The Negative Effect of Excessive Use of PDF

MOUNT CARMEL SCHOOL OF MARIA AURORA, (MCSMA) INC.
Senior High School i
THE NEGATIVE EFFECT OF EXCESSIVE USE OF PLASTICS IN MOUNT

CARMEL SCHOOL OF MARIA AURORA (MCSMA) INC.
A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of
Senior High School Department
Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora
In Fulfillment of the Final Requirement for Research Daily Life 2
Grade 12 Curriculum
By:
FAY FRANCOISE L. UERA
TOM EDISON C. FREGILLANA
October 2019
“The Negative Effect of Excessive Use of Plastics in Mount Carmel School of Maria
Aurora (MCSMA) Inc.”
Senior High School ii
ENDORSEMENT SHEET
The Research Entitled:
The Negative Effect of Excessive Use of Plastics in Mount Carmel School of Maria
Aurora (MCSMA) Inc.
Prepared and Submitted by:
Fay Francoise L. Uera
Tom Edison C. Fregillana
In partial fulfilment of the requirements for Science, Technology, Engineering and

Mathematics (STEM) strand of Senior High School in Research in Daily Life 2 and has
been examined and is endorsed for oral examination.
JOHN IAN C. BARRIENTOS, LPT. REMIGIO R. BITONG, LPT, MA

Research Teacher and SHS Principal
Coordinator
Senior High School iii
APPROVAL SHEET
In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Science, Technology, Engineering, and
Mathematics (STEM) strand of Senior High School in Research in Daily Life 2, the
Examination Tribunal accepted the thesis entitled:
The Negative Effect of Excessive Use of Plastics in Mount Carmel School of Maria
Aurora (MCSMA) Inc.
Prepared and Submitted by:
Fay Francoise L. Uera
Tom Edison C. Fregillana
At the Oral Examination conducted on October 15, 2019 with a grade of PASSED.
JOHN IAN C. BARRIENTOS, LPT. REMIGIO R. BITONG, LPT, MA

Research Teacher and SHS Principal
Coordinator
Senior High School iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The completion of this research study is made possible because of the untiring
assistance, contributions, and moral support of people whom the researchers wishes to
acknowledge.
The researchers is indeed grateful for the advice and encouragements given by
the researchers’ adviser and for his scholarly criticisms and comments, and for his
constant reminders;
The researchers’ friends and classmates for sharing their insights;
Their families for their support, love and understanding which provided
inspirations in completing this work;
Above all, the researchers are thankful to the Lord Almighty for his countless,
unending blessings to the researchers and their families.
F.F.L.U.
T.E.C.F.
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DEDICATION
To our loving parents
Domingo R. Uera and Felicidad L. Uera
Jayson F. Fregillana and Eden C. Fregillana
To my brother and sister (F.F.L.U.)
Deane Darius and Fae Francisque
And to Alex (T.E.C.F.)
This piece of work is humbly dedicated.
F.F.L.U.
T.E.C.F.
Senior High School vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
Endorsement Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
Approval Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
Dedication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Chapter
1 THE PROBLEM: ITS RATIONALE AND BACKGROUND
Background of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Statement of Hypothesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Conceptual Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Significance of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Theoretical Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Scope and Delimitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
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Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Foreign Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Foreign Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Local Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Local Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Synthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3 THE METHODOLOGY
Research Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Research Locale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Sample and Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Research Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Data Gathering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Data Processing Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Statistical Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Senior High School viii
4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF

DATA
Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Interpretation of Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATION
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
APPENDICES
Letter of Request to the Principal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Letter to the Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Curriculum Vitae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Senior High School 1
ABSTRACT
Tom Edison C. Fregillana and Fay Francoise L. Uera students from Senior
High School Department (2019) of Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora (MCSMA)
Inc. under the strand of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM).
This is a Quantitative Research about The Negative Effect of Excessive Use of Plastics
in Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora (MCSMA) Inc.
This quantitative research was conducted to minimize the use of plastics and
have an alternative way instead of using plastics in Mount Carmel School of Maria
Aurora (MCSMA) Inc. The objective of this study is to make the students become woke
about this certain problem in the environment, what can be the effect of plastics and
what can be the impact if a student when he/she minimize the use of plastics. To gather
the data they conducted a survey questionnaire that contains ten (10) questions from
selected students from grade 9,10,11,12 of Junior High School and Senior High School
of Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora (MCSMA) Inc. that is total of one hundred
one (101) respondent. The data that the researchers gathered through the survey
questionnaire were analyzed using percentage formula (p=f/n x 100). The data that
collected have been analyzed and interpreted by the researchers and so they came up
with a negative result regarding the effect of excessive use of plastics in Mount Carmel
School of Maria Aurora (MCSMA) Inc.
