Evolution of ICT in The Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
MABALACAT, CITY
REGION III
MABALACAT NATIONAL SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO SUBD. DAU, MABALACAT CITY, PAMPANGA
EVOLUTION OF ICT IN THE PHILIPPINES
A research proposal submitted to

Dr. Vilma Tacbad
Practical Research II Adviser
Mabalacat National Senior High School
City of Mabalacat, Pampanga
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for

Practical Research II
By:
Noeme Laude
Angel Luis Castillo
Lester Alama
Anderson Villamil
ICT-12 Torvalds
October 2019
Evolution of ICT in the Philippines 2
Chapter I
Problem and Its Background
Introduction
Evolution of ICT has opened the lines of communication and enhanced
networking between nations, states, local governments, businesses, and individuals.
International economic and political climates responsible for shaping global social order
continue to use new technologies as vehicles for achieving their goals. Information
communication technology has revolutionized world trade and has been identified as the
reason for an intensified global market, the rise of globalization, and greater competition
between countries. The product of the relationship between international market forces
and political interest is public policy that includes technology as a key component in
strategies for improve. Public institutions that fail to implement these policies prompt law
that demands oncoming action. During the mid 1990s policy reports began to present
education technology as a driver of school reform, rather than as a class of tools and
resources that could be used to assist with educational challenges (McMillan Culp,
Honey, & Mandinach, 2003). In this way, technology may be viewed as responsible for
the change that has occurred in the past, and the source for change in the future.
According to U.S. Department of Education (2000),Technology has played a
valuable role in the changes that have taken place through out the history. Milestones has
pass since the invention of the light bulb, radio, television, the man in space, personal
computing, the invention of floppy disc, DVD’s, and the Internet have caused technology
to become so deeply engrained in modern society. The rate of advances in science
technology has dramatically increased since the arrival of the radio, which took 38 years
before 50 million people tuned in. Television took 13 years to attract the same amount of
viewers and personal computer took nearly 16 years to reach this level of use. The
internet however, was in 50 million homes in less than 4 years, and some have predicted
that there will be a billion users by the end of the next decade.
Internationally, the spread and appropriate of ICTs is a key globalization driver
and knowledge carrier. ICT’s also help to accelerate the pace of sustainable human
development and to increase the effectiveness of new and more responsive solutions in
the fields of health, education and related MDG focus areas (UNDP, 2005). In this
circumstances, societies need to build communication systems and manage them well,
develop infrastructure and the capacity to use it, and implement good policy and
regulation. In the right environments, both business and non-profit enterprise are effective
in rapidly expanding, and even schools have to enculturate students to be lifelong
learners. Students need to learn how to seek out new information, thin critically and show
initiative to meet up with the challenges of the fast changing world.
ICT in the Philippine History played a very important role that help Filipinos into
main goal, and it was to condemn the misuse of the Priority Development Assistance
Found (PDAF) and this proved to be successful and is now adopted by more
organizations in the Philippines. Information and Communication Technology(ICT) has
become and will continue to be integral part of the day to day life of every Filipino across
levels of our society. Over the ages, people have used it to gain a more accurate picture of
their current situation, make better decisions for the future, and improve the quality of
their lives. But never has information been more accessible and more widespread than it
is today.
The rapid growth of the global economy and the information based society has
pressurized education systems around the world to use ICTs to teach the knowledge and
skills they need in 21st Century(World Bank,2004). The growth of ICT sector has
challenge teachers to prepare for effective use of the teaching and learning tools in their
teaching profession. There are significant benefits of using ICT as part of teaching and
learning process as long as teachers recognize the relationship between the use of ICT
and overall curriculum. (Haddad and Dexter, 2005), point out that different ICTs do make
some valuable contribution to some parts of educational development and effective
learning through expanding access, promoting efficiency, improving the quality of
learning, enhancing quality teaching and improving management system.
According to Gartner Dataquest (2004), ICT growth 8% through the years and
former group is seen maturing, Worldwide demand for ICT-based services has more than
doubled in the last five years, with the US(54%) and Europe (32%) as the major markets.
The latest improvement in ICT have been impressive, computers are progressively
becoming smaller, more affordable, and more powerful. They are now capable of storing
an almost wide amount of data and information and also they are interconnected through
telephone lines, satellites and fiber optic cables that span across the world, allowing the
ability to communicate and share information with one another across borders. According
to Kraemer and Dedrick (2001), every country or region has the ability to compete in the
new global market for the new products and services that depends on the ICT for the
product to be supported. The general communication technology around the world
obliged that government embark on a cohesive and coordinate strategy on how to prepare
its citizens to survive, live and develop in the digital world.

This paper first argues for a more holistic approach to study of ICT in schools. It
then adopts a sociocultural perspective and proposes a theoretical framework based on
the activity systems (Engestrom, 1987) as a unit of analysis that is surrounded by
different levels of ecological circles (Cole,1995). As ICT enters the sociocultural setting
of the school, it “weaves itself into learning in many more ways than its original
promoters could possibly have anticipated” (Papert, 1993). It may trigger changes in the
activities, curriculum and interpersonal relationships in the learning environment, and is
reciprocally affected by the very changes it causes (Solomon, 1993). From this
perspective, ICT is a mediational tool incorporated within learning environments with
authentic goals and purposes for students, and settings that are explicitly interpreted with
other experiences of knowing and understanding as they get organized at other times.
ICT evolution is not only adopt in school but also in work such as call center
industries that today Philippines is the most dominant in the world, skipping its close
competitor. According to a roadmap drop by the IT and Business Process Association of
the Philippines (IT-BPAP), Annul revenue could more than double from 9 billion in 2010
to 25 billion in 2016 equivalent to 10 percent share of the global market. The evolution of
ICT did not just upgrade the technologies but it also cost the people worth of money. This
demands that benefited the technology company are slowly become the mainstream in
industries such as banking, education, the government, and even at home. Technologies
became the life center of every people: adults and even children’s.
Therefore, research studies in ICT need to shift their attention towards the whole
configuration of events, activities, contents, and interpersonal process taking place in the
context that ICT used. Such studies are particularly critical to educational research were
the object of its question is not simply or easy knowledge but a useable knowledge that is
“responsive to the current or emerging needs of the practitioners and ultimately to the
solution of the professional and social problems” (Richey,1998). The Philippines adopts
the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) definition of
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) which refers to a combination of
manufacturing and service industries that electronically captures, transmits and displays
data and information. ICT is commonly used in home, offices and specially in schools,
for schools they focused on developing a new ways to organize curriculum content,
instructional programs and assessment plans. The teacher standard will help them to
design curriculum, instruction, and assessment on the basis of the importance on the
learners(Steiner,2000). ICT has the potential to improve the student learning outcomes
and effectiveness for it enhance the study learning of the students because of the high
access in the technology and allows easy access to the needed information.
Despite that public school in the Philippines are not really equipped in terms of
technology, the ICT literacy and ownership of gadgets have increased. But Philippines
became the media capital of the world, and the numbers continue to prove it. According
to the latest statistics from We Are Social Filipinos now spend the most of their time in
online compared to the rest of the world and Researchers also discovered that in the Asia
Pacific most of the Filipinos spend their time on social media sites, averaging 3.4 hours a
day. Based on the UN’s State of Broadband report (2015), 39.9% are able to use the
internet. This is the slight from 2014 figures, although our global ranking remains fixed at
106 out of 191 countries.

