Czeremar. S.

Chan BSN2-A November 22, 2019

Case Discussion

SANITATION

The Philippines sanitation of sourcebook and decision aid

developed by the DENR, the DOH and the Local Water
Utilities Administration (LWUA) in 2005 limited the
definition of sanitation to "the hygienic and proper
management, collection, disposal, and reuse of human
excreta (feces and urine) and community liquid wastes to
safeguard the health of individuals and communities."

 In 2005, the sanitation and hygeine

promotion programming guidelines
developed the F-diagram that propose the 6Fs that form part of the means to transmit
microorganisms in fecal materials to a new host namely : Feces, Fingers, Fluids, Flies,
Fields/Floors, Foods.
 A general classification of sanitation systems could be done according to water reliance.

Water reliant systems - make use of water to flush and transport the waste material to the collection
system, this requiring a continuous supply of water.

 Communities or ressetlement areas that do not have access to continuous water supply my
have problems in compliance to the use of this facilities.
 Nonwater relaint systems make use of "dry" storage of urine and feces.
 It is important to note, however, that a small amount of water may be use to cleanse the parts of
the dry system, such as that of vacuum flush toilets of buses and airplanes.
 These toilet system treat or store the materials on site as they are not connected to sewerages
systems. A toilet system that is not connected to sewerages system is called privy.

The following are some of the sanitation facilities that a nurse or a sanitation officer may encounter in
the community.

 Box and Can privy (bucket latrine) - fecal matter is collected in a can of bucket which is
periodically removed for emptying and cleaning.

 Pit Latrine - fecal matter is eliminated

into a hole in the ground that leads to a
dug pit.
 Antipolo Toilet - it is made up of an elevated pit privy that has a covered latrine. The elevation
ensures that the bottom of the pit is at least 1.5 meters above the water table.

 Septic Privy - fecal matter is collected in a built septic tank

that is not connected to a sewerage system. The septic tank contains water but there is no drop
pipe from the latrine that is dipped into water.
 Aqua Privy - fecal matter is eliminated into a water-sealed drop pipe that leads from the latrine
to a small water filled septic tank located directly below the squatting plate.

 Over hung Latrine - fecal material is directly

eliminated into a body of water such as a flowing river
that is underneath the facility.

 Ventilated improved Pit (VIP) Latrine - it is a pit

Latrine with a screened air vent installed directly over
the pit.

 Concrete Vault Privy - fecal matter is collected in a pit privy lined

with concrete in such a manner so as to make it water right.
 Chemical Privy - fecal matter is collected into a
tank that contains a caustic chemical solution which
in turns controls and facilitates the waste
decomposition.

 Compost Privy - fecal matter is collected into a

pit with urine and anal cleansing materials with
the addition of organic garbage such as leaves and
grass to allow biological decomposition
and production of agricultural or fishpond
compost (night soil)

 Pour-flush Latrine - it has a bowl with water seal trap similar to the conventional tank flush
toilets except that is requires only a small volume of water for flushing.
 Tank flush Toilet - feces are excreted into a bowl with a water sealed trap. The water tank that
receives a limited amount of water empties into the bowl for flushing of feca materials through
the water sealed trap and into the sewerage systems.

 Urine Diversion Dehydration Toilet (UDDT)

- it is a waterless toilet system that allows the
separate collection and on-site storage or treatment of urine and feces.