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM: ITS RATIONALE AND BACKGROUND
Background of the Study
The term “plastic” is derived from the Greek word “plastikos”, meaning fit for
molding. This refers to the material’s malleability, or plasticity during manufacture,
which allows it to be cast, pressed, or extruded into a variety of shapes – such as plates,
bottles, and much more.
Plastic takes several years to get decomposed which is not environmental
friendly and causes pollution. Burning of plastic is a very slow process and they do not
get burnt completely. This causes air pollution because poisonous gases are released into
the environment during combustion of plastics. Plastic pollution is the accumulation of
plastic objects (e.g.: plastic bottles and much more) in the Earth's environment that
adversely affects wildlife, wildlife habitat, and humans. Plastics that act as pollutants are
categorized into micro-, meso-, or macro debris, based on size. Plastics are inexpensive
and durable, and as a result levels of plastic production by humans are high. However,
the chemical structure of most plastics renders them resistant to many natural processes
of degradation and as a result they are slow to degrade. Together, these two factors have
led to a high prominence of plastic pollution in the environment. Plastic pollution can
afflict land, waterways and oceans. It is estimated that 1.1 to 8.8 million metric tons
(MT) of plastic waste enters the ocean from coastal communities each year. Living
organisms, particularly marine animals, can be harmed either by mechanical effects,
such as entanglement in plastic objects or problems related to ingestion of plastic waste,
or through exposure to chemicals within plastics that interfere with their physiology.
Humans are also affected by plastic pollution, such as through disruption of various
hormonal mechanisms.
The purpose of this study is to know if the students of Mount Carmel School of
Maria Aurora Inc. are aware on what are the negative effect of excessive use of plastics.
Statement of the Problem
Aurora INC.”
This research will focus on determining the effect of excessive use of plastics
in Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora Inc. This research aims to answer these
questions:
1. What are the negative effect of using plastics in Mount Carmel School of Maria
Aurora Inc.?
2. How can Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora Inc. help the environment by
limiting plastics?
3. What can be alternative way instead of using plastics in Mount Carmel School of
Maria Aurora Inc.?
Statement of Hypothesis
Hypothesis 1: Plastic is highly durable material and it lasts longer. Plastics is
easy to transform in a required shape and it is recyclable. Plastics can use in different
objects and it usually needs to create new inventions.
Hypothesis 2: There’s a rapid use of plastics in MCSMA especially in canteen,
almost all the food that you can buy in canteen have plastics. Students sometimes didn’t
notice the number of plastics they used in a day and they didn’t know what the effect of
those in the environment. Too much use of plastics in MCSMA can make damage in a
world’s environment especially in their town.
Conceptual Framework
 Plastic is highly durable

material and it lasts longer.
Plastic is easy to transform
in a required shape and it is
recyclable. Plastics can use
in different objects and it
Excessive  Questionnaire
usually needs to create new
Use of  Analyzing
inventions.
Data
Plastics  There’s a rapid use of
Gathered
plastics in MCSMA.
Student sometimes didn’t
notice the number of
plastics they used in a day
and they didn’t know what
the effect of those in the
environment.
Feedback
Significance of the Study
The purpose of this study is to give awareness on the effects of excessive use
of plastics in the students, teachers and staff of the school and for them to be a role model
in other people.
Theoretical Framework
Plastic
Excessive Use of Innovative Recycling

Plastic Pollution
Plastics and Recovery Programs
Effect in the
Environment
Plastic is the “ubiquitous workhorse material of the modern economy”. Plastics
are a range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic compounds that are “malleable”. They
aren’t just one material but belong to a family of hundreds of different materials with a
wide variety of properties. The commonly used plastics are often not biodegradable. As
a result, they accumulate, rather than decompose, in landfills or the natural environment.
According to a paper published in Science, more than 300 million tonnes of plastic are
manufactured every year. India generates around 56 lakh tonnes of plastic waste
annually. Mohit Sharma, Learned & Learning (2018, June 5). How Does The Excessive
Use Of Plastics Cause Damage To The Environment?
Experts today believe at least 8 million metric tons of plastic end up in the
world’s oceans every year. The World Economic Forum says that’s the same as dumping
the contents of one garbage truck into the ocean every minute. And by 2050, it’s expected
to increase to four garbage trucks per minute. That’s why companies like SC Johnson are
working hard to find ways to minimize the amount of plastic waste around the globe. From
a product perspective, we have taken many steps, like developing our products to
encourage reuse, designing out of excess packaging and increasing the recycled content of
our plastic bottles. But we see an opportunity beyond products, too. We want to help
recover plastic waste through innovative recycling and recovery programs. In this way we
can reduce environmental impact and, at the same time, do some good in communities that
have excessive plastic pollution. SC Johnson (2019). Ocean Plastic: S Johnson is Tackling
Plastic Pollution in Indonesia While Helping Families.
