Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Kasaysayan 1 UP Diliman
Kasaysayan 1 UP Diliman
Kasaysayan 1 UP Diliman
Flow of history/events
History
Greek, historía 1) Linear model
Knowledge obtained inquiry or investigation There is a definite start and end
o Aristotle observed animals (investigation), and Providential (like the bible)
created the history of Fatalistic (everything is destined)
o Ibn Khladun 2) Cyclical model
Book: Al-Muqaddimah History repeats itself
History is the study of the past Repetition
Study of changes/development of the Argument: according to the 3 elements, same
society events will never occur at the same time
It is a social science 3) Spiral model
o Jose Rizal Intersections are similarities, but time is not the
When studying history, there are the same
achievements of the people (Filipino) 4) Chaotic view
Shows the historian’s perspective History has no pattern
There should be content There is no definite start or end
Indian Pacific
2) Uring Malaya
Ocean Luzon
Ocean Luzon: “Maharlika”
Visayas: “Timawa”
Debtless, pays taxes, and can freely relocate when
Taiwan
they don’t like the datu
Prehispanic Philippine Societies The Uring Malaya consists of:
a) Bagani – soldiers
1) Ilaya – Ilawud b) Panday
Ilaya: mountains/interiors i. Panday-bakal (weapons)
Ilawud: coastal villages ii. Panday-guinto (accessories)
Eg: Illocos/Cordillera – Butuan City iii. Panday-anluwage (carpentry)
Because of the river systems, they had trading c) Babaylan
relations Medicine, healing, spirituality
“Ibayo” before meant like another country or place Always a girl
you have to travel to “baylan/baglan”
These are called “hydraulic civilizations” according Also called Katalonan
to Karl August Witfogel Bayug/Bayugin are boys, but they are
perceived as girls
2) Barangay (balangay/balanghai) Ritual: “Pag-aanito”
Smallest socio-political unit o Anito/diwata (devatta)
Luzon/Visayas o Benevolent gods you can
Later, the name was changed to “barrio” but request to
Ferninand Marcos revived calling it “barangay” in o Guibang-guibang – fates
the 1970’s Bacalag-boats (ginugulong to make
Composed of 30 to 100 families stronger)
Each barangay is independent in terms of: Ritual: Pag-aanito (offerings)
o Governance o Pagbabalilig – baboy
o Rules (Battasan) o Pagtalibog – manok
o Territory/resources o Pagkayag – rice
Socially stratified (based on wealth – but is mobile, o Paghuaqq – tao
aka you can move up or down)
3) Uring Katuwang Lumay: love potions
Luzon: Alipin Buringot: opposite of lumay
Visayas: Oripun c) Mambabarang – uses insects
Being an uring Katuwang can be acquired if: d) Matatanggal
o With debts (that can’t be paid) Can split his body into half
o Inherited Has no wings but can fly
o Punishment (murder, theft, for assaulting Hold his head when he flies
women)
o Slave-raiding Physical Appearance and Customs
Socially mobile (based on the accounts of the Spanish)
o Eg. when you finish your term 1) Tatoo
o Pagtitimawa (giving freedom) 2) Gold
o Intermarriages) Pagpupusad is the act of putting gold in their
Types of Uring Katuwang: teeth
o Alipin: 3) Tugbuk/Sakra
Saguiguilid (no property) Piercing as the genitals of men
Namamahay (with property) For the pleasure of women
o Oripun: Alipins are professional de-virginizers
Ayuey: serves 3 out of 4 days 4) Nganga
Tomaranpac: 1 out of 4 days Nginunguyan na leaf + bunga of a plant
Tumatabang: “on call” Pangpatibay ng jaws and teeth
Act of affection when guys give it to girl after
Other Concepts: they chew it
Binukot 5) Alak
Epic chanting Tuba (coconut)
History of their group Tapuy (rice wine)
Basi (sugar cane)
Anito/Diwata
Deities/benevolent; wrathful Pre-Hispanic Philippine Societies
Anthropomorphic (humanlike attributes) 1) Illaya – Ilawud
Closely related to nature 2) Barangay
o Deities for sun, wind, etc. Seen by the Spanish at Luzon and Visayas
Our ancestors that died (eg. Manunggul Jar) In Mindanao, it’s counterpart is the “Kampong”
3) Sultanato (Mindanao)
Luzon Visayas Based on religion (Islam)
Heavens Bathala/Gugurang/ Makaptan SULTAN: government
Kabunian o He is chosen
o Must be a descendant of Muhammad
Seas Magwayen Aman Sinaya
SHARIA: Islamic laws
Agriculture Lakapati Lalahon o The laws of the country are the same as the
Food Lakambini Makabosog laws of the religion
Darkness Saragnayan – followed by The Sultanato is a state religion
“Aswangs” o The population are all Muslims
Types of Encomienda
1) Encomienda dela Corona
Crown; Realenga
In theory, the encomendero is the King of Spain;
however, the actual collector is the
gobernadorcillo or the cabeza de barangay
All the money goes to the Royal Treasury and the
¼ rule does not apply
Requirements for an area to be Encomienda de
Corona:
o Place must be agricultural
o Has a port (easy transportation of
goods)
o Had a big population
2) Encomienda de Particulares
Private
In theory, the encomendero is chosen by the
king, usually a former government official and a
peninsulares or insulares (Spanish)
However, in history, there have been 2 Filipino
encomendero for Particulares: