Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Go
Menu
Home About Bridge Design . Design Notes . Examples . Calculations . Spreadsheets Tutorials Workshop
▾Resources
About Us
Projects
Contact
You are here: Home » Bridge Design » Examples » Reinforced Concrete Deck Example to BS 5400
Welcome
Design▾
Reinforced
Design Notes Concrete Deck Example to British Standards
Examples
Calculations
Reinforced Concrete Deck Design to BS 5400 Part 4
Spreadsheets
als
Problem:
hop
ces▾
Design a simply supported reinforced concrete deck slab using a unit strip method.
Books
The deck
Bridge carries a 100mm depth of surfacing, together with a nominal HA live load udl of 17.5 kN/m2 and
Pictures
knife edge load of 33kN/m .
Links
The
Site deck should also be designed to carry 30 units of HB load. The span of the deck is 12.0m centre to
Map
centre of bearings.
γconc. = 25kN/m3
cl. A.3
bridgedesign.org.uk/tutorial/reinforced-concrete-deck-example.php 1/11
14/12/2019 Bridge Design| Reinforced Concrete Bridge Deck Design to BS 5400.
Table A.5
(Note: The loading has been simplified to demonstrate the method of designing the slab (See BS 5400 Pt2, or
BD 37/01 for full design loading).
Load factors for serviceability and ultimate limit state from BS 5400 Part 2 Table 1:
SLS
ULS
Comb 1
Comb 3
Comb 1
Comb 3
Dead Load
γfL concrete
1.0
1.0
1.15
1.15
γfL surfacing
1.2
1.2
bridgedesign.org.uk/tutorial/reinforced-concrete-deck-example.php 2/11
14/12/2019 Bridge Design| Reinforced Concrete Bridge Deck Design to BS 5400.
1.75
1.75
Live Load
γfL HA
1.2
1.0
1.5
1.25
γfL HB
1.1
1.0
1.3
1.1
Temperature Difference
γfL
0.8
1.0#
Key: # It is usually assumed that there is local plasticity at the critical sections at Ultimate Limit State and the
self equilibrating stresses due to non linear temperature distribution can be ignored in combination loadings.
(Ref:"Concrete bridge engineering:performance and advances" by R.J.Cope).
Apply temperature differences given in BS 5400 Pt2 Fig.9 (Group 4) to a 1m wide deck section.
Cl. 5.4.6 - Coefficient of thermal expansion = 12 × 10-6 per °C.
From BS 5400 Pt4 Table 3 : Ec = 31 kN/mm2 for fcu = 40N/mm2
Hence restrained temperature stresses per °C = 31 × 103 × 12 × 10-6 = 0.372 N/mm2
bridgedesign.org.uk/tutorial/reinforced-concrete-deck-example.php 3/11
14/12/2019 Bridge Design| Reinforced Concrete Bridge Deck Design to BS 5400.
Section Properties
Area = 1000 × 650 = 0.65 × 106 mm2
Second Moment of Area = 1000 × 6503 / 12 = 22.9 × 109 mm4
Taking moments about centroid of section to determine required moment M to restrain curvature due to
temperature strain :
0.372 × 103 × [150 × (3.0 × 250 + 5.05 × 275) + 175 × (0.3 × 87.5 + 1.35 × 116.7) - (20 × 0.15 × 6.7) - (195
× 1.05 × 260)] × 10-6 = 111.5kNm
Taking moments about centroid of section to determine required moment M to restrain curvature due to
temperature strain :
- 0.372 × 103 × [130 × ( 1.8 × 260 + 2.5 × 282 - 1.5 × 260 - 1.9 × 282 ) + 163 × ( 0.9 × 141 - 0.75 × 141 )] ×
10-6 = -13.34kNm
Design SLS moment = ∑(γfL × M) = [(1.0 × 16.3)+(1.2 × 2.4)] × 122 / 8 = 345 kNm
Design ULS moment = γf3 × ∑(γfL × M) = 1.1 × [{(1.15 × 16.3)+(1.75 × 2.4)} × 122 / 8] = 454 kNm
The maximum moment for the HB vehicle occurs at point X in the diagram below with the vehicle
positioned as shown.
(CG = position of the centre of gravity of the three 75kN wheel loads)
Combination 1 Loading
Design HB SLS moment = γfL × M = 1.1 × 392 = 431 kNm < 497 kNm ∴ HA critical
Total Design SLS Moment (Dead + Live) = 345 + 497 = 842 kNm
Design HA ULS moment = γf3 × γfL × M = 1.1 × 1.5 × 414 = 683 kNm
Design HB ULS moment = γf3 × γfL × M = 1.1 × 1.3 × 392 = 561 kNm < 683 kNm
∴ HA loading critical
Total Design ULS Moment (Dead + Live) = 454 + 683 = 1137 kNm
Combination 3 Loading
Design HB SLS moment = γfL × M = 1.0 × 392 = 392 kNm <414 kNm ∴ HA loading critical
bridgedesign.org.uk/tutorial/reinforced-concrete-deck-example.php 5/11
14/12/2019 Bridge Design| Reinforced Concrete Bridge Deck Design to BS 5400.