In recent years, people have started cutting down on plastic consumption, as
we have realized the effects plastic can have on the environment and our oceans. But
although most people know that plastic cannot be absorbed back into the environment,
there are many that are unaware just how much plastic ends up in our oceans - and how
detrimental this can be. In addition to being bad for the environment, the amount of
plastic in the ocean continues to grow - affecting wildlife and humans alike. Chelsea
Ritschel (2018, April 18). Why Is Plastic Bad For The Environment and How Much Is
In the Ocean?
Plastic pollution is currently one of the biggest environmental concerns. It may
seem like large amounts of plastic waste are inevitable in the world we live in, but you
can help with the plastic pollution issue by being aware of its dangers and taking steps to
reduce waste. The amount of garbage in the world increases as the population grows,
and disposable plastic products, like water bottles and soda cans, accumulate over time.
Plastic pollution occurs when enough plastic has gathered in an area that it affects the
natural environment and harms plants, animals, or humans. Plastic has toxic pollutants
that damage the environment and cause land, water, and air pollution. It can take
hundreds or even thousands of years for plastic to break down, so the damage to the
environment is long-lasting. Sonia Madaan (2019). What is Plastic Pollution?
Scope and Delimitation
This study aims to get data from selected Junior High School and Senior High
School students of Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora Inc. about their awareness
from the effect of excessive use of plastics in their school. The total of the respondents is
one hundred one (101). The study starts on first week of July up to September.
Definition of Terms
Plastic- the one that is mostly came from the canteen that usually used by
students for their food
Molding- process of shaping
Excessive- too much
Micro-, Meso-, or Macro debris- amount of wastes
Alternative- new way or other way
Recycle- ways in using again for another purpose
Environment- natural resources
Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter includes all the readings done by the researchers on literature and
studies related to the present study.
Foreign Literature
Innovations in design and systems to reduce waste are essential because studies
show that simply replacing plastics with other materials in packaging and consumer
products would increase costs to the environment fourfold. New designs and approaches
must be evaluated with an eye toward understanding the full range of benefits and
impacts throughout an item’s total life cycle. Governments, companies, citizens and
non-profits all are looking at ways to reduce waste and keep trash out of our oceans. We
support responsible choices so customers aren’t automatically provided with straws, but
can get one on request. We need to focus on the big picture keeping used plastics out of
our rivers and waterways will require comprehensive efforts to expand waste
management systems, particularly in parts of the world that currently lack them.
Scientists have determined the vast majority of ocean plastics come from rapidly
developing regions where a growing need for modern materials has outpaced systems to
manage waste. Plastics makers are supporting these comprehensive programs. American
Chemistry Council, Inc. (2005-2019). Plastics Makers Welcome Innovations in Food
Service Packaging Design and Sustainability, and Emphasize Need for Comprehensive
Collection of Waste in Developing Countries.
Plastic recycling is a livelihood for the marginalized society in Bangladesh.
Plastics are cheap, durable and lightweight materials. It meets the domestic demand in
Bangladesh as well as some products are exported. The plastic industry has emerged as
an important industrial sector in Bangladesh during the last three decades. The
availability of cheap labor and the fast developing plastic waste recycling industry,
provide Bangladesh potential advantage of competitiveness in the global market. It is
observed that a major portion of plastic produced each year is used to make disposable
items of packaging and other short-lived products that are discarded within a year of
manufacture. So our current use of plastic is not sustainable. Recycling is one of the
most important actions currently available to reduce these impacts and represents one of
the most dynamic areas in the plastics industry today. Recycling provides opportunities
to reduce oil usage, carbon-dioxide emissions and the quantities of waste requiring
disposal. Recycling of packaging materials has seen rapid expansion over the last
decades in a number of countries. Advances in technologies and systems for the
collection, sorting and reprocessing of recyclable plastics are creating new opportunities
for recycling and with the concerted efforts of the people, industry, and government.
Nasrin Sultana (2018, December 5-6). Global Warning, Climate Change and Pollution
Control and Recycling: Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.
With eight million metric tons of plastic entering the world's oceans every year,
there is growing concern about the proliferation of plastics in the environment. Despite
this, surprisingly little is known about the full impact of plastic pollution on human
health. Consumer Products and Packaging, Plastic products themselves can harm their
users both in the form of microplastics that break off from the larger product and
chemicals contained in the product that can cause cancer and developmental problems,
as well as disrupt the hormone system. Olivia Rosane (2019, February 22). ‘Plastic Is
Lethal’: Groundbreaking Report Reveals Health Risks at Every Stage in Plastics Life
Cycle.
