Eggshell as a Chalk

I:ABSTRACT

The researcher conduct this study due to economics crisis nowadays. It's aim to create a product of
chalkwhich is cheaper and could give the same quality which the commercial one could give through
eggshells. This steps was made by the researcher to make a chalk out of eggshells;First she clean the
empty eggshell of the chicken through washing,then when the eggshells is already dry, she pound the
clean eggshells very well until it will become a powder,then she get the residue and she separate it from
the eggshell that is already in powder then she pour a liitle amount of water into the powdered eggshell
and put it on the paper to form a stick chalk and she let it dry.

II:ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researcher would like to give his warm heart-felt gratitude to the persons wich give their knowledge
regarding this project and helped to conduct this for the success of the researher.

The parents, which gave thier full support to the researcher through expenses, time and efforts.

The classmates and friends of the researcher ,which are always there for him and also contribute ideas
and thoughts.

To the reasercher subject teacher, Ms. Balve Granido, for sharing her ideas and knowledge for this
project and understanding the researcher for the failures in conduting this study.

Last but not the least, to our dear God, fer guiding and protecting the researcher always and for giving
those persons to made this all possible.

III:TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER I Introduction

Background of the Study

Statement of the problem

Hypothesis

Significance of the study

Scope and limitations

Definition of terms
Materials

CHAPTER II Review and Related Literature

CHAPTER III Methodology

CHAPTER IV Result and discission

CHAPTER V Conclusion & Recommendation

CHAPTER VI Bibliograph

Chapter I : Introduction

-Background of the Study-

As of now, our country is facing a great crisis in economy. The researcher found out that in school, they
required using of chalk (commercial) to use it on the board. So, the researcher decided to make a chalk
which is very affordable and can give an equal quality as the commercial can.

-Statement of the problem-

a) Can eggshells be an alternative source in making a chalk?

-Hypothesis

-a) Eggshells can't be an alternative source in making a chalk.

-b) Eggshells can be an alternative source in making a chalk.

-Significance of the Study

-This study can give benefits to the people specially to the poor once, to have a good business and also
to save a money for their other needs. Specially in schools, it will give a benefit to the teachers.
-Scope and Limitations-

This study is only limited for the investigation of Eggshsells(Gallus Domesticus) used as alternative source
for chalk making. The researcher chose this study for further investigation if the eggshells can be an
effective source for chalk.

-Definition of terms-

a)Chicken Eggshells - The cell of a chicken egg is made up or about 94% calcium carbonate,1%
magnesium carbonate,1% calcium phosphate, and about 4% calcium organic matter,mainly protein.

b) Chalk- a substance use for writing in the green board.

-Materials -

Mortar and pestle

Paper

Container

Water

Eggshell

Chapter II:Review and Related Literature

The chicken eggshell matrix is a complex mixture of proteins and proteoglycans. It also contains
phosphoproteins that are thought to affect mineralization of the matrix. Several of the matrix
phosphoproteins, such as the major component osteopontin, have already been identified as
phosphoproteins in other tissues, but the phosphorylation status of the eggshell matrix forms was
unknown. The phosphopeptides, obtained after cleavage of the matrix proteins with several different
cleavage methods, were enriched by anion-exchange chromatography and reversible binding to titanium
oxide and identified by LC-MSn or pseudo-MSn analysis following neutral loss scanning. Altogether we
identified 39 phosphorylated matrix proteins, 22 of which were not known to be phosphorylated before.
Eight of the proteins were identified as eggshell matrix components for the first time. Together these
proteins contained more than 150 different phosphorylation sites, 103 of which were determined with
high confidence. Among the major phosphorylated proteins of the chicken eggshell matrix were
osteopontin and the eggshell-specific proteins ovocleidin-17, ovocleidin-116, and ovocalyxin-32.

Chapter III:Methodology

-First,clean the empty eggshell of the chicken through washing.

-Pound the clean eggshell very well until it will become as powder.

-Get the residue and separate it from the eggshell which is already pound.

-Pour a little amount of water into the powdered eggshell.

-Put the powdered eggshell that is already mixed with water into a paper to form a stick chalk.

-Let it dry fot about 2-3 days.

Chapter IV:Result and Discussion

As the researcher conduct this study, the researcher found out the following:

SUBJECT # Eggshell Chalk Commercial

1. clear more clear

2. more clear clear

3. clear more clear

Based on the ff. data, the researcher made a better study related to this project and found out that
eggshell chalk could give also almost the same quality which the commerial one could give.

Chapter V:Conclusion & Recommendation

The researcher would highly recommended that we could use eggshell chalk instead of busy commercial
chalk in the market because its is cheaper and fits in our budget. the researcher therefore concluded
that eggshell chalk could be used as an alternative source of commercial one.

Chapter VI:Bibliography

http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/113509038/ABSTRACT?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg