ALAMAN JUDUL

UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA

Bedroom Air Conditioning System Design

Sistem Tata Udara

Naufal Muhadzib Rafif - 1606892472

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK PERKAPALAN

FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
DEPOK
2019

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DATA
Location : Kelapa Dua, Depok
Type Of Building : Bad Room
Number of Floors : 1
Floor area : 13 ft x 10 ft : 130 ft
Floor to floor heigt : 8 ft
Window area : 20 % of the wall area
Windows : Double glazed
Wall : Wall number 13
(U = 0,2 Btu/hr.ft².°F, as per table 33A*, pg
: 28.46)
Roof : Roof number 13
(U= 0.2 Btu/h.ft2.F as per table 31, pg
: 28.42)
Windows : U= 0.55 Btu/h.ft2.F
½ air change per hour (min) or 20
Recommended ventilation : cfm/person
Occupancy : 2 person
Use : 14 hrs/day (18:00 - 08:00) average

Estimate the cooling load using the Cooling Load Temperature Difference / Solar
Cooling Load/ Cooling Load Factor (CLTD/SCL/CLF) method.

DESIGN CONDITIONS
Outdoor design dry-bulb : 90 °F
Outdoor design wet-bulb : 75 °F
Indoor design Dry-bulb : 78 °F / 25.5 °C
Daily Range : 20 °F
Relative humidity : 50%
Wind velocity : 7,5 mph

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ASSUMPTIONS

i. Occupancy hours for people from 18:00 to 08:00 hrs

ii. 2 persons per room
iii. Light remains on from 18:00 to 08:00 hrs
iv. 10.5 watts of lights in bedroom
v. 200 watts for laptop
vi. 20 watts for handphone
vii. 10 watts for handphone charger
viii. 90 watts for laptop charger
ix. Roof number is 13 as per Table 31t page-28.42 and U value for roof is 0.055
2
Btu/h.ft . °F.
x. Wall number is 13 as per Table 33A, page-28.46 and U value for wall is 0.2
Btu/h.ft2.°F.
xi. Window is un-coated double glazed and U value is 0.55 which is found from Table
5, page-29.8
xii. Values of Cooling Load Temperature Difference (CLTD) for roof are taken from
Table30, Page-28.42
xiii. Values of Cooling Load Temperature Difference (CLTD) for wall are taken from
Table32, Page-28.45
xiv. Values of Cooling Load Temperature Difference (CLTD) for glass are taken from
Table34, Page-28.49
xv. Values of Shading Coefficient (SC) are taken from Table 11, page-29.25
xvi. Values of Solar Cooling Load (SCL) are taken from Table 36, page-28.50, zone
Type C
xvii. Values of Cooling Load Factor (CLF) for lighting are taken from Table38 based on
lights on for 14 hours, Page-28.52, zone Type C
xviii. Values of Cooling Load Factor (CLF) for people are taken from Table37 based on
14 hours in space, Page-28.51, zone Type C
xix. Rates of Sensible Heat Gain (SHG) and Latent Heat Gain (LHG) from people are
taken from Table 3, page-28.8
xx. It is assumed that 1 watts is equals to 3.4 Btu/hr

*Source: ASHRAE Handbook- 1997 Fundamentals

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CALCULATIONS
CALCULATION OF CLTD CORRECTION
CLTDC = [CLTD + (78 – TR) +(TM – 85)]
TR = inside design temperature = 78°F
TM = mean outdoor temperature = Outdoor design dry bulb temperature - (Daily range /2)
TM = 90 - (20 / 2) = 90 -10 = 82
Therefore CLTDC = CLTD + (82 - 85) = CLTD – 3

ROOF
Equations
Q = U x A x ΔT
Q = U * A * CLTDC
2
U = 0.2 Btu/h.ft .F
2
A = 130 ft (13* 10)

Where,
Q = Heat gain in Btu/hr
U = Thermal Transmittance for roof in Btu/hr.ft².°F
A = area of roof in ft2
ΔT = Temperature difference in °F
CLTD = Cooling Load Temperature Difference for glass in °F

Calculation of Heat Load due to Roof:

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WALLS
Equations
Q = U * A * CLTDC
2
U = 0.2 Btu/h.ft .F
A = 64 ft² (8 x 10 x 80%), Note : 80 % is wall and 20% is window glazing

Calculation of Heat Load due to Conduction through the walls

WINDOWS
Windows heat load has two components 1) Conduction and 2) Radiation

CONDUCTION LOAD
Equations
2
Q (Btu/hr) = U (Btu/hr- ft °F) x A (sq-ft) x CLTDc (F)
2
U = 0.55 Btu/hr -ft °F
A = 16 ft² (8 x 10 x 20%) ------- 80% is wall area and 20% is glazing area

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Calculation of Conduction Load through the Windows

SOLAR TRANSMISSION THROUGH WINDOWS (RADIATION LOAD)

Equations
Q (Btu/hr) = A (sq-ft) x SC x SCL
A = 16 ft² (8 x 10 x 20%) ------- 80% is wall area and 20% is glazing area