A unique coalition of various agencies, civic organizations, non-governmental
organizations, media and brands through A Plastic Planet. This international campaign
group took to social media for rallying against plastic-packaged products. They urged
people to take a photo of the product that they were giving up for One Plastic Free Day
and share it on social media, saying why they have been inspired to #PassOnPlastic. One
Plastic Free Day was a call for action to people from around the world to avaoid plastic-
-packaged food and drink products for 24 hours. In February this year, A Plastic
Planet launched the world’s first Plastic Free Aisle in an Amsterdam branch of Dutch
supermarket chain Ekoplaza. Earlier this month the group announced that UK
supermarket giant Iceland is to become the first UK retailer to adopt A Plastic Planet’s
Plastic Free Trust Mark across its range of own brand products, joining Ekoplaza, which
is rolling out the Plastic Free Trust Mark throughout its 74 stores. A Plastic Planet Co-
Founder Sian Sutherland said: “One Plastic Free Day will touch the lives of millions of
people around the world. Across every continent, people are waking up to the fact that
plastic has absolutely no place in food and drink. Where is the logic in wrapping
something as fleeting as food in something as indestructible as plastic? “Our addiction to
plastic is this generation’s smoking. For years, we were blissfully unaware of the terrible
damage done by throwaway packaging to our oceans, our soil and the health of future
generations. Now we know the truth. “One Plastic Free Day is all about uniting the
world to turn off the plastic tap. It’s just one day to think twice before reaching for that
plastic-wrapped food and drink product. None of us are plastic saints; just do what you
can.” Gaia Discovery (2018, June 7). Single-use Plastic Bans to Prevent Pollution.
Plastic recycling is a partnership. While plastic resin makers rush to make more
environmentally friendly products, all used plastic products still must be returned to the
recycling stream. The wide variety of plastics will require a proper recycling/waste
channel for many years to come, so environmentally sensitive consumers need to help
government and private companies get the material in the right place to properly reuse or
dispose the plastic. Californian’s have a great record for recycling plastic bottles. PET
(used on water bottles) plastic is recycled at an impressive 75%. But only pure PET can
be used in new resin for new bottles. Plastic from other types of plastic must not be
mixed with PET, or it can spoil the whole batch. Microdyne Plastic Inc. (2018). Report
on Plastic Bottle Recycling 2017.
Foreign Studies
The first man-made plastic was invented by Alexander Parkes, a British
metallurgist, in 1862, and the result was publicly displayed at Great International
Exhibition in London (Bellis, n.d.). Based on previous research, in 1907, Leo Hendrik
Baekeland invented the first fully synthetic resin, called Bakelite, which experienced
commercial success (Bellis, n.d.). The plastic industry greatly expanded during World
War II, and continued there after (CHF, 2010). In the modern world, plastic use is
ubiquitous. Plastic is now the material of choice used in numerous products that were
previously fabricated from metal, glass, wood, or materials derived from plants and
animals (e.g., cotton and wool). However, the durability of plastic makes single-use or
disposable items an increasing environmental threat because such a “high resistance to
aging and minimal biological degradation” can lead to long-term problems (Moore,
2008). Plastic degrades extremely slowly under typical environmental conditions;
depending on the type of plastic, it may take 50 years or more for plastics to degrade in
nature (Müller, 1998). Shengyuan Su, Yazhou Li, Emma Maschal, and Yuejiao Ha,
(2015, April 23). Plastic Reduction Case Studies.
Plastic’s light weight, strength, and ability to be molded into any form makes it
an ideal packaging material. Rigid plastics keeps fragile items secure and flexible plastic
makes easy-to-carry bags. Plastic is used for food and non-food packaging. Foods stay
fresh longer when packed in plastic, which reduces waste by reducing the amount of
spoiled food that must be discarded and decreases the amount of preservatives needed to
keep food fresh. Advances in plastic technology has made plastic packaging more
efficient: the average packaging weight for a product has been reduced over 28 percent
in the last decade. Plastic packaging is convenient for consumers: clear plastic lets
shoppers view the item they are purchasing and plastic packaging is easy to open. Plastic
packaging protects food, medicine, and other products from contamination and germs
when it is displayed and handled. Plastic also protects consumers. Tamper-proof
packaging keeps consumers safe and child-proof packaging keeps children safe from
accidental poisoning by medications or chemicals. Plastic is shatter-proof, which
reduces the potential for injury from broken items. Precision Engineered Products
(2019). Perfect Plastic: How Plastic Improves Our Lives.
As the use of plastic in modern society has increased, so too have the
environmental impacts associated with its production and disposal. Trucost research for
UNEP in 2014 highlighted the environmental costs of plastic use in consumer products,
including emissions of greenhouse gases, air, land and water pollutants, depletion of
water and the production of marine debris in the global oceans (UNEP, 2014). These
environmental costs have prompted some to argue that plastics should be replaced with
alternative materials, which may present fewer environmental challenges. However,
recent studies by Franklin Associates (2013) and Denkstatt (2011), which modeled the
substitution of plastic with alternative materials (such as paper, steel, aluminum and
glass), suggest that a move away from plastics may come at an even higher net
environmental cost. Trucost (2016, July). Plastics and Sustainability: A Valuation of
Environmental Benefits, Costs and Opportunities for Continuous Improvement.
