Disposal Of

Garbage
 Solid
Waste
• Commonly known as Trash, Garbage, refuse or
rubbish
• everyday items that are discarded by the public.
• Solid waste can be defined as non liquid material
that no longer has any value to the person who is
responsible for it
• The composition of municipal waste varies greatly
from country to country
• Garbage generate at different levels
– Domestic, commercial, industrial, healthcare, agriculture
activities.
• Waste from houses, streets, shops, offices, industries
and hospitals are usually considered to be
responsibility of Municipality or local government to
remove and dispose in environment friendly manner
 Effect of solid waste in recent
years
• Cloud burst in Mumbai (2005) clogged the sewage lines due
to large no. of indisposed plastic bags.
• Plague epidemic in Surat (1996) caused majorly due to
indisposed
solid waste present within city
• Reduction in Bird migration
• Death of birds/animals due to consumption of plastic
bags and contaminated food
• Reduction of cultivable land
For efficient solid waste, waste are categorized in two
types Bio-degradable materials:
• food and kitchen waste, green waste, paper,
food and green waste (can also be recycled).
Non Bio-degradable materials:
• Recyclable material: paper, glass, bottles, cans,
metals, certain plastics, fabrics, clothes, batteries
etc.
• Inert waste: construction and demolition waste, dirt,
rocks, debris.
• Electrical and electronic waste (WEEE) -
electrical appliances, TVs, computers,
screens, etc.
• Composite wastes: waste clothing, Tetra Packs,
waste plastics such as toys.
• Hazardous waste including most paints,
chemicals, light bulbs, fluorescent tubes, spray
 Sources and Types of Municipal Solid
Waste
Sources Typical Components of solid waste
waste
generators
Residential Single and Food wastes, paper, cardboard, plastics,
multifamily textiles, glass, metals, ashes, special
dwellings wastes (bulky items, consumer
electronics, batteries, oil, tires) and
household hazardous waste
Commercial Stores, hotels, Paper, cardboard, plastics, wood,
restaurants, markets, food wastes, glass, metals,
office buildings special wastes, hazardous wastes
Institutional Schools, government Paper, cardboard, plastics, wood,
center, hospitals, food wastes, glass, metals,
prisons special wastes, hazardous wastes
Municipa Street cleaning, Street sweepings, landscape and
l landscaping, parks, tree trimmings, general wastes
services beaches, from parks, beaches, and other
recreational areas recreational areas
 Solid Waste
Management
Solid Waste Management: Systematic well planned and well
managed control on generation, collection, storage,
transport, source separation, processing, treatment,
recovery and disposal of solid waste.

Resource recovery is the selective extraction of disposed

materials for a specific next use, such as recycling,
composting or energy generation. The aim of the resource
recovery is to extract the maximum practical benefits from
products.

Solid waste can be divided into three

sections
• Collection of solid waste
• Conveyance of solid waste
• Disposal of solid waste
 Collections of Solid
Waste
• Collection of solid waste from
individual premises to the
community level.
• Waste must be segregated at the source
by collecting separately to facilitate
recycling of both types of solid wastes -
bio-degradable and non bio-degradable
• There are several ways to collect and
transport waste for disposal
 Garbage
Containers
They are available in many sizes
• Dust beans for office and domestic used
– Are designed for easy handling
– Available in different sizes generally 300mm
diameter
– Most of them are covered with lid
– Made of plastic or metal
• Garbage Cans for building or apartment
– Are bigger in size generally 450x450 or
600x600mm
– Wheeled end with handle for easy handling
– Usually made out of plastic and metal
• Waste container for community
or neighborhood level
– Are still bigger in size 1200x1800 or 1500 x
2100
– Made of metal or plastic
– Special handles will be provided so that
vehicles will automatically lift and empty
 REFUSE (Garbage)
CHUTES
Conveyance within Multi-storeyed
Buildings

• Refuse chute system built in multi-

storeyed residential buildings for
transporting and collecting the
refuse from flats at different
heights.
• The refuse is received from the
successive flats through the
inlets located on the vertical
system of pipes that convey
refuse through it and
discharges into the collecting
chamber from where the refuse
is cleared at suitable intervals.
• Components of garbage chute
are, the inlet hopper (flap
opening), the collection chamber
(wheel container is placed in a
 Main
Components
• Chute—A vertical pipe system
passing from floor to floor
provided with ventilation and
inlet openings, for receiving
refuse from successive flats
and ending at the ground
floor on the top of the
collecting chamber.
• Inlet Hopper—A receptacle
fitting for receiving refuse
from each flat and dropping it
into the chute.
• Collection Chamber—A
compartment situated at the
lower end of the chute for
collecting and housing the
refuse during the period
 CHUTE
S
Number of Chutes—
The number of chutes depends upon
– the convenience to the user and
– the quantity of refuse to be handled between two subsequent
clearings.

Material of Construction—
Chutes may be constructed
out of
– asbestos cement,
– R.C.C. Pipe or
– Stainless steel
with smooth inside finish.

