PHRASE

(Syntax)

Lecturer :
Septa Aryanika,M.Pd.

Group 7:
Laviola Kusuma Al-Hakim 1711040230
Muthia Azizah 1711040240
Putri Marsya Bonita 1711040248

ENGLISH EDUCATION
TARBIYAH AND TEACHER TRAINING FACULTY
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG
2019/2020
 PREFACE

Praise be to Allah who has given us convenience so that we can

complete this paper. Without his help, it might not be possible to arrange it
well. Prayers and greetings may best be poured out to our beloved king, the
Prophet Muhammad. This paper was prepared so that readers can expand the
knowledge of "PHRASE", which we present based on observations from
various sources. The paper was collated by the authors with many obstacles.
Whether it comes from the outside or from the inside. But with great patience
and especially help from God finally this paper can be resolved. Hopefully
this paper can provide wider knowledge to readers. Although this paper has
advantages and disadvantages. Compilation requires criticism and suggestions
from readers who build.

Bandar Lampung, 29 October 2019

Compiler
 DISCUSSION

A. Definition of Phrase

Phrase is a group of related words that does not include a subject and predicate
and can not stand alone to be clause. If the words in the phrase we are
separated, then it has a different meaning when the words are put together.

B. Kind of phrase
There are five generally accepted classifications for phrases. These
classifications are generally based on the headword or construction of the
phrase. The headword can usually stand alone as a one-word phrase. It is the
only part that cannot be omitted from the phrase.

1. Noun phrase
Noun Phrase is a phrase between Noun, Pronoun or Number
(functions as head) and one or more modifiers.

Type of Noun Phrase

a. Basic Noun Phrase
There are several components that form the Basic Noun phrase,
including the following:
1) Determiner namely:
 Pre (multiplier, fraction, distributive, intensifier, exclamative),
 central (article, possessive, demonstrative)
 Post-determiner (number, quantifier).

2) Head namely:
 Noun or numeric / number.
 Examples of Basic Noun Phrases are as follows:
 My bag (my = possessive, bag = head)
 the next page (the = article, next = number, page = head)

b. Complex Noun Phrase

A noun phrase contains noun modifiers. If these modifiers are
placed before their nouns, these are called pre-modifiers. Whereas if
they are placed after the noun they are called post-modifiers. Included
in the Noun Modifier are as follows:
1) Determiner:
 Articles (the, a),
 Demonstrative (this, that)
 Numeral (two, five, etc.)
 Possessive (my, their, etc.)
 Quantifier (some, many, etc.).
In English, the Determiner is usually placed before noun.

2) Adjective (the delicious food)

Complement in the form of prepositional phrases (such as:
the student of physics), or a That-clause (the idea that the world is
a small village

Functions of a noun phrase

1) A noun phrase as subject
2) A noun phrase as a direct object
3) A noun phrase as object of a preposition
4) A noun phrase as an indirect object

Pattern of Noun Phrase Formation

1. One-noun NPs
 John, students
 2. Determinative + N
 that book, Alison’s divorce
3. Determinative + modifier + N
 the unpleasant boy
4. Determinative + N + modifier
 the dog on the sofa.

Examples of Noun Phrases (Example Noun Phrase Sentences)

1. Phrase as Subject:
 That sophisticated womanis beautiful
 The yellow houseis for sale.
 The glistening snowcovered the field.
2. Noun Phrase as Direct object
 I want a skate board.
 Should we buy the yellow house?
 I like the book that you bought.
3. Noun Phrase as Object of Preposition
 Jeff is rode on a skate board.
 Karen lives in the yellow house.
4. Noun Phrase as Indirect Object
 Lisa gave the little boy a candy.