Jasal Shah, Managing, CEO, Velocity MR, says, “Usage of plastic is one of the
major reasons for environmental pollution in India and this is wreaking havoc on the
flora and fauna reserves across the globe. It’s been observed that even with the plastic
ban in 25 states of India, 15000 tons of plastic is still procured from cities on a daily
basis. From our study, we clearly understood that while the people are aware of the
adverse effects of plastic, the usage of this environmental poison is high, primarily due
to lack of availability of proper alternatives.” Ipsita Basu (2018, June 21). 90% people
aware of harmful effects of plastic bags, but still use it: Study.
There's a general view that the more prosperous people become, the more they
consume and the more trash they create. But a study from City College of New York
shows that the correlation between economic prosperity and, ultimately, waste
generation is "decoupling" in the United States. Essentially, the amount of trash that's
being created is not keeping up with overall economic growth and personal spending
over time. And the greater use of plastics is a factor in that phenomenon. Jim Johnson
(2018, September 28). Study: Plastics packaging helps cut waste generation.
Local Literature
The environmental group ranked the Philippines as the “third worst polluter
into the world’s oceans” after China and Indonesia in a report released Friday in Manila.
Single-use plastics from products sold by conglomerates, such as bags, bottle labels, and
straws, stood out during a week-long Greenpeace clean-up campaign held on Manila
Bay this month, it said. More than 54,200 pieces of plastic waste were recovered from
the bay in total, including some 9,000 from Nestle products the most frequently-seen
brand, according to a tally kept by the group. “These corporations are the missing piece
in the global fight against plastic pollution,” Greenpeace campaigner Abigail
Aguilar said in a statement. Greenpeace said plastic waste was a particularly serious
problem in “sachet economies” like the Philippines and other developing countries,
where people on limited incomes are pushed to buy cheap goods in small quantities.
Agence France-Presse (2017, September 23). Greenpeace: PH is third worst plastic
polluter of oceans.
Gonzales, the co-owner of a chain of surf hostels around the Philippines, saw
an opportunity to mobilise people in Metro Manila to not only prevent extensive
environmental damage, but also make the plastic they consume every day useful. He is
leading a drive in the country to create eco-bricks, essentially an ordinary plastic bottle
stuffed with non-biodegradable trash. Anyone can make one at home and use the bottle
as a proxy recycling system of all kinds of waste that could otherwise end up on the
streets or in the waterways, from crisp packets to plastic take-out cutlery. The bottle
might take a few months to totally fill and once completed can become a surprisingly
strong and useful construction material. Already, a shower area and perimeter wall at
The Circle Hostel in Zambales has been built using the eco-bricks. In the future,
Gonzales wants to build shower blocks in the city that could be used by commuting
cyclists. Jack Board (2017, April 09). A plastic solution for the Philippines’ trash
dilemma.
Filipinos, particularly businessmen, seemed to heed the advice that was given
to Oscar-nominated Dustin Hoffman in the 1967 thought-provoking movie, “The
Graduate.” In the said movie, the tyro actor’s character asked for some advice on career
director. “Plastics, my boy. Plastics,” he was told. By following the advice, plastic is
now one of the country’s top pollutants of canals, rivers, and other
waterways. Unfortunately, most of these buoyant materials end up in the open seas. In a
report released a few years ago, the Ocean Conservancy sing led out the Philippines as
one of five countries from where majority of plastics originates. Also on the list were
China, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand. “As rapidly developing economies, these
countries are now passing through a typical stage of economic growth as consumer
demand for disposable products grows more rapidly than the waste management
infrastructure,” the report said. Gaia Discovery (2018, July 3). Plastic Problems,
Pollution in the Philippines.
Plastic are used to create useful materials for human consumption. The most
common are the plastic bags. Plastic is also used to make toys, sports equipment, food
packaging, candy wrappers, plastic straws, bottles for any drinkable liquid substances,
etc. Despite its usefulness, people’s way of disposing plastics became a problem.
Littering is one of the most common illegal acts that can be done by a human being. It is
an act of throwing rubbish or waste products and letting it lie around places, making its
physical outlook untidy. According to the Earth Day Network’s statistics in 2018,
Philippines is ranked as the third largest contributor of plastic waste to global waters,
after Indonesia and China. Another report from the UN Environment stated that there
were five countries that have contributed much to pollution such as China, Indonesia,
Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. The Philippines is now dealing with an ocean
pollution crisis. According to Andrew Wynne’s report from the Ocean Conservancy, the
Philippines became a major vector for waste products, including plastics that are flowing
into the global ocean. The Philippine government has legislated a number of
environmental laws that would minimize solid wastes like the Republic Act 6969 or the
Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990. PIA-DU
(2018, November 7). Plastic Pollution: Still a big thing?