Diameter of the Pipe—

Chutes shall be of a minimum internal diameter of 380mm

Finish—
The inside surface of the chute-should be finished as smoothly as
• Location—
– The chute may be carried through service shafts meant for carrying
drainage
pipes.
– The location shall be mostly determined by the position of inlet
hopper and the collecting chamber that is most convenient for the
user.
– It should also be considered to locate the chute away from living
rooms in order to avoid noise and smell nuisance.
• Construction—
– The chute pipes should be assembled vertically, and-properly
clamped to the wall.
– The joints should be of cement mortar arid the chute may be
squarely embedded into the surrounding walls.
• Ventilation—
– Natural ventilation should be adequate to prevent any possible odour
nuisance.
– The upper end of the chute, that is, beyond the uppermost floor
should be provided with a ventilation pipe to the full bore which
should rise 2 to 2.5 m above the roof or terrace of the building.
– An umbrella type cowl with wire mesh at the top will be helpful to
prevent
 Chute
Maintenance
• Access—Each chute pipe should be provided
with an access door-at intervals not greater
than every third floor.
• Wrapping of Refuse—To help preventing
spillage and blockage, the residents should
be encouraged to wrap their refuse.
• Flushing of Chute—Y-connection at terrace
level may preferably be provided in order
to direct a water hose for cleaning
purposes, if needed.
CHAMBER
Location—
• The collection chamber shall be
situated at ground level.
Capacity—
• If the refuse is discharged directly on the
floor of the collection chamber, the
capacity is designed on the quantity of
refuse expected from the chute between
two consecutive clearings.
• It may be recommended to provide am
minimu capacity of 0.054 m3/family or
apartment per day.
• In the case of chutes serving small
number of apartments, the minimum sizen
of the collectio chamber shall be 1.2 × 1.2
× 1.8 m in order to facilitate providing
trolley and easy cleaning of the chamber.
• Normally the height of chute bottom
above the top of the container shall be
about 30 cm in order not to allow any
refuse to spill on the floor of the
chamber.
• It will be preferable to provide a minimum
head room of 2 m for the collection
 Disposal of Solid
Waste
• This is the most important part of the
system which requires maximum
attention
• Solid waste is dropped in a location with
arrangements to segregate waste for
recycling and reuse
• Methods of Disposal
– Landfill : Open dump and Sanitary Landfill
– Incineration
– Ocean Dumping
 Traditional methods:
Landfills
• There are two basic types of landfills Open
dumping and Sanitary Landfill
• Open Dumping
– Very Cheap and convenient
– Requires more land which would become unfit for habitation
– Unsanitary, draws pests and vermin, harmful runoff and
leachates , toxic gases
– Still accounts for half of solid waste
• Sanitary Landfills
– Layer of compacted trash covered with a layer of earth once a
day and a thicker layer when the site is full
– Require impermeable barriers to stop escape of leachates: can
cause problem by overflow
– Gases produced by decomposing garbage needs venting
– Cheap and convenient than any other disposal other than
open dumping.
– Requires more land which would become unfit for habitation
 Organic Waste
Disposal
• Composite Pit / Vermi
compost:
• Bio gas Plant
Composite Pit / Vermi
compost:
– Vermi compost is a rich organic medium
consisting of nutrients, plant growth promoting
substances, and beneficial micro organisms
necessary for plant growth.
– It is made from agricultural waste and the
use of earthworms.
– By using a layered process over a period of time,
an organic medium is derived that reduces the
need for large amounts of pesticides and even
fertilizers.
 Bio Gas
Plant
• Organic waste (night soil, animal dung, agro) are
converted into Fuel gas and manure
• The bio gas plant is consists of 2 components a
digester and a gas holder
• Digester is a cube shape or cylindrical water
proof container with an inlet and outlet
• The gas holder is normally floating, collects the
gas and supplies through a gas outlet
• The outlet of digester leads the sludge out into a
pit for drying to make manure
• There are basically two types of Bio gas plants
– Floating gas holder type bio gas plant and
– Fixed dome type bio gas plant
 Inorganic waste
Disposal
• Reduc
e
• Reuse
• Recycl
e
 Reduce &
Reuse
• Most fundamental method of reducing
waste is to prevent it from being produced
(Waste Prevention).
• Reusing the unwanted waste reduce the
waste generated at the source
• Advantages of Reduce and reuse at
Individuals and Industry level
– Saves natural resources.
– Reduces waste toxicity
– Reduces costs
 Recyclin
g
Recycling benefits are
• Resource conservation
• Pollution reduction
– Crushed glass reduces energy required to manufacture new
glass by 50%.
– One Sunday edition of N.Y. times consumes 62,000 trees.
– Only 40% of North American paper is recycled.
– Over 60% of aluminum cans recycled.
• Saves money, raw materials, and land.
• Encourages individual responsibility.
• Reduces pressure on disposal systems.
– Japan recycles about half of all household and commercial
wastes.
• Lowers demand for raw resources.