2. Verb Phrase
A verb phrase according to MacFadyen (2011) of which head contains a
verb, its direct and/or indirect objects, and any adverb, adverb phrases, or
adverb clauses which happen to modify it. The predicate of a clause or
sentence is always a verb phrase. A verb phrase consist of an auxiliary , or
helping, verb and a main verb. The helping verb always precedes the main
verb.
 A helping verbs includes forms of be, such as am,is, are, was, were, being,
and been; forms of have, such as has and had; forms of do, such as does and
did; forms of can, such as could, will, would, and shall ; and forms of should,
such as may, might, must.
Helping verb examples:

a. We did out in the snowstorm.

b. Uma is coming to the party
c. Tantan should take his watch to get repaired
d. We will distribute pemphlets as part of our presentation
e. She was walking quickly to the zoo

Kind of verb phrase:

a. A main verb
b. I like it.
c. We laughed together
d. We are here
e. Everybody saw the accident

a. Auxiliary verb (“be”) and a main verb in –ing form:

Auxiliary
Verb (-ing)
“be”

You are Lying

Everybody Is watching
We were laughing
b. Auxiliary verb (“have”) and a main verb with past participle:

Auxillary Verb (past

“have” participle)

They have enjoyed themselves.

Everybody has worked hard.
He had finished work.

c. Auxiliary verb (“have” + “been”) and a main verb in the –ing form:

Auxiliary “have” +
Verb (-ing)
“been”

She Had been Waiting

Everybody has been working

He had been singing

d. A modal verb (can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would)
and a main verb:

Modal Verb Main verb

 Modal Verb Main verb

They will go
He might come.

You can choose

e. We can use the form modal verbs with auxiliaries “be“, “have“, and “have
been“:

Modal Auxiliary Verb

They will be listening

He might have arrived
She must have been listening

Function of verb phrase:

1. Verbs Phrases as Predicates

Verb phrases act as a predicate in a clause. According to
grammatical rules, a clause consists of subject and predicate.

 My puppy drinks
 I am studying
 The vase was brokenby the cat.
 We have eaten all the pie.
 The students will finishtheir homework.
 She will have earned her degree in May.
  Those children have been being

2. Verb Phrases as Noun Phrase Modifiers

The function of the next verb phrase is as a Noun Phrase Modifier
or phrases composed of words and phrases that act as nouns or explain
noun phrases.

 The woman reading the bookjust yelled at me.

 My dog is the puppy chewing on the rawhide.
 I saw the man sleepingon the bus.
 Do you have a book to readin the car?
 The food to eat is on the table.
 The most recent news reported by the anchormade me sad.

3. Verb Phrases as Adjective Phrase

Verb phrase function as Adjective Phrase Complements or the
composition of phrases and clauses that become complementary
(complementary) in an adjective phrase.

 You should be excited to study grammar.

 You should be happy to meet him
 My children are sad to see their grandparents leave.
 Your professor is curious to know why you dropped her class.
 The students are eager to learn about current events.

4. Verb Phrases as Verb Phrase Complements

Verb phrase is as Verb Phrase Complements. Verb phrase
complement is a phrase that completes a verb phrase.

1. She intends to attend the ceremony. (infinitive)

2. I love to drink white coffe
3. I always help my mother cook the dinner
4. My neighbors happen to own a hot air balloon.
 5. Grandpa can come start the fire for the barbecue. (base form)
6. He helps manages the student workers.

3. Adjective phrase
a. Definition
According to Nordquist (2004) stated that adjective phrase is a
word group with an adjective as its head (core). Therefore, the
adjective phrase aims to explain the adjective in more detail. The main
function of the objective phrase is to explain the noun and adjective
phrase can appear at the start,end, or in the middle of the phrase.
For example:
1) She is Very beautiful girl
2) Look! That is Quite expensive book
3) I think that is Quite easy way
4) Wirda says that is Pretty funny news
5) Why you always late come home

b. Kind of adjective phrase

1. Attributive position
Attributive position is an adjective phrase whose stand/use
before noun that we want to describe or stand in front of noun.

 She is really pretty student

 We need a very smart phone
 I need an extremely spicy food, today
 I know that, he is terribly a wise person
 Vikus is an extremely beautiful girl
 We never cycle in heavy rain

In the example sentence above, really pretty and very smart is the
adjective phrase that explains the noun in front of it, namely student
and phone.
 2. Predicative position

Predicative position is the adjective phrase that is located after the

linking verb, but does not explain the noun in front of it, because there is
no noun in front of the adjective phrase.