A recent waste audit conducted by Greenpeace Philippines and Plastic across a
30 hectare are in plastic polluted Manila Bay highlighted the place of cheap and easy
but environmentally damaging packaging. Having analysed the branding on a total of
54,260 items of waste. The trash collected included footwear, single-use plastic bags,
bottles and straws, but the biggest offender were sachets. Abigail Aguilar, Campaigner
for Greenpeace Philippines said. "Citizens areburdened with the social and
environmental impacts of plastic waste, rather than those that are responsible." The
Philippines, which according to the Ocean Conservancy is the third largest plastic
polluter after China and Indonesia, has a lively "sachet economy", so-called because
people with limited incomes are encouraged to buy single-use small quantity sachets of
food and toiletries. DW (2017, June 10). The persistent plastic problem.
Local Studies
Conservation group World Wide Fund (WWF) believes this is possible, as the
fight against plastic pollution can begin in the classroom. The WWF, according to
Marcelo, believes the youth is important in preserving nature. That’s why part of their
goals is to train teachers about waste segregation. “We like to start with the children so
it’ll be embedded in their minds already, why we have to conserve the environment,”
said Marcelo. Marcelo spoke alongside other environmental advocates in an event on
June 16, title “Climate Action Forum: Filipino Youth and Solutions to Plastic Pollution.”
Marcelo discussed how the WWF's environmental education team partners with the
Department of Education and different schools to train teachers to uphold Republic Act
9512, or the National Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008.The team
encourages teachers to integrate environmental education in all subjects,
through modules on different facets of environmental conservation. Components
include the waste management module, which highlights the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle)
and composting. Gaby N. Baizas and Luisa Jocson (2018, June 23). How the fight vs
plastic pollution can begin in the classroom?
Polyethylene erephthalate or PET bottles are commonly used in food and
beverage packaging and considered one of the most valuable forms of plastic in the
Philippines. It is the most retrieved due to its high residual value – or its predicted value
after consumption. A study conducted by global advocacy firm, McKinsey Center for
Business and Environment, showed that the Philippines has one of the highest PET
bottle recovery rates at 90 percent. “Higher residual value plastics are more likely to be
collected from disposal sites and then resold. This means that products or packaging
with low residual value are less likely to be collected; they therefore become a
particularly significant contributor to ocean plastic,” the study, entitled “Stemming the
Tide: Land-based Strategies for a Plastic-free Ocean” said. Of the total post-
consumption plastic waste produced in the country, 80 percent are low residual value
plastics composed of sachets and single-use plastic bags owing to the local retail
industry’s sachet economy wherein products are packaged into single-use portions.
These sachets are the ones posing a problem to the Philippine landfill and seas situation,
as they are not as easily collected and recycled. The Stemming the Tide study looks at
solutions on mitigating the plastics problem that starts at the household and community
levels, with waste collection and proper disposal as the first step towards saving the
environment. Inquirer.net Brand Room (2019, March 04). The plastic revolution.
“Next to China and Indonesia, the Philippines placed third in the list of
countries with most ocean plastic pollution,” he added, citing a 2015 study conducted by
the University of Georgia. Leones said the result of the study should serve as a “wake up
call” for the Philippines to reduce its use of plastics. The Environmental Management
Bureau said that while there is no nationwide ban on plastic, most local government
units passed ordinances to regulate plastic use in the towns and cities. Some stores and
supermarkets have taken to replacing plastic bags with paper bags and encouraging
customers to bring reusable bags for their purchases. Environment Secretary Roy
Cimatu has advised the public to refrain from using single-use plastic items, such as pet
bottles and grocery bags, which usually end up polluting the oceans and waterways. “It
is high time we refrain from using disposable plastic products that are used for minutes,
but persist in the environment forever,” he said. The DENR said the easiest and best way
to reduce plastic waste is to use reusable alternatives, such as eco-friendly tumblers and
eco-bags. Rhodina Villanueva (2018, June 6). World Environment Day: Let’s stop
plastic pollution.
Much has been written about the Philippines’ plastic pollution problem.
Previous studies have ranked the Philippines as the third biggest ocean polluter of
plastic. To show just how big of an issue plastic pollution in the country is, a new study
by the Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives (GAIA) has revealed just how much
plastic Filipinos are wasting each day. And it’s alarming, to say the least. “Filipinos use
more than 163 million plastic sachet packets, 48 million shopping bags, and 45 million
thin film bags daily,” wrote GAIA in its report titled “Plastics Exposed: How Waste
Assessments and Brand Audits are Helping Philippine Cities Fight Plastic Pollution.”