The evolution of ICT here in the Philippines has brought Filipinos on focusing the
social media because of the technologies that has been introduce such as cellphones,
computers and Internet because of it Philippines became the Internet breaking by pushing
hundreds of millions of information that need to look beyond. Filipino’s reliance on
Information Communication Technology or ICT was increasing through the years and it
also means that Philippine country now have a huge wealth of data in hands. Its vision is
to have an digitally empowered, prosperous society where people has reliable, affordable
and secure information access in the Philippines that the public sector would benefit the
most from strong and effective ICT improvement. Because of the evolution of ICT,
Philippines became the global spotlight in terms of impressive economic growth.
Statement of the Problem
The following questions guided the investigation to the Evolution of the ICT in
the Philippines and aim to answer the following questions:
1) How may the evolution of ICT in the Philippines be described?
2) How may the History of the evolution of ICT helps improve the following:
a. Information
b. Communication
c. Technology
3) What are the contributions of the ICT graduates in the Philippines in terms of
technology as a whole?
4) What is the impact of the result of the study to the SHS students of MNHS?
Significance of the Study
ICTs have the potential to play a powerful role in enhancing teaching and learning
in schools and preparing students to acquire skills, knowledge and competencies to
enable them compete in the emerging global ‘knowledge’ economy. Data and information
obtained in this study would hopefully be used to provide various education stakeholders
with information that ICT integration in schools held a great promise in developing
economies like Pampanga. The findings could also help the education in formulation of
policies and strategies that can be used to enhance the academic standards in schools. The
study will also make possible recommendation towards increasing the use of ICTs in
enhancing teaching and learning processes.
In addition, the study provided information to curriculum developers on the
benefit of computers as an instructional mode. Furthermore, MNSHS might benefit by
determining which approach of instruction can lead to better achievements in
examinations. Finally, the study can also help other researchers and educational
administrators in strengthening the educational theories behind ICT use in schools.
Scope and Delimitation
Marshall Mcluhan coined interm ‘global village’ (1962) was referring to the
removal of space and time barriers in human communication as a result of the
communication revolution taking place. Today we are living in a global village in every
sense of term. ICT services include software and application development network
engineering and maintenance, and more recently, call centers, medical and legal
transcription, animation, and various ntinue and the race to provide services especially in
Asian countries will have significantly on both users and suppliers worldwide. The use of
ICT assist in sharing information effectively and delivering better services to the public.
ICT can potentially impact almost every part, making development budgets, private
sector and commitments.
The study is delimited to the development of ICT in the Philippine on how its
enable society to have an access to the technologies that will provide quality education,
efficient government service, greater source of livelihood, and a better way of life.
Definition of Terms
ICT- Stand for Information and Communication Technology is an umbrella term used to
encompass all rapidly emerging, evolving and converging computer, software,
networking, telecommunication, internet, programming and information system
technology.
Telephone lines- Telephone lines are fixed telephone lines that connect a subscriber’s
terminal equipment to the public switched telephone network and that have a port
on telephone exchange. Integrated services digital network channels and fixed
wireless subscriber are included. It delivers landline telephone services and digital
subscriber line phone cable services to premises. Telephone overhead lines are
connected to switched telephone network.

Satellites- It is an object, a machine that sent into space and that moves around the earth,
moon, sun, or a planet. Satellites is the one that people use to get signals for the
technologies around the globe, it is the main reason why people can contact each
other even in miles away, it is also use in viewing television, radio, and the things
that has a radioactive waves.
Fiber optic cables – Very thin strand of pure glass which acts as a wave guide for light
over long distance. It uses principle known as total internal reflection. It is a
transparent fiber made by drawing glass or plastic to a diameter slightly than that
of a human hair.
Computer- An electronic machine that can store and work with large amounts of
information. Computer not only use to get information it also for fun such as
games. Computer is a programmable electronic device that can store, retrieve and
process data that people somehow use in works and schools for information,
games, and entertainment.
Software- The program that run on a computer and perform certain functions. Software
is the programs and other operating information used by a computer, it is used in
associate hardware and it is also a material that use for an audiovisual equipment.
Networking- The exchange of information or services among individuals, groups, or
institutions; specifically: the cultivation of productive relationship for
employment or business.
Internet- An electronic communication network that connects computer networks and
organizational computer facilities around the world global computer network
providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of
interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols.
Programming- The act or job of creating computer programs. It is a job for
accomplishing a specific computing task, designing and building executable
computer program.
Chapter II
Review of Related Literature and Studies
This Chapter includes a review of literature and studies which have significant
relationship and similarities with the present day. The researchers made a review of
different studies and literature found in different articles such as unpublished thesis
journal, books, materials found in the internet and other related sources where likewise
review in the recent studies. This chapter also contains of theoretical and conceptual
framework of the study.
Related Literature
Foreign
The conditions of ICT utilization in education has been studied by UNESCO
(2005). An examination of countries in the Asia-Pacific region has shown that ICT is not
being used to its full potential in enhancing the quality of teaching and learning. There
are technical and capacity-related barriers that need to be overcome. Many countries of
the region do not make use of ICT at all in their education system due to technical
barriers such as lack of infrastructure, equipment and internet connectivity.
ICT is used simply as a supplement for existing pedagogical practices. In order to
fulfill the potential of ICT as a tool for enhancing teaching and learning, ICT must be
fully integrated into pedagogical processes, which requires a cognitive shift on the part of
policy makers, educators, curriculum developers, and administrators (Amirin, 2007).