 Your bag is very expensive

 Your brother is really handsome
 Mia so afraid
 Rian is quite fat
 The weather in the country is very hot

Very expensive and really handsome is the adjective phrase that lies after
be. The adjective phrase function in the sentence above is as a complement to the
verb.

4. Adverbial Phrase

Adverbial phrase is a group of words (phrases) that modifies a verb, an

adjective or a complete sentence. Adverbial phrase is a phrase that tell us
something more about the action word in a sentence or describes the verb in a
sentence. . Adverbial give us more information about the sentence by answering
questions like Where, when, how, why, how long,

Types of adverbial phrase:

1. Degree adverbial phrases

A degree adverbial is used to modify an adverb in an adverbial phrase.
For example:
1) the degree adverbial very modifies the adverb quickly;

2) the degree adverbial extremely modifies the adverb hard;

 3) the degree adverbial really modifies the adverb well; and
4) the degree adverbial so modifies the adverb soon
The example are:
 They repaired my car very quickly
 He worked extremely hard in this game
 She did really well in her race

2. Modifier adverbial phrases

Modifier adverbial phrases combine with a sentence, and the removal of
the adverbial phrase yields a well-formed sentence.
For example:
 I’ll go to bed in an hour
 We arrive three hours late

3. Complement adverbial phrases

Adverbial phrases functioning as complements usually arise when an
adverb licenses a complement as a selectional requirement. Nearly all of these
complements license an adjoining prepositional phrase.
For example:
 Purchase of state vehicles is handled similarly to all state purchases
 Foreign firms in US markets are treated equally with their US
counterparts.

Categories of adverbial phrase:

1. Adverb phrase of place

Is such phrases that tell us about the place of the action. The
adverbs of place mainly modify verbs and tell us where something takes
place.
The commonly used single-word adverbial of place are everywhere, here,
there, inside, outside, behind, etc.
For example:
 a. Let’s play hide and seek outside the room
b. I called him outside the mall
It’s tells us about the location of the action. So, in the sentence an
adverb phrase of place answers the question “where”.

2. Adverb phrase of time

The commonly used adverbials of time are: yesterday, later, today,
last year, next week, tonight, since, since last century, etc.
For example:
a. I met him yesterday
b. I have know him since last five years.
When an adverb phrase gives us information about the time where
the action happens, it is an adverb phrase of time. So, in the sentence
an adverb phrase of time answers the question “when”.

3. Adverb phrase of manner

Is such phrases that tell us about the manner or way the action
takes place. The commonly used adverbials of manner are: well, loudly,
roughly, easily, fast, wisely, rightfully, ect.
For example:
a. Time flies very quickly.
b. She speaks english well
When an adverb phrase gives us information about the manner how
the action happens, it is an adverb phrase of manner. So, in the
sentence an adverb phrase of manner answers the question “how”.

4. Adverb phrase of reason

Is such phrases that tell us about the reason behind an action. The
commonly used adverbials of reason are: therefore, thus, as, because, that,
etc.
For example:
 a. Felix was not allowed to attend the lecturer because he was very late.
b. We are glad that mac has come
In the sentence an adverb phrase of reason answers the question
“why”.

5. Adverb phrase of frequency

Adverbials that tell us about the regularity or the frequency of an
action. The commonly used adverbials of frequency are always, often,
seldom, never,usually etc.
For example:
a. He has never seen a tiger
b. I visit my family usually in the weekend.
In the sentence an adverb phrase of frequency answers the question
“how long”.

5. Prepositional Phrase

Is a combination of prepositions and their objects (called objects of

preposition) which can be noun (phrase), pronoun, or gerund.

For example:

a. A singer with passion

b. A town near London
c. Keep in time.
d. He acts without thinking.
Kinds of prepositional phrase

1. Adjective prepositional phrase

Functions as an adjective describing the noun in front of it.
Example:
a. The cat under the table is sleeping.
b. The look in his eyes is so terrifying.
c. We are talking about the issues at work.