Those numbers are based on a Waste Assessment and Brand Audit (WABA)
methodology that was done in 21 barangays around the country from 2014 to 2018. It
involved the thorough analysis of waste produced by a barangay’s citizens, tallying and
classifying them according to their material. To give an idea of how much plastic that is,
GAIA revealed that for plastic sachet packets alone, Filipinos produce enough waste
each year to cover the entire land area of Metro Manila with one foot of plastic. And
that’s not counting the 17.5 billion pieces of plastic shopping bags and 16.5 billion
pieces of plastic labo bags Filipinos use each year. “These figures show that the sheer
volume of residual waste generated daily is beyond the capacity of barangays, cities, and
municipalities to manage,” the report stated. “The problem is the huge amount of single-
use plastics being produced, not the way the waste is managed.” Lorenzo Kyle Subido
(2019, March 8). Filipinos Throw Out Over 163 Million Sachets and 93 Million Plastic
Bags Each Day.
A study in 2015 found that the Philippines is one of the world's top five
producers of plastic waste in the world. We're up there with China, Indonesia, Thailand,
and Vietnam on a list we should definitely not be proud of. While senators are already
pushing for strict environmental policies on the national level, other cities and
municipalities in the country have taken the initiative to impose regulations on single-
use plastic before we all drown in our own pile of garbage. Cities in the Metro like
Makati, Quezon City, Pasig, Muntinlupa, Las Piñas, and Pasay have already said no to
plastic. Outside Metro Manila, more local government units are following suit; and
we’re hoping that we’ll soon solve our plastic problem because of their example. We
round up the places where plastic is not welcome: El Nido Palawan, Los Banos, Laguna,
Cebu City Hall, Bacolod City, Public markets in San Fernando, La Union, Government
offices in Negros Oriental, Baguio City, Bengeut, Select towns in Pangasinan, Pilar,
Suigao del Norte and Boracay Island. Christa L. Dela Cruz (2013, December 01). 10
Plastic-Free Places in the Philippines.
Synthesis
The foreign and local literatures and studies have the same thoughts. It all talks
about what can be the effect of excessive use of plastics and what will happen in the
environment when plastics continue to grow.
Recycling has a great impact to stop the plastic pollution nowadays. There’s a lot
of countries that implemented the banning of plastics. They use alternatives for plastics,
objects that are biodegradable. Some schools in the Philippines tries to become an eco-
friendly school, they limiting the use of plastics in their school to help the environment.
Several inventions they have made to prevent plastic pollution. In some studies, it has
been said that plastic pollution can be a threat in the world.
These literatures and studies helps this certain research to have a background
basis in limiting the excessive use of plastics and what can be the alternatives of these.
Chapter 3
THE METHODOLOGY
This chapter describes in detail how the investigation was conducted.
Research Method
The researchers adopted the descriptive method of research. Good and Scates
define it a type of research that includes studies that refer to present facts concerning the
nature and status of anything. It means that descriptive research gives meaning to the
quality and standing of facts that are going on. Jelineck defines descriptive method as “a
method to describe a certain phenomena”. It is directed towards ascertaining the
prevailing conditions and seeks to answer real facts with regards to the existence of a
phenomenon or condition.
The researchers also collect quantitative data needed in the interpretation of the
effect of excessive use of plastics in Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora Inc.
Reversed Locale
The study will be conducted in Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora
(MCSMA) Inc. located at Brgy. 02, Maria Aurora, Province of Aurora.
Figure 1. Map of Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora Inc.
Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora Inc. is a Catholic school and was
founded in 1953. It caters Elementary, Junior High School and Senior High School
students.
Sample & Sampling
The respondents of the study is selected students from grade 9 and grade 10
(Junior High School) and selected grade 11 and grade 12 (Senior High School) of Mount
Carmel School of Maria Aurora Inc. consisting of one hundred one (101) students or
respondents.
Table 1 presents the distribution of the respondents.
Table 1. Distribution of the Respondents

Grade/Strand No. of Students No. of Respondents
9- Maparaan 38 5
9- Maaasahan 36 5
9- Maagap 38 5
9- Mapag-aruga 40 5
10- Magiting 34 5
10- Matiyaga 38 5
10- Mapagkakatiwalaan 39 5
10- Magalang 37 5
11 (STEM)- Masikap 44 10
11 (ABM)- Mapagmalasakit 25 10
11 (HUMSS A)- Matatag 45 10
11 (HUMMS B)- Masikhay 40 10
12 (STEM)- Marangal 47 11
12 (ABM)- Mapaglingap 45 10
Total: 101
Research Instruments
The main instrument used in this study was the questionnaires which were
divided in two parts: Part I is likert scale consisting four (4) different choices (always,
sometimes, seldom and never) and the Part II is nominal scale consisting two (2) choices
(yes or no) and the questions is consist of ten (10) items. The questions ranged from 0 to
10. A corresponding percentage table was prepared for the corresponding grade for
each score.