Design HA ULS moment = γf3 × γfL × M = 1.1 × 1.25 × 414 = 569 kNm
Design HB ULS moment = γf3 × γfL × M = 1.1 × 1.1 × 392 = 474 kNm < 569 kNm
∴ HA loading critical
It is usual to design reinforced concrete for the ultimate limit state and check for serviceability conditions.
cl. 5.4.2
cl. 5.3.2.3
bridgedesign.org.uk/tutorial/reinforced-concrete-deck-example.php 6/11
14/12/2019 Bridge Design| Reinforced Concrete Bridge Deck Design to BS 5400.
cl. 4.3.2.2
Case 1) When the bridge has just opened (when only a small amount of creep has occurred):
Modular Ratio = Es / Ec = 200 / 31 = 6.45
Taking first moments of area about the neutral axis:
1000 × X2 / 2 = 6.45 × 6434 × (574 - X)
500X2 + 41510X - 23.83×106 = 0
X = 177 mm
Cl 4.1.1.3
Table 2
Case 2) When creep and shrinkage in the bridge are substantially complete:
cl. 4.3.2.1(b)
Youngs Modulus for concrete for long term loading = Ec/2 = 15.5 kN/mm2
Hence Modified Ec for (345DL + 497LL) = (345 × 15.5 + 497 × 31) / 842 = 24.65 kN/mm2
cl. 4.3.2.2
Cl 4.1.1.3
Table 2
Tensile stress in reinforcement = 842×106 × (574 - 198) × 8.1 / 9.96×109 = 257.5 N/mm2
Table 2
bridgedesign.org.uk/tutorial/reinforced-concrete-deck-example.php 7/11
14/12/2019 Bridge Design| Reinforced Concrete Bridge Deck Design to BS 5400.
Crack Control:
Table 13
5.8.8.2
eqn 25
eqn 24
Table 1
cl. 4.3.2.1(b)
bridgedesign.org.uk/tutorial/reinforced-concrete-deck-example.php 8/11
14/12/2019 Bridge Design| Reinforced Concrete Bridge Deck Design to BS 5400.
Youngs Modulus for concrete for long term loading = Ec/2 = 15.5 kN/mm2
Hence Modified Ec for (345DL + 414LL) = (345 × 15.5 + 414 × 31) / 759 = 23.95 kN/mm2
cl. 4.3.2.2
Cl 4.1.1.3
Max compressive bending stress in concrete = 759×106 × 200 / 10.18×109 = 14.9 N/mm2
Max compressive stress due to positive temperature difference = γfL × 2.31 = 0.8 × 2.31 = 1.8 N/mm2
Total compressive stress in concrete = 14.9 + 1.8 = 16.7 N/mm2
Table 2
Tensile stress in reinforcement = 759×106 × (574 - 200) × 8.35 / 10.18×109 = 232.8 N/mm2
Tensile stress due to reverse temperature difference =
γfL × 8.35×[{(1.43+0.06)×(130-60-16)/130}-0.06] = 0.8 × 4.7 = 3.8 N/mm2
Total tensile stress in reinforcement = 232.8 + 3.8 = 237 N/mm2
Table 2
Hence B32 bars at 125 centres are adequate for the mid span.
Shear Design
cl. 5.4.4
bridgedesign.org.uk/tutorial/reinforced-concrete-deck-example.php 9/11
14/12/2019 Bridge Design| Reinforced Concrete Bridge Deck Design to BS 5400.
Design for no shear reinforcement condition then ξsvc > 0.68 N/mm2
Table 9
Table 8
vc = 0.27/γm(100As/bwd)1/3(fcu)1/3
vc = (0.27 / 1.25) × [100 × 6434 / (1000 × 574)]1/3 × (40)1/3 = 0.77 N/mm2
ξsv√ = 0.97 × 0.77 = 0.75 N/mm2 > 0.68 ∴ OK
cl 5.3.3.1
Hence B32 bars at 125 centres are adequate for shear at the ends of the deck.
Note: Intermediate sections between mid span and the ends of the deck will have a smaller moment than at
mid span and a small shear than at the ends of the deck. These sections need to be checked to determine
where the reinforcement may be reduced to B25 at 125c/c.
cl. 5.8.4.1
Minimum area of reinforcement = 0.15% of bad = 0.15 × 1000 × 574 / 100 = 861 mm2/m ∴ use B12 bars at
125 centres (As = 905 mm2/m) for distribution reinforcement.
bridgedesign.org.uk/tutorial/reinforced-concrete-deck-example.php 10/11
14/12/2019 Bridge Design| Reinforced Concrete Bridge Deck Design to BS 5400.
David Childs
B.Sc, C.Eng, MICE
Contact
Cookie Info
Privacy Policy
Terms of Use
Site Map
Copyright © 2019
Contact
Site Map
Copyright © 2019
Cookie Info
Privacy Policy
Terms of Use
bridgedesign.org.uk/tutorial/reinforced-concrete-deck-example.php 11/11