2. Adverbial prepositional phrase

Functions like an adverb describing a noun (Verb), adjective
(Adjective), or adverb (Adverb).
Example:
a. Susi will skip English class on next Friday
b. Siska and I always do a warm up before exercising
c. Siska and I always do a warm up before exercising
 QUESTION

NOUN PHRASE

1. They Hope to win the main prize of the competition

a. They Hope to c. The main prize of the competition
b. To win d. The main prize

2. The Children at the school tried to solve the math problem

a. The Children c. Tried to solve
b. At the school d. To solve the math problem

3. Did you enjoy watching the movie?

a. Watching the movie c. did you enjoy
b. did you d. enjoy watching

4. the girl wants to go home

a. the girl c. the girl wants
b. to go home d. wants to go

5. the girl denied yelling her friend

a. the girl denied c. denied yelling
b. yelling her friend d. her friend

6. The culprit refuse to answer the question

a. the culprit refuse c. to answer the question
b. the question d. refuse to answer

7. the dogs prefer living in light stables

a. prefer living c. the dogs prefer living
b. living in light staples d. the dogs

8. To text your ex-wife is disgraceful

a. To text your ex-wife c. Your ex-wife
b. Your ex-wife is disgraceful d. Is disgraceful

9. They will hate to do such a homework

a. They will hate c. To do such a homework
b. To do such d. A homework
10. She dislikes having to cut her hair
a. She dislikes c. To cut her hair
b. Having to d. Her hair

VERB PHRASE

1. My mother has been ____ Rendang. Since this morning because my

boyfriend will ____ to my house.
a. Cook, came c. Cooked,come
b. Cooks, come d. Cooking,came

2. Ariel Noah will be ____ in the orphanage the day after tomorrow.
a. Sing c. sang
b. Sings d. Singing

3. Viola ____ her last degin project for this month perfectly. But, she ____ to
submit it.
a. Have finished, forgot c. Has finishing, forget
b. Has finished, forgets d. Have finish, Forgoten

4. ____ your brother teach you on Saturday? Because I ___ that your brother
is smart.
a. Do, knows c. Is, knew
b. Does, know d. Are, know

5. Angelina Jolie ___ ___ a red dress in her cupboard.

a. Have , Took c. Has, taking
b. Has, took d. Have, take

6. The vas was broken by the cat.

a. Broken c. Broken by
b. The vas was d. Was broken

7. Tika and Tiki are going to visit our hotel tomorrow

a. Going to c. Are going to
b. Going d. Are going to visit
 8. You should be excited to study grammar.
a. Should be excited c. Excited to
b. To study grammar d. Study grammar

9. My mother always happy, wherever she is.

a. Wherever she is c. Always happy
b. My mother always d. Happy

10. Mery would get a good GMAT score, like dava said yesterday.
a. Mery would c. Good GMAT score
b. Would get d. Dava said

ADJECTIVE PHRASE

1. Your speech is not too terribly short.

a. Speech is not too terribly c. Your speech is not too
b. terribly short d. Too terribly short.

2. This is a delicious and quite expensive food.

a. This is a delicious c. Delicious and quite expensive food
b. Delicious and quite d. quite expensive food

3. Your bag is really beautiful, I want it.

a. Really beautiful c. Your bag
b. I want it d. Bag is really

4. She was extremely happy when I gave her a toy.

a. Extremely c. Was extremely happy
b. Happy d. Extremely happy

5. I hate your old-fashioned long dress.

a. I hate c. Long dress
b. Old fashioned long dress d. Old fashioned

6. Don’t be too serious when you are studying mathematics.

a. Too serious c. Serious when you are
studying
b. When you are studying mtk d. Don’t be
7. NCT 123 has the huge and overly enthusiastic fans.
a. Has the huge c. huge and overly enthusiastic fans.
b. Huge and overly d. Overly enthusiastic

