Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology Student: _________________________ Section:___________

PHARMACOLOGY

DRUG STUDY
Brand Name: Hygroton Generic Name: chlorthalidone Drug Classification: Therapeutic : antihypertensives, diuretics
Pharmacologic: thiazide diuretics

Dosage, Route & Frequency Drug-Drug & Drug- Side Effects Adverse Reactions
Drug Action Indications Contraindications
Recommended Prescribed Food Interactions (By System) (By System)
tablet Increases excretion of Drug-Drug: Additive Management of mild to Hypersensitivity (cross- problems, stomach CNS: dizziness,
Hypertension such as:
 15mg 12.5-25 mg/day PO; may
sodium and water by hypotension with other moderate hypertension. sensitivity with other drowsiness, lethargy,
 25mg inhibiting sodium antihypertensive Treatment of edema thiazides or weakness. CV:
increase to 50 mg qDay nausea
 50mg reabsorption in the agents, acute ingestion associated with: HF, sulfonamides may vomiting hypotension. GI:
after a suitable trial; not
 100mg distal tubule. Promotes of alcohol ornitrates. Renal dysfunction, exist); Some products stomach cramping anorexia, cramping,
to exceed 100 mg/day;
excretion of chloride, Additive hypokalemia Cirrhosis, contain tartrazine and diarrhea
usual dose range is 12.5– hepatitis, nausea,
potassium, magnesium, with corticosteroids, Glucocorticoid therapy, should be avoided in constipation
25 mg/day loss of appetite vomiting. Derm:
and bicarbonate. May amphotericin B, Estrogen therapy. patients with known dizziness photosensitivity, rash.
Edema produce arteriolar piperacillin, or intolerance; Anuria; headache Endo: hyperglycemia.
50-100 mg/day PO or dilation. Therapeutic ticarcillin.pthe excretion Lactation: Lactation. increased thirst
F and E: hypokalemia,
100 mg PO every other Effects: Lowering of BP of lithium. Use Cautiously in:
dehydration,
day; not to exceed 200 in hypertensive patients Cholestyramine Renal or hepatic
hypercalcemia,
mg/day and diuresis with orcolestipolpabsorption. impairment; OB: May
Hypokalemiaqrisk of cause jaundice or
hypochloremic
mobilization of edema.
Heart Failure alkalosis,
digoxin toxicity. NSAIDs thrombocytopenia in
12.5-25 mg/day PO; not hypomagnesemia,
maypeffectiveness newborn.
to exceed 100 mg/day hyponatremia,
hypophosphatemia,
hypovolemia. Hemat:
blood dyscrasias.
Metab: hyperuricemia,
hypercholesterolemia.
MS: muscle cramps.
Misc: pancreatitis.
 Responsibilities in the Nursing Process (ADPIE) Responsibilities in the Nursing Process (ADPIE)
Assessment ● Monitor BP, intake, output, and daily weight and assess feet, legs, and sacral area for Implementation ● Administer in the morning to prevent disruption of sleep cycle for urination. ●
edema daily. ● Assess patient, especially if taking digitalis glycosides, for anorexia, nausea, vomiting, Intermittent dose schedule may be used for continued control of edema. ● PO: May give with food or
muscle cramps, paresthesia, and confusion. Notify physician or other health care professional if these milk to minimize GI irritation. Tablets may be crushed and mixed with fluid to facilitate swallowing.
signs of electrolyte imbalance occur. Patients taking digitalis glycosides are at risk of digitalis toxicity as a Evaluation/Desired Outcomes ● Decrease in BP. ● Decrease in edema.
result of the potassium-depleting effect of the diuretic. ● Assess patient for allergy to sulfonamides
● Hypertension: Monitor BP before and periodically throughout therapy. ● Monitor frequency of
prescription refills to determine compliance. ● Lab Test Considerations: Monitor electrolytes (especially
potassium), blood glucose, BUN, serum creatinine, and uric acid levels before and periodically
throughout therapy. ● May causeqin serum and urine glucose in diabetic patients. ● May cause in serum
bilirubin, calcium, creatinine, and uric acid, andpin serum magnesium, potassium, sodium, and urinary
calcium concentrations. ● May causeqserum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride
concentrations.