ICT service advantage needs a continuous pool of manpower recognizes the need to
incorporate IT in the basic levels of education by providing computers to public schools.
ICT literacy and ownership of gadgets have increased in every facet of life are
getting online. According to Smith (2013), that 93.9% of the nation’s online users signed
up for a social networking site. There are over 33 million Filipino Internet users and 1.5
million broadband subscribers. Hence, there are 30.987 million people who signed up for
a social networking site since 2012. It is not surprising that people are top Internet user
in Southeast Asia, in the world.
The Sun Life Financial Study found that young professionals, ages 23-35 years
old, were found to be spending most of their finances on gadgets (Burgonio, 2013).
Families have an average of a whopping 10 gadgets per family – and these gadgets are
used primarily for personal communication (Macanas, 2011). It seems that society
emphasizes providing students with personal computers, laptops or IPads. Although these
may be good charitable actions, what could affect learning in the classrooms more is
making sure that every teacher has these technology tools too.
For one, there are mixed results in student improvement studies where students
were provided laptops and computers in Maine, Michigan and Texas in the United States
as well as in New South Wales, Australia (Aning, 2013). However, teachers are stuck in
using ICT that the school has provided or was donated to them instead of buying their
own. This is especially true in rural areas where there is less access to internet and other
ICT equipment.
Local
Philippine economy could grow faster by the technologies that has been evolved
or develop nowadays, because of the mindset people has, life became better and it
became easy to get some information and data. According to Gatpolintan (2018),
technology can grow Philippine economy 10% faster; provided that emerging
technologies, knowledge and the Fourth Industrial Revolution can be utilized to
accelerate productivity. Society have not yet fully utilized the existing technology but
Philippine are fast growing economy so somehow if some potential business man can
actually realized on investing properly in certain areas and part of it will be ICT
(information communications technology), technical areas, but part of it will also be in
other skills, soft skills where potentially these will not be replaced by automation.
Other academic institutions, however, have explored the potential of mobile
devices such as cell phones for education purposes. These initiatives tend to be geared
towards their traditional face-to-face instructional offerings. Such is the case of the
text2teach project of the Department of Education, which integrates digital satellite
broadcasts and mobile phone communications, to deliver science materials via video
broadcast directly from the classroom (Domingo, 2006). Research and development in
country’s technology are now leading to new and potential of further research, which
educators should explore to provide learners with more innovative and practical methods
of delivering education at distance even though it is clear that technology has a potential
to used such as cellphones but its still has a limitation.

Use of ICT is also reshaping university cultures. A school’s culture is defined by
its pattern of relationships and of management of resources. In recent years, the culture of
teaching has shifted from that of being the ‘sage on center stage,’ to that of being a
learned facilitator, a dynamic called ‘learner-centered’ pedagogy (Garcia,2002). Clearly,
the culture of learning has shifted from the culture of students passively listening in a
classroom where attendance matters, to the culture of proactive reading, encoding and
decoding anytime, anywhere. One of the example of learned facilitator is online tutors
that have a greater responsibility to ensure that all voices are recognized and respected
and must consider all opinions when integrating messages or making concluding
statements that most teachers must aim.
Librero (2006) observed that conventional universities are now using ICTs
to achieve ‘blended learning’ environments, which blend traditional face-to-face
classroom delivery with distance delivery. Universities nowadays are starting to think and
operate like businesses; they are seeking to take advantage of emerging opportunities to
‘earn lots of money’ via online learning and this approach increase the sources of learning
materials that learners must have, also changing image of universities as a result
incorporating ICT into its educational offerings became more interesting.
School administrators must also make the effort to redirect and lead their
organization as a “learning organization and review and articulate new performance
standards” (Rapatan, 2002). The growth of ICT in education has given rise to new
concepts and realities that are only now becoming mainstream. The concept of
socialization in DE settings, for instance, is often technology-mediated and for many
students, the only mode of socialization available to them. Time and space stay to matter
in terms of social and transactional distances. The concept of the teacher has
fundamentally challenged to include various elements like tutors, technical support,
learning packages – all further evidence of ICTs influence in education.
Foreign
Masagca and Londerio (2008) concluded “the issues and problems presented are
mostly related to the economic aspects, costs, administrators’ attitudes towards the use of
ICT, quality of information and on the issue of commercialism. Finally, the teacher-
participants innovative programs are mostly focused on the individual needs of the pupils
and on the career services, but not on the ways to improve the professional
capabilities…” Hence, there was no mention of the need to integrate ICT to help the
student develop higher order thinking skills.
Another, related study is that of Cajilig (2009) who studied the integration of ICT
in Math teaching of Public Secondary Schools. Her study involved seven public high
schools in Quezon City, wherein she personally administered her questionnaires to the 111
Math teachers (n=111). She used a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches
to gather data. She used t-test and F-test to analyze data and to arrive at her findings.
Bringula et al (2012), on the other hand, showed that computer ownership does not
necessarily mean more internet penetration. Bringula et al (2012) study showed that out
of all demographic variables concerning visitation and use of cyber cafes, only computer
ownership was not significant. In one way or the other employment, gender, educational
background, age, religious affiliation, civil status and monthly family income all came up
with significant associations with use of cyber cafes. It seems that computer ownership is
not enough, one needs access to the internet as well and owning these hardware does not
necessarily translate to such. The study used a descriptive method utilizing a validated
questionnaire which was administered to 400 respondents.
An unpublished graduate study made by Maulas et., al (2013), under the
Polytechnic University of the Philippines Open University System, showed that “public
school teachers describe themselves as attaining the “Experienced Level” of ICT
competence. And yet, integration of such into the current curriculum to promote higher
order skills is less prioritized by the teacher-respondents. According to Maulas et., al
(2013), ICT is mostly for personal use – usually for personal communication. The
integration of the K-12 program is much more a concern of teachers compared to ICT
integration. Their most commonly used ICT hardware/component is the USB flash drive,
followed by the printer, web cameras, spreadsheets, use of operating systems, web
browsing, downloading, attaching, opening and forwarding emails as well as
downloading PDF files.
The employment of mediational tools fundamentally shapes the activities in the
learning environment (Wertsch, 1991). When the cognitive opportunities of ICT are taken
up and integrated with planning, enactment and assessment of both teaching and learning
activities, a change of pedagogy may be necessary. Teachers may have to rethink the
purpose of the lesson, the nature of the task that should be set, and the method of
assessing how students carry it out. Students may have to rethink the way they approach
the task, and assess how best to use the new tool to carry out the task. Inevitably, the use
of ICT in education shapes the teaching and learning activities.