8. This food taste is awfully bad.

a. Awfully bad c. The food taste
b. Food taste d. Taste is awfully

9. Those highly smart students gave their performance in the competition.

a. Highly smart c. Smart student
b. Highly smart students d. Their performance

10. I don’t feel very healthy right now.

a. Very healthy c. Right now
b. Feel d. Healthy right now
ADVERBIAL PHRASE

1. The recruitment process moved so slowly.

a. adverbial of place c. adverbial of purpose
b. adverbial of manner d. adverbial of frequency

2. We met on an airplane from Jakarta to Tokyo.

a. adverbial of purpose c. adverbial of place
b. adverbial of frequency d. adverbial of time

3. She talks to English native speakers to improve her communication skills.

a. adverbial of time c. adverbial of manner
b. adverbial of purpose d. adverbial of frequency

4. She changes her mind every day.

a. adverbial of manner c. adverbial of purpose
b. adverbial of frequency d. adverbial of time

5. The table has been prepared for us.

a. adverbial of purpose c. adverbial of manner
b. adverbial of place d. adverbial of time

6. I often feel drowsy after lunch.

a. adverbial of place c. adverbial of time
b. adverbial of manner d. adverbial of frequency

7. He got a job with no work experience.

a. adverbial of manner c. adverbial of purpose
b. adverbial of place d. adverbial of frequency

8. You should _______ smooke as it is dangerous for your health.

a. Always c. usually
b. Never d. Often

9. Speak ________, I cannot hear you.

a. Loudly c. Slowly
b. Hardly d. Quickly

10. How _________ do you go there

a. Never c. Seldom
b. Often d. Ever
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE

1. The example of preposition phrase?

a. You are beautiful c.We walked up the early in the
morning.
b. I will buy a little sugar d. He didn’t do the homework

2. The example of adjective preposition phrase?

a. The girl in the Lehenga Dress is my elder sister. c. the dog barks at night
b. We have a house right by the sea. d. I go to surabaya

3. the example of adverbial preposition phrase?

a. i am going to abroud c. richard works in australia
b. Meet me at the market after this evening. d. Devy was at home alone

4.____________fire, break glass to escape.

a. in case of c. In case on
b. in case d. in case with

5. I am standing here_______________ my friends.

a. in behalf of c. In behalf
b. on behalf of d. on behalf

6. We solved the problem _________________a new device developed by our

engineers.
a. by means of c. by means on
b. by means d. by means to

7._________________, I had a happy childhood.

a. in the whole c. at the whole
b.on the whole d. the whole of

8. Can you help me_____________?

a. in anyway c. on anyway
b. in any way d. any way

9. She didn’t allow cancer to discourage her. ____________, she began to work
twice as hard
a. on the contrary c. at the contrary
b. in the contrary d. to the contrary
10. _______________, we are impressed with her performance.
a. in general c. at generally
b.on general d. in generally

ANSWER KEY

A. NOUN PHRASE

1. C 6. C
2. D 7. B
3.A 8. A
4. B 9. C
5. B 10. C

B. VERB PHRASE

1. C 6. D
2. D 7. D
3. B 8. A
4. B 9. C
5. B 10. C

C. ADJECTIVE PHRASE

1. D 6. A
2. C 7. C
3. A 8. A
4. D 9. C
5. B 10. A
D. ADVERB PHRASE

1. B 6. C
2. C 7. D
3. B 8. B
4. B 9. A
5. A 10. B

E. PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE

1. C 6. A
2. A 7. B
3. B 8. B
4. B 9. A
5. B 10. A
 MORPHOLOGY

“CLAUSE”

Lecturer : Septa Aryanika, M.Pd

Group 8 :

NORMA YUNITA 1711040232

RISTIKA DAMAYANTI 1711040242

ENGLISH EDUCATION MAJOR

TARBIYAH AND TEACHER FACULTY

STATE ISLAMI UNIVERSITY RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG

2019/2020
A.Definition of Clause

A clause is a group of related words. It contains a subject and a verb ( Betty,

1993:346).

Clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb it can take the place
of different parts of speech.

Clause is a group of words containing subject and predicate. Subject is about what
or who is being talked about while predicate explains something about subject.

Subject can be in the form of people, animals, object, or abstract concepts, while
predicate is verb or auxiliary verb + verb with/without additional words to
complete the meaning of the sentence.

Subject predicate
She cooks
Sarah is sleeping

Clause may be a sentence that can stand alone as a sentence, namely an

independent clause or like a sentence that can not stand alone called a dependent
clause.

1.Independent Clause

Independent clause can stand alone as a sentence. Types of sentence that consist
of one independent clause are called simple sentences. English clauses can also be
combined with other independent clauses to form compound sentences which the
two clauses are combined with coordinate conjunction(for, and, not, but, or, yet,
so), only semicolons or adverbial conjunction(however, rather, therefore, etc).

Example of independent clause:

Kind of example sentence

Simple sentence

The ceremony started at 7:00 a.m.

( The ceremony stars at seven in the morning).

She prefers mangoes to oranges.

( He prefers mangoes that oranges).

Compound sentence

I like that bag, but I have no money.

( I like the bag, but I don’t have money).

You’ve finished my task; you can go home now.

( You have completed the assignment; you can go home now)

2.Dependent Clause

The dependent clause contains subject and predicate but cannot express a whole
mind because this clause is preceded by a word called a subordinator, which
causes the meaning of the clause to hang. This English clause must be linked or
combined with an independent clause (as main clause) into a type of sentence
called of complex sentence to make it “make sense” or its meaning can be
understood in its entirety. There are three basic types of dependent clause,
namely:

Noun clause

Adjective clause

Adverbial clause

Noun Clause

Definition of Noun

The English word “noun” comes from the latin ‘nomen’ meaning ‘name’. The
function of noun is to name someone or something.

According to Oxford Dictionary ( Pearsall, 1999:945), noun is word used to

identify any of a class of people, places or things, or to name a particular one of
these.

It can be concluded that noun is a word that functions to identify someone or

something.
A noun clause is a dependent clause and cannot stand alone as a sentence ( Betty
Schrampfer Azar, 1993:346). In a noun clause, the full subject and predicate are
retained. The noun clause fills the same positions and serves the same function as
noun. Act as simple nouns and identify persons, places, things, etc. So, it can be
concluded that noun clause is a dependent clause that has function as a subject,
object, or complement.

They are introduce by words such as:

How

If

That

Whether

Which

Who

What

When

Where

Whose

Why

Whom

Whomever

Functions of Noun Clause:

Subject sentence

Subject complement

Direct object

Object complement

Object of the preposition

Adjective phrase complement

Appositive.

Noun Clause as the Subject of a Sentence

The first grammatical function that noun clauses perform is the subject. A subject
is a word,phrase, or clause that performs the action of or acts upon the verb.

Example:

Whoever ate my lunch is in big trouble.

How you will finish all your homework on time is beyond me.

For you to not graduate from college now is such as shame.

Noun Clause as Subject Complement

A subject complement is a word, phrase, or clause that follows a copular, or

linking, verb anddescribe the subject of the clause. The terms predicate
nominative and predicate noun are also used for noun clauses that function as
subject complements.

Example:

The truth was that the moving company lost all your furniture.

My question is whether you will sue the company for losses.

Noun Clause as Direct Object

A direct object is a word, phrase, or clause that follows a transitive verb and
answers thequestion “who?” or “what?” receives the action of the verb.

Example:

The counselor has been wondering if she chose the right career.
Do you know when the train should arrive?

I would hate for you to get hurt.

Noun Clause as Object Complement

Object complements are defined as words, phrases, and clauses that directly
follow and modifythe direct object.

Example:

Her grandfather considers his biggest mistake that he did not finish collage.

The committee has announced the winner whoever wrote the essay on noun
clauses.

Noun Clause as Prepositional Complement

The sixth grammatical function that noun clauses perform is the prepositional
complement. A prepositional complement is a word, phrase or clause that directly
follows a preposition and completes the meaning of the preposition phrase.

