DATA AND RESULTS SHEET

Experiment 1
Measurements and Error Analysis

Name: DE JESUS, AYRA JOAN A. Date Performed: AUGUST 25, 2020

A) Descriptive Statistics
Sample Circumference (in cm) Diameter
1 8.20 2.61
2 8.00 2.55
3 8.10 2.58
4 8.20 2.61
5 8.10 2.58
6 7.90 2.51
7 8.30 2.64
8 8.60 2.74
9 8.40 2.67
10 8.40 2.67
Range 0.23
Mean 2.616
Variance 0.004
Standard Deviation 0.063

B) Graphical and Error Analyses

Circumference (cm) Diameter (cm) Area (cm2)
Coin 1 7.75 2.47 4.79
Coin 2 7.80 2.48 4.83
Coin 3 8.30 2.64 5.47
Coin 4 8.35 2.66 5.56
Coin 5 8.45 2.69 5.68
Experimental Value of  from graph of circumference versus diameter 3.14
Accepted value of  3.1416
% error 0.05%
Experimental Value of  from graph of Area versus square of diameter 0.785
Accepted value of  3.1416
% error 0.05%

Figure 1. Line graphs showing the values, in centimeter, of a) Circumference vs. Diameter and b) Area vs.
Square of Diameter.
 Standards
Participant Width of Thumb (in cm)
1 2.0
2 2.0
3 1.9
4 2.5

Sample Computations:

Diameter: Standard Deviation:

Circumference 8.20 cm
Diameter = = = 2.61 cm √ σ 2= √0.004 cm=0.063 cm
π 3.1416

Range: Area:
Range = d max −d min π 2 3.1416
d=
Area = x 2.47 cm2 = 4.79 cm2
Range = 2.74 – 2.51 = 0.23 4 4

Mean: Percent Error:

∑ d = 26.16 cm = 2.616 cm E−S
Mean =
n 10
% error = | |
S
x 100

Variance:
2
∑ (d− d́) = 0. 04004 = 0.004 cm
% error = |3.14−3.1416
3.1416 |
x 100 = 0.05%
σ 2=
10 10

Conclusion

Variance is a measurement of how far a set of data is spread out. A zero variance indicates that
all of the data values in a set are completely identical, while a small variance, on the other hand,
indicates that the data values are very close to the mean and to each other (precise and accurate).
Same as to Standard deviation which measures how far each observed value is from the mean, a
low standard deviation also indicates that the data values are very close to the mean. Based on the
data presented, since both vicariance and standard deviation have low values (0.004 and 0.063,
respectively), it can be concluded that the values in the data set are all close to each other and to the
mean, meaning, the data are precise and accurate.

As for the graphical and error analysis, both graph of circumference versus diameter and graph
of area versus square of diameter have 0.05% percent error which means that the error in doing the
measurements of the coins is low. This obtained result implies that both circumference versus
diameter and area versus square of diameter can be used to compare datas in this kind of data set.

For the third part of this experiment, strandard for measurement was tackled. The standard units
of measurement are the units of measurement which are typically used, e.g. inches, feet, ounces,
kilograms, and such. Aside from this, there is also another unit of measurement which is called the
nonstandard units of measurement. It involves tools which are not typically used in measuring such
as a pen, an arm, a footstep, and in this experiment, a finger (thumb) which is sometimes used as a
substitution measurement for inch/es. The standard convertion of inch to cm is 1 inch = 2.54 cm. In
this experiment, the mean width of thumb of the group members is 2.1 cm. Though the
experimental result is a bit close to the actual measurement, this method is not advisable to be used
since the width of the thumb differs per person which may result to errors in measurement.