Second, the power of mediational tools in organizing activities is often not
consciously recognized by those who use them, which contributes to the belief that
cultural tools are the product of natural or necessary factors rather than of concrete
sociocultural factors (Wertsch, 1991). Research studies have shown that the cognitive
opportunities of ICT are not automatically taken up in the learning environment.
Local
There are multiple studies in the Philippines which aim to describe the use of ICT
in education. One of the most comprehensive was that of Tinio (2002). Tinio (2002)
narrated that for the last decade, basic education in the Philippines is degrading in quality.
Tinio (2002) was commissioned by the Center of International Cooperation for
Computerization, Government of Japan, to spearhead her research which is to describe
the condition of ICT in the Philippines and to present recommendations for the
improvement of education in the country. Tinio (2002) used a descriptive survey and
interview methodologies. Her respondents were 250 school staff from 100 sampled
schools located throughout the Philippines. The survey questionnaire used was pre-tested
in three Metro Manila Schools.
Rodrigo (2003) study which targets 224 primary schools in Metro Manila, of
which only 153 schools responded (79 public schools and 74 private schools). Rodrigo
(2003) used a descriptive research design to describe the present utilization of computers
in schools. She used mail-in questionnaires to gather data. Rodrigo (2003) concludes that
emerging uses of ICTs were not a high priority for primary schools whereas secondary
schools prioritize them. “Principals representing the majority of secondary school

students stated that among their goals for using ICTs were the promotion of active
learning and independent learning. Private schools tended to be more committed to
Internet-based learning goals than public schools” (Rodrigo, 2003). However, the reality
of lack of resources limits the use of ICT in classrooms. Rodrigo (2003) emphasized that
teachers should be provided with further training in ICT.
The good news is that computer ownership in the Philippines is rapidly
increasing. However, significant improvements must be made in the Philippines’
telephone infrastructure before these computers can really be said to be ‘connected’ in
installation of fiber optic cables, microwave transmissions and submarine cables to reach
the 7,107 island. Put simply, the landline telephone infrastructure in the Philippines is not
very robust, and as a result, few Filipinos can access telephone services. Moreover, in
recent years the landline telephone infrastructure in the Philippines has actually been in
decline (Tibay, 2004). Some suggest that this decline can likely be attributed to the
introduction of cellular mobile telephones, which are more affordable, accessible,
practical, and hence, its everywhere. So, even though there has been a marked decline in
the Philippine landline telephone infrastructure, there has been a marked increase in the
number of registered Internet Service Providers in the Philippines’ larger cities (Tibay,
2004). This is the manifest in the rapid expansion of Internet cafe’s, which are helping to
narrow the digital divide.
According to an article published in the Metropolitan Times (2003), the main
Internet access points for younger Filipinos are Internet cafe’s, while, the main access
points for older Filipinos (age 30-60) are their offices and homes. Main purpose for
‘Internet access’ was for business (50%), followed by personal use (41%). The most
popular Internet activity is sending and receiving email, followed by surfing/ browsing,
chatting, and file download (Metropolitan Times, 31 December 2003). There was no
mention of ‘education’ at all in this article, which in itself implies the recent emergence
of e-Learning in the Philippines as a very new, alternative method of educational delivery.
Cellular mobile telephone use in the Philippines has enjoyed phenomenal growth.
The number of cell phone subscribers has exploded. As a result, the Philippines has since
been called the short messaging service (SMS) capital of the world, with SMS becoming
an integral part in the Filipinos’ communicative lifestyle. There are now more mobile
phone subscribers, than fixed-landline telephone subscribers in the Philippines. By the
dawn of 2006, the Philippines had 40 million mobile phone subscribers – six times more
than in the year 2000 (The Communication Initiatives, n.d.).
The review of related literature and related studies has provided the scholarly
background for this study, other than the social background that was already laid out in
the previous chapter. Definitely, there is a need to study the represent the evolution of
ICT in the Philippines and its role in the public schools as a baseline data to show the
progression of quality of teaching – from no ICT, to basic ICT to, hopefully, integration
into the curriculum to promote higher order thinking skills in all subjects.
This study has the same intentions as that of Tinio (2002), Cajilig (2009) and
Maulas et al (2013). The said authors describe the present condition of public school
teachers’ ICT integration in their teaching which is part of the evolution or development
of ICT. They all intend to provide initial data for the government to consider the
feasibility of an institutionalized ICT integration.
Theoretical Framework
Another important point of difference of this study is the usage of a theoretical
framework based on Vygotsky’s theory as articulated by Lim (2002). The mediation
triangle presented by Lim (2002) shows that ICT is a tool to achieve higher order
thinking skills in the educational environment.
=-
Figure 1: Mediation triangle
There is a belief that ICT will deliver its potential benefits on specific
development aims, such as enhancement of livelihood in rural areas (Krishna and
Walsham,2005). ICT potentially has the capacity towards improvement of many different
aspect in life, from alleviating poverty to strengthening the democratic policy.
The study shall compare the findings of decade old researches and the recent ones
that were mostly limited to pure descriptive studies. This study is descriptive-
correlational with prescriptions for action research for follow up study, the focus on
hardware ownership and the positive perspective on the use of ICT for clerical work and
completion of school requirements and reports for DepEd in the perspective of
Vygotskian theory in the mediation triangle model set this study original.
Conceptual Framework
Input Process Output
Describing the Evolution of Demonstrate purpose that

ICT ICT introduce individuals
History improvement of ICT lives in different ways.
in:
Information Display the effect that People in society will
Communication ICT did to developed know about
Technology society. ICT and they will
Contribution of the ICT learn more
graduates in terms of The researchers use of it.
technology as a whole internet, books, articles
Impact of the study result in for data and information.
SHS student of MNHS
Figure 2: Research Paradigm
Learning environments typically involves one or more adult citizen connected
with a number of youth, usually in well defined physical settings. These people interact
and form a variety of relationships, creating a system of inter-related factors that jointly
affect learning.
The study will assess the Evolution of ICT in the Philippines, especially in
education in Mabalacat City, Pampanga as basis of action plan to introduce the ICT and
improve the knowledge in terms of technologies.

CHAPTER III
Research Methodology
This chapter describes the operational plan of work or strategy. A number of
activities in the plan of work include the following operations: a) research design; b)
research locale d) respondents; e) gathering of data f) samples and sampling technique; g)
statistical treatment of data.
Research Design/ Method
This chapter enumerates the development of ICT in all aspect of works
such as education, libraries, and the work that used technologies, research study conducted
based on the methodology that plays an important role in implementing this research study
accordingly and the details of methodology are shown in this chapter.
This type of research according to Calmorin (2017), involves the collection
of data to answer questions regarding to the present condition of a community. It utilized
the historical study method where historical study relate to the event of the past until
present adopting quantitative measures for an empirical study use of the quantitative tools
or software that would usefully supplement and extend the research analysis. Also, the
analysis based on statistical data is both validated and reliable since there is no personal
bias and is the evidence of an objective research analysis.

Research Locale
The place that was chosen is the nation of Philippines where the researchers
are assigned in the field of technology. The said place is now having a development of ICT
through the years and makes the Philippines to grow faster.
Figure 3: Philippine satellite location map
Instrument of the Study
The instrument that was used in conducting data are internet website,
books, and magazines publish and unpublished articles so that researchers will be secure
in searching the needed information.
Researchers conduct this research for a meaningful execution of its purpose
in this study, it was conducted carefully and thorough outlined of the researchers in
searching the information that was according to the study of Evolution of ICT in the
Philippines.
Data Gathering
The researchers conducted the study through the books for resources and
also in the internet. The procedure enable the researchers to collect some information and
data in the work of other people or the authors.
Samples and Sampling Techniques
Purpose sampling are being used in this study to make use all the data
efficiently. The given information was selected based on the judgment of what is best in
answering the specific question in S.O.P on page 6. And the best in qualification were the
information that was actually related to schools.

