
- Social norms may frown on this kind of adult
frivolity
- Little more ludus just be what we need to spice up SOPHOMORE
our love lives  Sophos – wise
 Moros – follow
 Pragma – longstanding love
- Described as a mature, realistic love that is PHILOSOPHOS – lover of wisdom
commonly found among long-established couples
 Pythagoras
- Making compromises to help the relationship work
- Philosophers – to understand what life is really
over time
about
- Showing patience and tolerance
- Amphitheater
- Stand in love – making an effort to give love rather
than just to receive it
Groups of People Real Life
- Being serious dose if pragma in relationships
Lovers of fame Lovers of fame
Lovers of gain Lovers of gain
 Philautia – self-love
Lovers of spectacle Lovers of wisdom
- Narcissism – becoming self-obsessed, or focused on
personal fame and fortune
Philosophy – science that natural light of reason
- Rationality
- Study of all things
- A philosopher does NOT limit himself/herself to a
particular object of inquiry
- First cause or highest principle
PRACTICAL USE OF PHILOSOPHY
 Skills acquired by studying philosophy can be useful
in all careers
 The main benefit, however, lied in learning to
thinking in an organized way about confusing and
controversial questions
 To react to criticism not with outrage or fear but
with a willingness to state the grounds for one’s
views and to listen and learn from the views of
others
Socrates – an unexamined life is not worth living
- Philosophy – self-examination (conceptual analysis)
o Queen/mother of all sciences
PERSIAN PROVERB
 “He who knows NOT and knows NOT that he knows
NOT is a FOOL – shun him
 He who knows NOT and knows that he knows NOT
is a CHILD – teach him
 He who knows and knows NOT that he knows is
ASLEEP – wake him
 He who knows and knows that he knows is WISE –
follow him.”
BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
 Logic – study of argument and reasoning
- Studies right reasoning and argumentation
- Rules and rubrics to correct our reason
- Ability to discern our reasoning
- Questions:
o Do all claims have a truth value?
o What is an argument?
o What is a good and bad argument?
 Epistemology – episteme
- Study of human knowledge and the conditions that
make knowledge possible
- investigation of knowledge or deep within the truth
and validity of a claim
- Nature, resources, limitations and validity of
knowledge
- Theory of knowledge
- Questions:
o What does it mean “to know”?
o What can we know?
o What is the difference between knowing
and believing?
o How do you know that you know?
o How much evidence does one need for a
belief to be considered knowledge?
- Traditional Epistemology
o Knowledge – JTB formula: justified, true,
belief
 Socio-Political Philosophy
- Polis (state)
- On legal issues, political systems, types of
government
- State and government
- Current events in politics and society
- Executive, legislative, judiciary
- Questions:
o What type of government is just?
 Metaphysics – concerned with the nature of ultimate
reality
- Meta – beyond
- Investigates the existence of universe and all of
things
- Heart of philosophy
- Ontology – onto-being – reality about the self
- Cosmology – cosmos-universe – explanation of
origin, structure and processes governing the
universe
- Theodicy – theo-god – philosophy of religion
o Theology – religious study of God
o Theodicy – philosophical study of God and
rationalize/fresh out by reality
- Questions:
o How did the universe come into
existence?
o What is existence and non-existence?
o What kinds of things exist in the universe?
o Does God exist? Do souls exist?
 Aesthetics – philosophy of art
- Nature of beauty and criteria of artistic judgment
- Art and its extent
- Euphemism – influenced by aesthetics
o Terms that less offensive than counterpart
- Questions:
o What makes an ‘art work’ art?
 Ethics – ethos – norms/mores
- Moralis – Latin for morality – customs or manners
- Explores the nature of moral virtues and evaluates
human actions
- Right and wrong
 - Moral, immoral, amoral
- Studies what actions are morally right and wrong
- Wrong – when you do harm with other people
- Non-maleficence – do NO harm
- Questions:
o Is there right and wrong?
o Is right and wrong same for everyone?
o What makes an action morally right and
wrong?
o How can we know what is morally right
and wrong in any given situation?

PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS

 Philosophy – philia/sophia – love or friend of wisdom
 Philosophers try to be a friend of wisdom by asking
questions and studying why something is the case
 Ethics – seeks wisdom by asking about right and wrong,
good or bad
 Philosophical Ethics – study of what makes something
moral or ethical, good and right, and unethical or
immoral, bad or wrong
- Triage – urgency/priority case, scarcity of resources