Calculation of Radiation Load through the Windows

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PEOPLE
Equations
Q sensible (Btu/hr) = N (number of people) x SHG (Btu/hr) x CLF
Q latent (Btu/hr) = N (number of people) x LHG (Btu/hr)
SHG = Sensible heat gain
LHG = Latent heat gain
N = 2 people per room

Calculation of Internal Load (People):

LIGHTS
Equations
Q lights (Btu/hr) = 3.4[Btu/hr /Watt] x CLF x Wattage x f(b)
fb = Fluorescent ballast factor =1.1

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Calculation of Internal Load (Lights):

VENTILATION
Ventilation load has two components 1) Sensible load and 2) Latent load
Sensible Heat
Q Sensible = 60 * CFM * ρ * CP * ΔT
Q Sensible = 60 hr/min * CFM (ft³/min) * (0.075) Ibm/ft³ * (0.24) Btu/Ibm-°F * ΔT (°F)
Q Sensible = 1.08 * CFM * ΔT
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ρ = Air density (0.075 Ibm/ft )
Cp = Specific heat of air (0.24 Btu/Ib F)
Recommended ventilation is 20 cfm/person; 7 person/1000 sq-ft (block occupancy). For zone
wise calculations, 2 persons are assumed per room (this will ensure conservative analysis),
therefore,
CFM (Air flow rate) = 2 * 20 = 40 ft³/min (for each room)
Now
Q Sensible = 1.08 * CFM * ΔT
ΔT = Indoor minus Outdoor temperature difference (To - Ti)
To = 90 °F, Ti = 78 °F
Therefore
Q Sensible = 1.08 * 40 * (90 - 78)
Q Sensible = 44 * (90-78) = 528 Btu/hr

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Latent Heat
Q Latent = 4840 * CFM * ΔW
Where:
CFM (Air flow rate) = 2 * 20 = 40 ft³/min (for each room)
ΔW = Humidity ratio of indoor air minus humidity ratio of outdoor air, (Wo - Wi) in lbm water/
lbm dry air
From Psychometric chart:
Indoor - For 78° F dry bulb temperature (DBT) at 50% Relative Humidity:
W i = 0.0102 Ibm water/Ibm dry air
Outdoor - For 90 ° F dry bulb temperature (DBT) at 50% Relative Humidity:
Wo = 0.0152 Ibm water/Ibm dry air
ΔW = (Wo - Wi) = 0.0152 - 0.0102 = 0.005 Ibm water/Ibm dry air
Therefore
Q Latent = 4840 * 40 * 0.005
Q Latent = 968 Btu/hr

EQUIPMENT

Laptop Handphone Charger

Amount = 1 Amount = 1
Therefore, Q = 1 * 3.4 Btu/hr / watt * 200 watt Therefore, Q = 1 * 3.4 Btu/hr / watt * 10 watt
Q = 680 Btu/hr Q = 34 Btu/hr

Handphone Laptop Charger

Amount = 1 Amount = 1
Therefore, Q = 1 * 3.4 Btu/hr / watt * 20 watt Therefore, Q = 1 * 3.4 Btu/hr / watt * 90 watt
Q = 68 Btu/hr Q = 306 Btu/hr

Q Total (Btu/hr) = 1088 Btu/hr

LOAD SUMMARY

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 a. Space loads (sensible and latent) = [Q roof + Q walls + Q windows + Q
people + Q lights + Q appliances] (It does not include ventilation load).
--------- [This is also called Room Total Load].
b. Total loads = Space Loads + Ventilation Load-------- [This is also called
Gross Total Load].
The yellow highlighted row indicates the peak load at particular time of day.
Therefore, Maximum Cooling Load is 4761.08 Btu/hr or 1395.33 W
𝑅𝑆𝐻
SHF = 𝑅𝑇𝐻

Where,

RSH = Room Sensible Heat

RTH = Room Total Heat
𝐵𝑡𝑢
3831.39 ( )
ℎ𝑟
So that, SHF = 𝐵𝑡𝑢
5237.19 ( )
ℎ𝑟
= 0.731
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑
Capacity of the plant =
3500

1395.33 𝑊
= 3500
= 0.398 TR
Install a plant having a capacity of 0.397 TR or 1.871 HP

LAYOUT OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Assume the room temperature is to be maintained at 25.5 °C db and the supply air
temperature is 10 °C.
98 𝑥 (273+10) 27734
Q = 351 (25.5−10) = 5440.5 = 5.097 m3/s (using 1 diffuser)

MAIN DUCT SECTION

Equation : Q = A x V
Where, Q is the quantity of air flowing in m3/s, A is cross sectional area of the duct in m2,
and V is the mean velocity of air flow in m/s.
Volume flow rate of supply air is calculated as Ms=5.097 m3/s
Velocity of air supplied to a space through the main duct is recommended as 5-8 m/s for
public buildings. In this design, using 6 m/s. this cross sectional area of the required duct is
5.097
So that, A = = 0.8495 m2
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