Phytotherapy Assignment

Student: Eman Mohammed, ID NO. 201000000

Supervisor: Dr. Ibrahim Abu Alfoutoh

"Write at least 5 herbal drugs, Botanical Name, Part Used, A.C, Uses and Herb-Drug
Interactions with the type of interaction."

1. Senna Leaf

Origin: Cassia Senna, Family: Angustifolia

Part Used: Dried Leaf

A.C: Anthraquinon Glycoside (Sennoside A,B, C and D)

Uses: For Constipation, Stimulant Laxative

H-D interactions: Moderate

 Digoxin (Lanoxin); Pharmacodynamics interaction

 Warfarin Coumadin; Pharmacodynamics Interaction

 Diuretic drugs: Pharmacodynamics

chlorothiazide (Diuril), chlorthalidone (Thalitone), furosemide (Lasix), hydrochlorothiazide

(HCTZ, Hydrodiuril, Microzide), and others.

 Hormonal Pills: Pharmacokinetic Interaction

estrogens (Premarin), ethinyl estradiol, estradiol, and others.

 Atropine; Difenoxin/ Diphenoxylate: Pharmacokinetic

Bumetanide, Droperidol, Ethacrynic Acid, Furosemide, Loop diuretics

Torsemide: Pharmacodynamic

Dichlorphenamide: Pharmacodynamic

Lactulose, Polyethylene Glycol

 2. Ephedra Herb

Origin: Ephedra Sinica, Family: Ephedracea

Part Used: Dried Leaf

A.C: Alkaloid Amine mainly ephedrine

Uses: Bronchial Asthma, Cought

H-D interactions: All are Pharmacodynamics interaction

 iobenguane I 123
 isocarboxazid
 linezolid
 phenelzine
 procarbazine
 rasagiline
 selegiline
 selegiline transdermal
 tranylcypromine
 amitriptyline
 amoxapine
 cabergoline,.
 clomipramine
 clomipramine,
 desipramine
 dihydroergotamine
 dihydroergotamine intranasal
 doxapram
 doxepin
 ergotamine
 ergotamine
3. Cranberry fruit

Origin: Vaccinium microcarpum, Family: Ericaceae

Part Used: Fruit

A.C: Anthocyanins

Vitamin B, C , Pro-A

Uses: Antiseptic herb, UTI

Drug-Herb Interaction:

 Warfarin ( Pharmacodynamic interaction)

cranberry increases effects of warfarin by unknown mechanism. Minor/Significance

Unknown. Theoretical interaction, based on case reports. Cranberry may inhibit cytochrome

P450 2C9.
 4. Digitalis leaf

Origin: Leaf of Digitalis purpura, Family, scrophularaceae

Part Used: leaf

A.C: Purpura Glycoside A, B , Glucogitaloxin

Uses: Cardiovascular diseases, Cardio tonic, CHF

Drug-Herb Interaction:

Pharmacokinetic
 aluminum hydroxide
amiodarone
 amphotericin
 B deoxycholate
 Azithromycin
 calcium carbonate
 eluxadoline
 dofetilide
 cyclosporine

Pharmacodynamics
 amphotericin B deoxycholate
 betaxolol.
 bisoprolol
 bremelanotide
 bretylium
 calcium carbonate
 clarithromycin
 colchicine
 dexlansoprazole
 dronedarone
5. Buchu Leaf

Origin: Leaf of Barosma betulina, Family, Rutacea

Part Used: leaf

A.C: Volatile oil ( Disophenol)

Flavonoids (Diosmin)

Uses: Potent Diureti

Antiseptic

Drug-Herb Interaction
Lithium interacts with BUCHU

Pharmacokinetic affect clearance

Medications that slow blood clotting (Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet drugs) interacts with BUCHU

Buchu might slow blood clotting.( Pharmacodynamics )

 aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix),

 diclofenac (Voltaren, Cataflam, others),

 ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others),

 naproxen (Anaprox, Naprosyn, others), dalteparin (Fragmin),

 enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin

 , warfarin (Coumadin),

 and others.