CHAPTER IV
Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data
This chapter describe the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data that was
came from the data in the books and internet that was based on the study of Evolution of
ICT in the Philippines.
The given answers are requiring based on the position of the questions.
1. Describing the Evolution of ICT in the Philippines
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is a term used to describe
technologies in manipulating and communicating information. The world is experiencing
a digital revolution and the Philippines have the opportunity to play an enormous role in
it. Lee et al (2005), indicate the significant impact of ICT on economic growth of many
developed and Newly Industrialized Economies, but in developing countries. With
mobile telecommunications, the amount of information processing required to manage
mobility and services has increased enormously and this has resulted in a outstanding
increase in computer communications within the telecommunications environment.
According to Tech Throwback, before ICT in the Philippines or before 1928
telecommunication in the Philippines was attached. They could only call people within
their own small city. And in the same year American-owned PLDT was incorporated and
given the right to build and operate telephone services in the Philippines. Small phone
companies in the provinces were acquired to speed up the rollout process. In 1968, PLDT
became a Filipino-controlled corporation bought by Ramon Cojuangco. In 1978,Cellular
Telephone Network PLDT authorized the country’s first cellular telephone network. 1993
the birth of the Philippine Internet with the support of the Department of Science and
Technology and the Industrial Research Foundation, the Philnet project (now PHNET)
was born. 1994 the first internet connection, Benjie Tan who was working for ComNet
build the Philippine’s first connection at a PLDT network center in Makati City.
In 2013 still based on the articles of Tech Throwback are the massive growth of
the country’s mobile networks, the mobile cellular Subscriptions reach 102 million. In
2014 born the fastest growing internet connections in the last five years with a growth of
531% number of Philippine Internet users at 38 million out of a population of 100
million. In 2017, 119 mobile Phone contribution in the country (117% Penetration Rate)
95 % Prepaid, Greater 10% Broadband Subscription, 55% Mobile Broadband
Subscription, 80% Subscribed to the Lowest Speed Plans(1-3 MBPS).
In developed countries, they are widespread and sophisticated, while in
developing countries, they may be less available and offer less capacity. Developing
countries are catching up quickly by dropping older generations of technology as well as
creating solutions that suit the needs of their user communities. In some cases, the lack of
a legacy infrastructure makes rapid modernization easier.
Evolution of ICT in the Philippines make people’s lives much easier in terms of
technologies and communication. The use of ICTs assist sharing information more
effectively and delivering better services around the globe. It can potentially impact every
part of the Philippines making development budgets for a higher development of
technologies. The continuous growth of ICT make Philippines globally competitive and
prosperous society where everyone has reliable, affordable and secure information access
and digitally empowered and innovative.
The PDS(Philippine Digital Strategy) has highlighted four areas that would
benefit from ICT development (Garcia, 2015).
AREA BENEFITS
Transformation Leadership 1. Transparency
2. Online government services
3. Feedback on governance
4. Data collection for health
services and the like

Education 1. Better access to education
materials
2. Capacity-building for the
poor and marginalized
3. Boosting the Philippines’
competitiveness for new
employment opportunities
Jobs and Economic Growth 1. Growth of BPO companies
2. Increase in broadband
penetration and mobile

density correlated with
increase in national GDP

Protection of the environment 1. Promotion of telecommuting
(video call and internet
based collaboration) to
lessen transportation costs
and carbon footprint
2. Use of Geographic
information System (GIS)
based ICT tools) for
monitoring environment and
natural resources
Table 1: ICT Development
Table 1 presents the ICT development for the public group that would benefit the
most from strong and effective strategy. But the government cannot function without a
thriving business group. Private corporations also need to develop their ICT strategies to
thrive in the demanding market.
According to Claraval (2016), the Vice President for Product Development and
Management in Globe Telecommunication, all industries locally should benefit from
improving their ICT capabilities to improve competitiveness and/or their quality of
service. The Philippines has made significant developments in its overall digital
ecosystem throughout the years. But in order to lead in the digital transformation (DX)
economy, organizations must become digital-native enterprises (DNEs). DNEs can

harness the power of technology to multiply innovation and accelerate their businesses'
transformation. Therefore, IDC urges local enterprises to accelerate innovation as the
emerging technology trends are set to redefine IT and businesses in the Philippines over
the next three years. The Philippine has been in the global spotlight for its impressive
economic growth that it became the chair of the ASIAN for 2016.
2. Evolution of ICT in the Philippines through history helps improve the following:
a. Information
Figure 4: Information Technology
Figure 4 presents information technology on the year 1928, which the
telecommunications in the Philippines was segmented. The field of information system
has evolved along with the development of information technology and applications over
past twenty years. Even though information system research is often defined as an
interdisciplinary field of study that stretches across computer science, management
science, and organizational science (e.g., Swanson, 1984), the field has become more
mature and demands to be a reference discipline for other business areas ( Baskerville
and Myers 2002). Information technology changed people’s daily lives not only in
industry but also in the field of education. As the changes has been shown in the
Philippine schools all over. Information advancement has made a serious impact, from
televisions all the way to computers. Now, people have an instant access to information
and knowledge.
b) Communication
MEC is actively taking part in making the most of the technological trends the
Industry 4.0 brings.
Figure 5: Evolution of communication
Figure 5 presents the greatest contribution of communication into the
development when the internet was discovered. Without it, modern telecommunications
would have been impossible. The most important about evolving of the new technologies
for the human communication was the introduction of the Internet which deceased the
costs and increased the speed of the information transfer. Possibility to lower the costs
and increase the speed communication to the new quality level the most widely
consumed services all over the globe. Reuters Institute’s (2015), Digital news Report
indicated how individuals consume news. 11% paid for news online, 26% accessed it
through a smartphone, and 32% shared new era’s.
Reuters Respondents Percentage Digital News

