RESULTS

5.1 iii)
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6
3.5 cm2 0.4 cm2 6.8 cm2 4.8 cm2 4.7 cm2 2.4 cm2
Table 1: shows upper area for every cut-offs from graph 3A.

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7
1.3 cm2 1.1 cm 2
1.6 cm 2
0.6 cm 2
1.6 cm 2
2.0 cm2 1.1 cm2
Table 2: shows lower area for every cut-offs from graph 3A.
𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 𝐴𝑅𝐸𝐴 𝑃−𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 𝐴𝑅𝐸𝐴 𝑄
iv) 𝐶𝐿𝐴 (𝑍) = L

22.6 − 9.3
𝑍=
25
Z = 0.532cm
v)

R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6
2.2 cm2 0.1 cm 2
5.7 cm 2
3.8 cm 2
3.2 cm2 1.7 cm2
Table 3: shows new upper area for every cut-offs from graph 3A.

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8
2.5 cm2 1.9 cm 2
2.0 cm 2
0.8 cm 2
2.2 cm 2
0.1 cm 2
3.0 cm2 1.7 cm2
Table 4: shows new lower area for every cut-offs from graph 3A
𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 𝐴𝑅𝐸𝐴 𝑅 +𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 𝐴𝑅𝐸𝐴 𝑆 𝐶
vi) 𝑅𝑎 = 𝑋
L (cm) M

16.7 + 14.2 10000

𝑅𝑎 = 𝑋
25 20000
Ra = 0.618 µm

5.2 The measured component would be accepted because the value is obtained in the
acceptable range value of tolerance. 0.50<0.618<0.75
5.3 Amplitude Parameter
𝑅𝑡1+𝑅𝑡2+𝑅𝑡3+𝑅𝑡4+𝑅𝑡5
5.3.1 𝑅𝑧 (𝐷𝐼𝑁) = 𝑅 𝑡 𝑚 = 5

(18 + 23 + 24 + 22 + 21) 𝑋 0.1 µm

𝑅𝑧 (𝐷𝐼𝑁) =
5
𝑅𝑧(𝐷𝐼𝑁) = 2.16 µm
5.3.2 𝑅𝑦 (𝐷𝐼𝑁) = 2.4 µm

5.4 Spacing Parameter

High spot count (HSC) = 6 Counts

5.5 Hybrid Parameter

(0.5 + 0.7 + 0.8 + 1.1 + 0.8 + 0.4)cm
𝑡𝑝 = 𝑥 100%
5cm
𝑡𝑝 = 86%

DISCUSSIONS
6.1 Explain how is the stylus able to detect the surface roughness profile.

To detect the surface roughness profile, the stylus will move across the surface. The change in its
vertical movement will be recorded and transformed into an electrical signal. This signal is
amplified and used to operate a recorder to give various parameter of the surface where it will
display at the small monitor.

6.2 Define the comparative surface roughness values against typical manufacturing
processes.

Roughness values depends on the type of the manufacturing or finishing process was used on the
material or product based on the demand. The ability of the manufacturing process to produce
specific roughness depends on many factors. For example, in surface grinding, the final surface
depends on peripheral of the wheel, the speed of the traverse and many more based on the
machine and material used. Different manufacturing process has different surface roughness will
be produced. For example, the polishing process the range of roughness average (Ra) can be
produced around 0.1 – 0.4 µm. For the drilling process the range of roughness average can be
produced around 1.6 – 3.6 µm.

6.3 Discuss the importance of surface texture measurement and give examples of application
in the manufacturing industry

Surfaces and their measurement provide a link between the manufacture of engineering
components and their suitability for an intended performance. Surface texture measurement is
not purely a means of quality control, but forms an essential part of manufacturing process. The
importance of surface texture measurement to facilitate control of performance, process, material
and machine. A few examples of surface texture measurement are to determine surface
topography and the surface roughness of cylinder and the piston to hold the lubricants.

CONCLUSION
The experiment was successful as we learn about the surface texture, the important of surface
texture, type of finishing process uses to produce specific roughness and to measure the surface
texture with a computer aided surface instrument. Based on the result, Ra = 0.618 µm, HSC = 6
counts, Ry (DIN) = 2.4µm at third cut-off. Amplitude parameter such as average roughness (Ra),
it has a different surface value depends on type process used. Different application needs different
roughness. Spacing parameter such as high spot count (HSC) is the number of upper area on the
selectable slice level. Lastly, hybrid parameter such as bearing ratio (tp) is the length of bearing
surface at depth p below the highest peak.

REFERENCES

Surface roughness. Retrieved from

https://www.cabinc.com/uploads/news/surface_roughness.pdf

Surface roughness produced by different manufacturing process (Jun, 2009). Retrieved

from http://www.meadinfo.org/2009/06/surface-finish-roughness-ra.html