Brand Name: Lasix
Dosage, Route & Frequency
Recommended Prescribed
PO (Children 1 mo): 2
mg/kg as a single dose;
may beqby 1– 2 mg/kg q
6– 8 hr (maximum dose 6
mg/kg). PO (Neonates): 1–
4 mg/kg/dose 1– 2
times/day. IM, IV (Adults):
20– 40 mg, may repeat in
1– 2 hr andqby 20 mg
every 1– 2 hr until
response is obtained,
maintenance dose may be
given q 6– 12 hr;
Continuous infusion—
Bolus 0.1 mg/kg followed
by 0.1 mg/kg/hr, double q
2 hr to a maximum of 0.4
mg/kg/hr.
IM, IV (Children): 1– 2
mg/kg/dose q 6– 12 hr
Continuous infusion—0.05
mg/ kg/hr, titrate to
clinical effect.
IM, IV (Neonates): 1– 2
mg/kg/dose q 12– 24 hr.
Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology
Edema PO (Adults): 20– 80
mg/day as a single dose
initially, may repeat in 6–
8 hr; mayq dose by 20– 40
mg q 6– 8 hr until desired
response. Maintenance
doses may be given once
or twice daily (doses up to
2.5 g/day have been used
in patients with HF or
renal disease).
Hypertension—40 twice
daily initially (when added
to regimen, decrease dose
of other antihypertensives
by 50%); adjust further
dosing based on
response;Hypercalcemia—
120 mg/day in 1– 3 doses.
Hypertension PO (Adults):
40 twice daily initially
(when added to
regimen,pdose of other
antihypertensives by 50%);
adjust further dosing
based on response.
PHARMACOLOGY
DRUG STUDY
Generic Name: Furosemide
Drug-Drug & Drug-
Drug Action
Food Interactions
Inhibits the Drug-Drug: Increase risk of
hypotension with
reabsorption of sodium
and chloride from the antihypertensives,
nitrates, or acute ingestion
loop of Henle and distal
of alcohol. Increase risk of
renal tubule. Increases
hypokalemia with other
renal excretion of diuretics, amphotericin B,
water, sodium, chloride, stimulant laxatives, and
magnesium, potassium, corticosteroids.
and calcium. Hypokalemia may increase
Effectiveness persists in risk of digoxin toxicity and
impaired renal function. increase risk of arrhythmia
Therapeutic Effects: in patients taking drugs
that prolong the QT
Diuresis and
interval. Decrease lithium
subsequent
excretion, may cause
mobilization of excess lithium toxicity. increase
fluid (edema, pleural risk of ototoxicity with
effusions). Decreased aminoglycosides or
BP. cisplatin. increase risk of
nephrotoxicity with
cisplatin. NSAIDS decrease
effects of furosemide. May
increase risk of
methotrexate toxicity.
Student: _________________________ Section:___________
Drug Classification: Therapeutic: diuretics Pharmacologic: loop diuretics
Indications Contraindications
Edema due to Hypersensitivity; Cross-
sensitivity with thiazides and
heart failure,
sulfonamides may occur;
hepatic Hepatic coma or anuria; Some
impairment or liquid products may contain
renal disease. alcohol, avoid in patients with
alcohol intolerance.
Hypertension.
Use Cautiously in: Severe
liver disease (may precipitate
hepatic coma; concurrent use
with potassium-sparing
diuretics may be necessary);
Electrolyte depletion;
Diabetes mellitus;
Hypoproteinemia (qrisk of
ototoxicity); Severe renal
impairment (qrisk of
ototoxicity);
OB, Lactation: Safety not
established; Pedi:qrisk for
renal calculi and patent
ductus arteriosis in premature
neonates; Geri: May
haveqrisk of side effects,
especially hypotension and
electrolyte imbalance, at
usual doses.
Side Effects Adverse Reactions (By
(By System) System)
CNS: blurred vision, dizziness,
nausea or vomiting headache, vertigo. EENT:
diarrhea hearing loss, tinnitus. CV:
hypotension. GI: anorexia,
constipation constipation, diarrhea, dry
stomach cramping mouth, dyspepsia,qliver
enzymes, nausea, pancreatitis,
feeling like you or vomiting. GU: increase BUN,
excessive urination,
the room is spinning
nephrocalcinosis.Derm:
(vertigo) ERYTHEMA MULTIFORME,
STEVENS-JOHNSON
dizziness
SYNDROME, TOXIC EPIDERMAL
headache NECROLYSIS, photosensitivity,
pruritis, rash, urticaria. Endo:
blurred vision
hypercholesterolemia,
hyperglycemia,
itching or rash
hypertriglyceridemia,
hyperuricemia. F and E:
dehydration, hypocalcemia,
hypochloremia, hypokalemia,
hyponatremia, hypovolemia,
metabolic alkalosis. Hemat:
APLASTIC ANEMIA,
AGRANULOCYTOSIS, hemolytic
anemia, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia. MS:
muscle cramps. Neuro:
paresthesia. Misc: fever.
 Responsibilities in the Nursing Process (ADPIE) Responsibilities in the Nursing Process (ADPIE)
Assessment ● Assess fluid status. Monitor daily weight, intake and output ratios, amount and location of edema, Implementation ● Do not confuse Lasix with Luvox. ● If administering twice daily, give last dose no later than 5 pm to
lung sounds, skin turgor, and mucous membranes. Notify health care professional if thirst, dry mouth, lethargy, minimize disruption of sleep cycle. ● IV route is preferred over IM route for parenteral administration. ● PO: May be
weakness, hypotension, or oliguria occurs. ● Monitor BP and pulse before and during administration. Monitor taken with food or milk to minimize gastric irritation. Tablets may be crushed if patient has difficulty swallowing. ● Do
frequency of prescription refills to determine compliance in patients treated for hypertension. ● Geri: Diuretic use is not administer discolored solution or tablets.
associated with increased risk for falls in older adults. Assess falls risk and implement fall prevention strategies. ● Evaluation/Desired Outcomes ● Decrease in edema. ● Decrease in abdominal girth and weight. ● Increase in urinary
Assess patients receiving digoxin for anorexia, nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps, paresthesia, and confusion. Patients output. ● Decrease in BP.
taking digoxin are at increased risk of digoxin toxicity because of the potassium-depleting effect of the diuretic.
Potassium supplements or potassium-sparing diuretics may be used concurrently to prevent hypokalemia. ● Assess
patient for tinnitus and hearing loss. Audiometry is recommended for patients receiving prolonged high-dose IV
therapy. Hearing loss is most common after rapid or high-dose IV administration in patients with decreased renal
function or those taking other ototoxic drugs.
● Assess for allergy to sulfonamides. ● Assess patient for skin rash frequently during therapy. Discontinue
furosemide at first sign of rash; may be life-threatening. Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, or
erythema multiforme may develop. Treat symptomatically; may recur once treatment is stopped.
 Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology Student: _________________________ Section:___________

PHARMACOLOGY

DRUG STUDY

Brand Name: ________________________________________________ Generic Name: _____________________________ Drug Classification: ___________________________________

Dosage, Route & Frequency Drug-Drug & Drug- Side Effects Adverse Reactions
Drug Action Indications Contraindications
Recommended Prescribed Food Interactions (By System) (By System)

Responsibilities in the Nursing Process (ADPIE) Responsibilities in the Nursing Process (ADPIE)