11% paid for news online
26% accessed it through a smartphone
32% shared new era’s.
Table 2: Communication percentage
Table 2 present the percentage of the communication technology that has been
advanced to the point where instant communication anywhere in the world is an everyday
fact of life. There is no question that technology has improved, but also it has had a
positive impact on communication as a whole in many ways. It has increased the
reliability of sending messages to others, made it easier to meet new people and keep in
touch with friends and also saved lives.
According to Wright (2017), Communication technology has 4 ways on how the
technology improved the communication it has increased the reliability of sending
messages to others and made it easier to contact people and keep in touch with them in so
many ways.
Speed
Modern communication is handled by wireless signals, undersea cables, satellites
and other advanced technology, ensuring the almost instant delivery of messages and data
to any location on the planet. The accessibility of technology also means that people don't
need to be in any special location like a post office or mail room to send a message; all
they need is a cell phone anywhere there is a signal. Just by using cellphones people can
contact each other wherever they are even they are 200 miles away and it is because of
the called internet and messenger and skype.
Reliability
Transmitting messages electronically is often more reliable than using letters or
cans connected with string. Messages sent electronically instantly reach their destination,
and are hindered only by glitches or errors, which don't happen often. This means that as
long as the data lines are secure, sending anything via a phone or the Internet will be
unaffected by weather conditions or human error.
Interaction
Online communication has opened the door to new ways of communicating with
strangers and taking part in communities. Chat rooms, discussion forums and dating sites
let people meet each other and get to know more people without having to be there in
person. This gives much more flexibility when it comes to scheduling and dealing with
social anxiety; long-distance relationships, for example, are now looked at as reasonable
options, escaping the stigma or stress previously associated with them. Online
relationships, both platonic and intimate, have become a social norm.
Audience
Much online communication is done publicly, allowing anyone with Internet
access to acquire an audience. Social networks like Twitter, Facebook and Google Plus let
users follow anyone they find interesting, and some people have an audience of millions
of people. The ease of sharing also lets news and information travel with incredible speed
as users share links with each other, meaning that breaking news can reach hundreds of
millions of people literally as it is happening. The speed of news has been able to save
lives and promote assistance. In the case of some natural disasters, people were warned to
get out of the way before it affected them. After the 2010 Haiti earthquake and 2011
tsunami that hit Japan, celebrities promoted donations to the Red Cross over Twitter,
bringing in much-needed money.
c. Technology
Figure 6:Evolution of technology
Figure 6 present the evolution of technology in the Philippine economy, that it
could grow faster by an estimated 10 %, provided that emerging technologies, knowledge
and the Fourth Industrial Revolution can be utilized to accelerate productivity, according
to Gatpolintan (2013), Philippine Institute of Development Studies (PIDS). Right now,
Philippines are growing at about 6 %. Philippines have not fully utilized the existing
technology. How much more if Philippines are going to be able to overcome these
barriers to the adoption and adaptation of current technology and knowledge to improve
productivity and then some more with the new technologies. Philippines should be
growing fast.
To take full advantage of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, Paqueo (2018),
highlight the need for the country to hop into the line headed for the knowledge and
technological limit, where the United States and advanced European countries belong.
Technologies commonly identified as "borderline" and are tagged as being part of
Industry 4.0 include, 3D printing, the Internet of Things, AI, robotics, big data and cloud
computing. For his part, PIDS senior research fellow Dr. Jose Ramon Albert underscored
the need for the country to invest more in research and development (R&D).
Albert (2018) cited the benchmark of United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO) suggesting that R&D spending should amount to about
1 percent of a country’s gross domestic product (GDP). “They are (only) spending 0.2 %,
it’s 1/5th of 1% of GDP. That’s just R&D, also thinking of the complementaries for
education. They are still relatively underspending for education,” he said in the interview.
Albert pointed out that hard and soft infrastructure, as well as capacity development of
human resources and institutions, are complementary factors to R&D investments that
need to be addressed in improving readiness to the Fourth Industrial Revolution.“It must
be a whole package. That’s the problem sometimes people tend to be focused too much
on one thing and they forget that they are all connected. They have to like to put all of
these together,”
Albert (2018) cited as an example Estonia, a former Soviet republic, which has
managed to use technology considerably across government. They use many kinds
technologies and they are the forefront now of trying to use and harness technology. They
are fast growing economy so potentials can actually become realized if you invest
properly in certain areas. And part of it will be ICT (information communications
technology), technical areas, but part of it will also be in other skills, soft skills where
potentially these will not be replaced by automation. Dr. Shiela Siar, manager of PIDS
Research Information Department, said the country should fully utilize its human capital.
By human capital, it was referring to not just what’s here in the Philippines, but also
abroad.
They referring to the expatriates and S and T (science and technology)
professionals. But they have some programs that are already in place. By putting in more
resources into it, then they will be able to entice more expatriate Filipino professionals
based abroad to go back to the Philippines or be involved in projects that will beneficial
for their own country and be able to harness the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
3. The contributions of the ICT graduates in the Philippines in terms of technology
as a whole.
ICT graduates in the Philippines in the past few years witnessed the emergence
and eventual maturity of advanced technological trends. Somehow they help to produce
what people are using in 21 st century in a advance technology. According to J.L(2014),
that he did not regret on taking computer technology as his course and now he is an
Associate Software Engineer. Their job is to develop software for their clients. They do
analyzation of the requirements the clients want and then they proceed to develop the
software base on the requirements they have given.

According to E.G (2011), he have learned the basics about multimedia,
programming, database management and a lot more. Even though he failed at first try he
never give up technology and now he is currently an Infrastructure Specialist. They are
responsible basically for the server management and maintenance and some Middle ware
support.
According to K.L (2013), he take the technology course because of his dream to
be an engineer someday but his dream are still in the process but he is now a Junior
Programmer I (others call them as Software Engineers, Programmers, or Coders). He just
started three months ago, it is not that he cannot find a job but it is his choice. He do
some programmings on different languages but connected at the same time JAVA, PHP,
Javascript, CSS, JSP, XML, and JQuery. He also make reports for the system they make
using Crystal Reports, and SAP Crystal Reports. And he is dealing with the database; he
run queries, construct database, tables, and also maintain a database for a system.
A lot of Information technology graduates has a contribution in terms of
technology in the Philippines some are web developers, call center agents, Instructor in
Computer Programming, Network Administrator/Computer Technician, Instructional
Media Specialist and many more jobs they have taken for them to help develop the
technological world.
MEC Network Corporation show the advance technological trends that some of
the IT graduates help to develop.
Figure 7: ICT Industry
Digital Determination
Figure 7 present the ICT industry where Philippine organizations are moving
towards digital determination by employing a unified strategy of continuous enterprise-
wide digital innovation to transform markets, business models, as well as, products and
services.
Figure 8: Digital Determination
IDC, in its recent CIO
Summit, presented a study
that 37% of Philippine enterprises are
considered digitally determined.

Prioritization of CyberSecurity
The ICT graduates shift to Digital Transformation and made a fundamental
impact on Cybersecurity. Vulnerability is greatly increased with evolving threats as
more and more sensitive data are stored in the cloud, and are accessed remotely via
mobile devices.
Figure 9: Cyber Security
The Shift of Focus to Digital Analytics
Big Data analytics is seen as one of the major drivers of the evolution of ICT in
the Philippines making it easier for companies to make data-driven decisions. With
abundant data available, machine-learning application and artificial intelligence can be
used to interpret and obtain meaningful insights for businesses.