Example:

Some people believe in whatever organized religion tells them.

We have been waiting for whoever will pick us up from the party.

Noun Clause as Adjective Phrase Complement

An adjective phrase complement is a phrase or clause that completes the meaning

of an adjectivephrase.

Example:

I am pleased that you are studying noun clauses.

The toddler was surprised that throwing a tantrum did not get him his way.

Noun Clause as Appositive

An appositive is a word, phrase, or clause that modifies or explains another noun

phrase.

Example:

That man, whoever is he, tried to steal some library books.

The problem, that the storm knocked out power, is affecting the entire town.

Adjective Clause

Adjective clause or adjective clause which is often referred to as relative clause is

a type ofclause or clause which is always used to replace adjectives or adjectives
and always explain the state of a noun or pronoun. The adjective clause also
functions as an explanatory, identifying or giving additional information about an
object (noun). This function is usually referred to as a modifier. Adjective clause
can be classified into 2 types, including:

Relative pronoun

Relative pronoun, also known as conjunctive pronoun, is a type of adjective

clause or adjective clause used by using conjunctions or relative pronouns used as
conjunctions. Relative pronoun or what is known as a conjunctive pronoun can be
use to:

Subject of sentence

Used for subjects in a sentence. Note the example sentence below:

The student is called angel.

She gave me a book.

Become a relative pronoun

The student who gave me a book is called angel.

Object of verb

Which is used to accompany the object of the verb. Consider the example
sentence below:

You like the story

She wrote it

Become a relative pronoun

You like the story which (that) she wrote

Object of preposition

Used to accompany objects from preposition. Consider the example sentence

below:

He is a lawyer

I told you about him

Become a relative pronoun

He is a lawyer who I told you

Possessive adjective

Which is used to express their own adjectives. Consider the example sentence
below:

I reach the woman

Her composition is good

Become a relative pronoun

I reach the women whose composition is good.

Relative adverb

Relative adverb or what is known as conjunction is one type of adjective clause or

adjective clause used by using relative adverb conjunction used in compound
sentence.

Relative adverb, or what are known as conjunction, can use WH questions, such
as “what”, “why”, “who”, “where”, “when”, “how”. The use of WH question can
be replace or change to relative adverb by replacing it with the word ”that”.

Example:

The reason why I came should be question by you

Become a relative adverb

The reason that I came should be question by you

The small village where they were to leave yesterday

Become a relative adverb

The small village that they were to leave yesterday.

Adverbial Clause

Adverb clause is a dependent clause (clause that can not stand alone) that
identifies how, when, where, why, or in the condition of something that happens
or can even express contrast (differences).

Kind of Adverb Clause:

Adverb Clause of Time

An adverbial clause that states time. To show the adverb clause of time we can
use subordinating conjunction: after, as long as, as soon as, before, since, until,
when, while.

Example:

When I was reading an English book, my friend came.

I’ll tell you as soon as I know

Before I play basketball, I was a soccer player.

Adverb Clause of Place

An adverbial clause that states place. We can use subordinating conjunction:

where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere.

Example:

You may go wherever you like.

Wherever you are, I’ll be able to find you.

Anywhere you go, sports stars are national heroes.

Adverb Clause of Reason

An adverbial clause that states reason. We can use subordinating conjunction: as,
because, since.

Example:

Bella doesn’t go to school because she is sick.

Since it’s raining so heavily, I can’t go out.

He was unable to play in the final games as he had hurt his ankle.

Adverb Clause of Manner

An adverbial clause that states manner.

Example:

Do as I ask you to do.

Adverb Clause of Contrast/Concession

An adverbial clause that states contrast/concession. We can use subordinating

conjunction: although, even though, though, while.
Example:

He is still poor although he has worked so hard.

Even though I don’t have much money, I will try to help him.

They won the game, though they didn’t really deserve the victory.

Adverb Clause of Condition

An adverbial clause that states condition. We can use subordinating conjunction:

if, even if, only if, unless.

Example:

You’ll succeed, if you do your best.

If I were a bird, I would fly.

You won’t be rich unless you work hard.

You will be comfortable inside the house even if it’s cold and raining outside.

Adverb Clause of Result

An adverbial clause that states result.

Example:

She is so short that she can’t become a stewardess.

She studies so hard that she is successful in her study.

Adverb Clause of Purpose

An adverbial clause that states purpose.

Example:

Susan takes a computer lesson in order that she can get a job easily.

People eat nutritious food so that they will keep healthy.

Adverb Clause of Comparison

An adverbial clause that states comparison.

Example:

Johan can speak English as fluently as his teacher.

An elephant is stronger than a rabbit.

 REFERENCES
Ahmadi, Rulam. 1993. Introduction to English Grammar. Yogya: kanisius.

http://bahasainggrisonlines.blogspot.com/noun-clause.html

https://id.scribd.com

Azar, Betty Schrampfer.2003. Fundamental English grammar third edition.

Washinton: Longman.
NOUN CLAUSE

1. Please tell me . . . Makes you cry

a. if
b. what
c. whether
d. how
2. I do not know . . . He has no parents
a. that
b. why
c. what
d. when
3. She is the person . . . I met in front of the school
a. whom
b. who
c. that
d. if
4. I’m not sure . . . He go to work or not today
a. if
b. whether
c. does
d. had
5. Please tell me . . . Do you want
a. what
b. if
c. when
d. why
6. . . . I do is to make you happy
a. when
b. how
c. what
d. where
7. I do not know . . . He’s married or not
a. whether
b. has
c. have
d. if
8. Can you tell me . . . The accident happened
a. what
b. if
c. whether
d. when
9. Please explain me . . . To make a jar
a. what
b. can
 c. have
d. how

10. I do not know . . . You are

a. when
b. where
c. was
d. if

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

1. The man …..lives across the school is my uncle

a. what
b. who
c. why
d. when
2. The girl ….. umbrella is on the rain is my little sister
a. why
b. who
c. whose
d. how
3. The student …..I met is Mariam
a. that
b. then
c. when
d. whom
4. Do you wear the dress …. I gave it to you for your birthday?
a. that
b. which
c. when
d. where
5. Can you see the cat …is on the fence?
a. that
b. then
c. when
d. where
6. I still remember the place….we meet last week
a. where
b. What
c. whether
d. does
7. Give me reason…..you leave me alone!
a. why
b. what
 c. whether
d. does
8. Bali ….is located in Indonesian, was may favourite destination to visit
a. who
b. whom
c. which
d. that

9. Special prizes is available for the class …wins in the English contest
a. that
b. if
c. what
d. how
10. Someone sent her a message …… made her angry all day long
a. whether
b. which
c. what
d. that

ADVERBIAL CLAUSE

1. Please put the book….you go out

a. what
b. before
c. while
d. when
2. They will sleep….they find an empy spot
a. why
b. who
c. wherever
d. how
3. They may lose again…..yesterday
a. that
b. like
c. whehen
d. whom
4. Budi had behaved so kindly……he received a gift
a. after
b. that
c. when
d. where
5. I’II do my homework….. I go back to school
a. that
b. before
 c. when
d. where
6. Annie gets excited….she sees a dog
a. where
b. what
c. whenever
d. does
7. We met kind people…..we went
a. that
b. what
c. whether
d. everywhere

8. I only watch Tv…… my favorite show is on

a. who
b. after
c. which
d. if
9. She looked….she was in pain
a. like
b. if
c. as though
d. how
10. I’m not sure …. She lives
a. whether
b. which
c. what
d. where
NOUN CLAUSE

1.B

2.A

3.A

4.B

5.A

6.C

7.D

8.D

9.D

10.B

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

1.B

2.C

3.D

4.B

5.A

6.A

7.A

8.C

9.A

10.B
ADVERBIAL CLAUSE

1.B

2.C

3.B

4.B

5.B

6.C

7.D

8.D

9.C

10.D