Figure 10: Digital Workforce and place
Upscalling the Workforce and Work Place
The advantages of ICT innovations are realized with the help of the right people
with the right skills. Thus, continuous bridging of skill gap among the workforce is vital
in ensuring the effective integration of acquired digital technologies in the ICT
Philippine landscape.
Sustaining Power Supply
The greater requirement of ICT systems for energy quality calls for power
systems that are strong and able to endure any disruptions to the main power systems.
An increasing number of organizations then are starting to invest in reliable and
alternative electrical backup systems.

Figure 11: Power Supply
Figure 12: State of ICT
More than a decade, the government recognizes the need for strengthening
efforts to widen the reach of ICT in the Philippines. In partnership with various sectors
of society, they are extending the benefits of digitalization to a wider scope of
beneficiaries.
124,000,000 Mobile Subscriptions
76,000,000 Internet Users

72,000,000 Chat Subscriptions
Table 3: Scope of beneficiaries
Payments
The rise of online shopping positively contributes to the adoption of e-wallet in
the country. Although cash is still the primary mode of payment, Filipinos are slowly
immersing themselves to online payments. According to BSP, online transactions are to
reach 20% of total payments in 2020– foreshadowing changes in ICT in the PH.
Figure 13: Filipinos access to the internet for personal reasons
The Philippine ICT graduates still has a long way to be on part with the rest of
the developed world but they are getting there. As the partner in innovation that is
actively taking part in making the most of the technological trends in the Industry. As of
other graduates they are the call center agents which makes the Philippines to have the
most dominant call center industries in the world. Annual revenues could more than
double from $9 billion in 2010 to $25 billion in 2016 equivalent to 10% share of the
global market (Garcia,2016). And some help to developed internet in Converge ICT, an
internet services in the Philippines, launching a new broadband internet that the
connections are fiber-only, introduced their new entry level plan: a connection that can
go up to 25 Mbps for P1500 a month without data cap. The plan is an upgrade from
their older 20Mbps/P1500 a month connection(Garcia,2016). ICT graduates helps
companies to enhance their products, services, and experiences digitally to anticipating
policy changes that would disrupt ICT and BPO markets.
4. Impact of the result of the study to the SHS students of MNHS
This study investigates and explores the adoption of information communication
technology by the MNSHS campus and the impact it makes on the SHS students. ICT
adoption resulted in the improvement of the performance of the students and the ICT
has become an important source of innovation and improvement of efficiency for many
students. According to Essay U.K(2018), ICT stands for Information Communication
Technology. ICT is widespread and essential to play a meaningful role in changing and
modernizing educational systems as well as the way of learning. It is part of many aspects
of people’s daily lives. In the education sector, particularly, the application of ICT has
become critical part of the learning process for the students both inside and outside the
classroom setting. And the student that have fully adopted ICT have recorded immense
advancement in the application of ICT for the improvement of learning methods,
teaching, research, and development. It is, however, not clear what impact of the ICT
applications have on the performance and achievement of students.
The students academic performance enhance the current state of knowledge and
skills reflected in the formulation of their personality and academic growth from lower
levels of study to higher levels. Numerous studies have been undertaken to investigate
the impact of the result of the study of ICT to the students, and the researchers consider
the influence of ICT on students attitude, competency, and skills in addition to
curriculum. For education, the purpose of ICT is generally to familiarise students and
teachers with the use and workings of computers, related social and ethical issues. It is
generally believed that ICT can empower both teachers and learners. It promotes change
to education in 21st century. ICT not only transforms teaching but also the learning
processes (Essay U.K. 2018). This approach according to the researchers and some
authors would determined what would be the impact of the study result to the student
and it yield more accurate results.
Based on the identified research gaps and the problem statement, a need is felt
to investigate the adoption of ICT in campus and examine its impact on the proposed
research will carefully evaluate the manner and extent to which the campus have
adopted the use of ICT and how the adoption of ICT has consequently made an impact
on the performance of students. The proposed research will also identify key factors
that contribute to performance of campus students and how these factors are influenced
by information communication technology.

CHAPTER V
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
Findings
The findings of this study shall prove useful to the university administration and
other parties involved in framing ICT policies for higher education. This study can be
used as a reference point to understand that students wishing to enroll for a course in a
university finalizes his or her decision based on the level of ICT application present in
that university. Last but not least, this study will also act as a jump-start for other
researchers who may like to conduct further research on this topic in future.
Conclusion
1. Describing the Evolution of ICT in the Philippines
According to Tech Throwback, before ICT in the Philippines or before 1928
telecommunication in the Philippines was attached. They could only call people within
their own small city. And PLDT was build and operate telephone services in the
Philippines. Small phone companies in the provinces were acquired to speed up the roll
out process. In 1968, PLDT became a Filipino-controlled corporation bought by Ramon

Cojuangco. In 1978,Cellular Telephone Network PLDT authorized the country’s first
cellular telephone network. 1993 the birth of the Philippine Internet with the support of
the Department of Science and Technology and the Industrial Research Foundation, the
Philnet project (now PHNET) was born. 1994 the first internet connection, Benjie Tan
who was working for ComNet build the Philippine’s first connection at a PLDT network
center in Makati City.
In 2013 the massive growth of the country’s mobile networks, the Mobile Cellular
Subscriptions reach 102 million. In 2014 born the fastest growing internet connections in
the last five years with a growth of 531% number of Philippine Internet users at 38
million out of a population of 100 million. In 2017, 119 mobile Phone contribution in the
country (117% Penetration Rate) 95 % Prepaid, Greater 10% Broadband Subscription,
55% Mobile Broadband Subscription, 80% Subscribed to the Lowest Speed Plans(1-3
MBPS).
2. Evolution of ICT in the Philippines through history helps improve the following:
a. Information
Information communication technology (ICT) is among the latest innovations that
has revolutionized various operations in the world. It is particularly important in the field
of education since it has recently created such platforms and opportunities that have
facilitated to some extent the acquisition of knowledge. This phenomenon has been
highlighted in this study which indicates how students view ICT as a component of their
study program. From the results of the research, it has been evident that a majority of the
people value ICT, and each of them feels that they should have the gadgets to be able to
adopt ICT more closely.
b. Communication
Reuters Respondents Percentage Digital News

11% paid for news online
26% accessed it through a smartphone
32% shared new era’s.
MEC is actively taking part in making the most of the technological trends the
Industry 4.0 brings. Reuters Institute’s (2015), Digital news Report indicated how
individuals consume news. 11% paid for news online, 26% accessed it through a
smartphone, and 32% shared new era’s. There is no question that technology has
improved, but also it has had a positive impact on communication as a whole in many
ways. It has increased the reliability of sending messages to others, made it easier to meet
new people and keep in touch with friends and also saved lives.
According to Wright (2017), Communication technology has 4 ways on how the
technology improved the communication it has increased the reliability of sending
messages to others and made it easier to contact people and keep in touch with them in so
many ways.
Speed
Modern communication is handled by wireless signals, undersea cables, satellites
and other advanced technology, ensuring the almost instant delivery of messages and data
to any location on the planet.
Reliability
Transmitting messages electronically would instantly reach their destination, and
are hindered only by glitches or errors, which don't happen often. This means that as long
as the data lines are secure, sending anything via a phone or the Internet will be
unaffected by weather conditions or human error.
Interaction
Online communication are the new ways of communicating with strangers and
taking part in communities. Chat rooms, discussion forums and dating sites let people
meet each other and get to know more people without having to be there in person.
Audience
Much online communication is done publicly, allowing anyone with Internet
access to acquire an audience. Social networks like Twitter, Facebook and Google Plus let
users follow anyone they find interesting, and some people have an audience of millions
of people.
c. Technology
Evolution of technology in the Philippine economy, that it could grow faster by an
estimated 10 %, provided that emerging technologies, knowledge and the Fourth
Industrial Revolution can be utilized to accelerate productivity, according to Gatpolintan
(2013), Philippine Institute of Development Studies (PIDS). Right now, Philippines are
growing at about 6 %. Philippines have not fully utilized the existing technology.
3. The contributions of the ICT graduates in the Philippines in terms of technology
as a whole.
A lot of Information technology graduates has a contribution in terms of
technology in the Philippines some are web developers, call center agents, Instructor in
Computer Programming, Network Administrator/Computer Technician, Instructional
Media Specialist and many more jobs they have taken for them to help develop the
technological world. Annual revenues could more than double from $9 billion in 2010
to $25 billion in 2016 equivalent to 10% share of the global market (Garcia,2016). And
some help to developed internet in Converge ICT, an internet services in the
Philippines, launching a new broadband internet that the connections are fiber-only,
introduced their new entry level plan: a connection that can go up to 25 Mbps for P1500
a month without data cap. The plan is an upgrade from their older 20Mbps/P1500 a
month connection(Garcia,2016). ICT graduates helps companies to enhance their
products, services, and experiences digitally to anticipating policy changes that would
disrupt ICT and BPO markets.
4. Impact of the result of the study to the SHS students of MNHS

ICT adoption resulted in the improvement of the performance of the students
and the ICT has become an important source of innovation and improvement of
efficiency for many students. According to Essay U.K(2018), ICT stands for
Information Communication Technology. ICT is widespread and essential to play a
meaningful role in changing and modernizing educational systems as well as the way of
learning. It is part of many aspects of people’s daily lives. In the education sector,
particularly, the application of ICT has become critical part of the learning process for
the students both inside and outside the classroom setting. And the student that have
fully adopted ICT have recorded immense advancement in the application of ICT for
the improvement of learning methods, teaching, research, and development.
It is, however, not clear what impact of the ICT applications have on the
performance and achievement of students. This approach according to the researchers
and some authors would determined what would be the impact of the study result to the
student and it yield more accurate results. Based on the identified research gaps and the
problem statement, a need is felt to investigate the adoption of ICT in campus and
examine its impact on the proposed research will carefully evaluate the manner and
extent to which the campus have adopted the use of ICT and how the adoption of ICT
has consequently made an impact on the performance of students.
Recommendation
1. Consider the perception of instructors at the schools.
2. Conducting information must be administered on lecturers and other administrative
officers.
3. Involve all its functionaries in ICT.
4. Be involved in a study sequel and understand the components of ICT that are relevant
to their respective functional unit or department.
5. The current study should be limited in time and geographical and physical
environment, therefore it could not study other variables like use of ICT in building a
career for students, role of ICT in campus–industry connect programs, and field training.
6. Further work are therefore required to investigate all these areas
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APPENDICES

Evolution of ICT in The Philippines

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Evolution of ICT in The Philippines

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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

EVOLUTION OF ICT IN THE PHILIPPINES

A research proposal submitted to

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for

Problem and Its Background

Evolution of ICT has opened the lines of communication and enhanced

networking between nations, states, local governments, businesses, and individuals.

According to U.S. Department of Education (2000),Technology has played a

to become so deeply engrained in modern society. The rate of advances in science

Internationally, the spread and appropriate of ICTs is a key globalization driver

in rapidly expanding, and even schools have to enculturate students to be lifelong

initiative to meet up with the challenges of the fast changing world.

organizations in the Philippines. Information and Communication Technology(ICT) has

some valuable contribution to some parts of educational development and effective

learning through expanding access, promoting efficiency, improving the quality of

learning, enhancing quality teaching and improving management system.

product to be supported. The general communication technology around the world

its citizens to survive, live and develop in the digital world.

then adopts a sociocultural perspective and proposes a theoretical framework based on

the activity systems (Engestrom, 1987) as a unit of analysis that is surrounded by

activities, curriculum and interpersonal relationships in the learning environment, and is

perspective, ICT is a mediational tool incorporated within learning environments with

competitor. According to a roadmap drop by the IT and Business Process Association of

the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) definition of

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) which refers to a combination of

106 out of 191 countries.

hundreds of millions of information that need to look beyond. Filipino’s reliance on

Philippines became the global spotlight in terms of impressive economic growth.

Statement of the Problem

the Philippines and aim to answer the following questions:

1) How may the evolution of ICT in the Philippines be described?

Significance of the Study

in schools and preparing students to acquire skills, knowledge and competencies to

enhancing teaching and learning processes.

In addition, the study provided information to curriculum developers on the

benefit of computers as an instructional mode. Furthermore, MNSHS might benefit by

determining which approach of instruction can lead to better achievements in

administrators in strengthening the educational theories behind ICT use in schools.

Scope and Delimitation

removal of space and time barriers in human communication as a result of the

sector and commitments.

encompass all rapidly emerging, evolving and converging computer, software,

networking, telecommunication, internet, programming and information system

on telephone exchange. Integrated services digital network channels and fixed

connected to switched telephone network.

that has a radioactive waves.

over long distance. It uses principle known as total internal reflection. It is a

games, and entertainment.

is the programs and other operating information used by a computer, it is used in

Networking- The exchange of information or services among individuals, groups, or

institutions; specifically: the cultivation of productive relationship for

Internet- An electronic communication network that connects computer networks and

organizational computer facilities around the world global computer network

providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of

interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols.

Programming- The act or job of creating computer programs. It is a job for

accomplishing a specific computing task, designing and building executable

Review of Related Literature and Studies

framework of the study.

The conditions of ICT utilization in education has been studied by UNESCO

barriers such as lack of infrastructure, equipment and internet connectivity.

ICT is used simply as a supplement for existing pedagogical practices. In order to

policy makers, educators, curriculum developers, and administrators (Amirin, 2007).