Data Gathering
The following were the steps followed in order to finish this research paper.
Step 1: Selection of the Topic. After all the different news that has been said that
plastics is a big threat for the people, in environment and for the whole world. The
researchers came up to have thoughts on how students in certain school help to minimize
the number of plastics and to be an eco-friendly school. Also the researchers see that
Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora Inc. is having a lot of plastics or plastic wastes.
Step 2: Approval of the Topic. The topic had undergone the process of checking and
revision until it was approved.
Step 3: Creating the Chapter 1. After the research teacher approved the topic, the
researchers start to create the Chapter 1. Chapter 1 consists of background of the study,
statement of the problem, statement of the hypothesis, conceptual framework,
significance of the study, theoretical framework, scope and delimitation and definition
of terms.
Step 4: Creating Chapter 2. After Chapter 1, the researchers proceed in creating
Chapter 2. Chapter 2 consists of foreign and local literatures and studies related to the
present study. Chapter 2 also consists the synthesis.
Step 5: Making Questionnaire. After the Chapter 1 and Chapter 2. The researchers
made questionnaire that can answer the statement of the problem in Chapter 1 of the
research.
Step 6: Selection of the Subjects. The researchers selected grade 9 and grade 10 (Junior
High School) and grade 11 and grade 12 (Senior High School) students as the subject in
this research.
Step 7: Conducting a Survey. After approving the questionnaire, the researchers start
to conduct a survey in the selected students from grade 9, grade 10, grade 11 and grade
12.
Step 8: Tallying. After conducting a survey, the researchers gather all the data that they
got in the survey and then tally all the answers from the researcher’s respondents.
Data Processing Method
All the questions were given to the selected students from grade 9 and grade 10
(Junior High School) and selected grade 11 and grade 12 (Senior High School) to gather
some data and after getting all the data needed, the researchers use paper and calculator
to compute all the number of data and asked for the assistance of the research teacher for
statistical assistance, analysis and interpretation of data that answered all the necessary
questions asked in this study.
Statistical Treatment
The collected data were tallied, tabulated, organized and analyzed using the
following statistical treatment.
Percentage
The formula for the percentage
𝑓
p = 𝑛 x 100
where:
p = is the percentage
f = is the frequency or number of times the data appeared
n = is the respondents or total number of samples
Chapter 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
OF DATA
This chapter presents the findings and their interpretation as drawn from the chart.
Part I
1
1% 0%
41%
58%
Always Sometimes Seldom Never
1. Are you following the rules on proper segregation of wastes?
In one hundred one (101) respondents, forty one percent (41%) of the
respondents answered that they are always following the rules on proper segregation of
wastes, fifty eight percent (58%) answered sometimes they follow the rules, one percent
(1%) is seldom or rarely following the rules and zero percent (0%) for never follow the
rules on proper segregation of wastes.
According to Gaby N. Baizas and Luisa Jocson (2018, June 23). Conservation
group World Wide Fund (WWF) believes this is possible, as the fight against plastic
pollution can begin in the classroom. The WWF, according to Marcelo, believes the
youth is important in preserving nature. That's why part of their goals is to train teachers
about waste segregation. "We like to start with the children so it'll be embedded in their
minds already, why we have to conserve the environment," said Marcelo. The team
encourages teachers to integrate environmental education in all subjects,
through modules on different facets of environmental conservation. Components include
the waste management module, which highlights the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle) and
composting.
2
2% 0%
46%
52%
2. Do you put your trash in the trashcans in your school?
In one hundred one (101) respondents, forty six percent (46%) of the
respondents answered that they are always put their trash in the trashcans in their school,
fifty two percent (52%) answered sometimes they put their trash in the trashcans, two
percent (2%) is seldom or rarely put their trash in the trashcans and zero percent (0%)
for never put their trash in the trashcans in their school.
According to PIA-DU (2018, November 7). Plastic is used to make food
packaging, candy wrappers, plastic straws, bottles for any drinkable liquid substances,
etc. Despite its usefulness, people’s way of disposing plastics became a problem.
Littering is one of the most common illegal acts that can be done by a human being.
It is an act of throwing rubbish or waste products and letting it lie around places, making
its physical outlook untidy. The Philippine government has legislated a number of
environmental laws that would minimize solid wastes like the Republic Act 6969 or the
Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990.
19%
24%
14%
44%
3. Do you prefer plastic utensils in the canteen rather than paper plates, paper cups and
other objects alternative for plastic?
In one hundred one (101) respondents, nineteen percent (19%) of the
respondents answered that they are always prefer plastic utensils in the canteen rather
than paper plates, paper cups, and other alternative for plastic, forty four percent (44%)
answered sometimes they prefer plastic utensils in the canteen, fourteen percent (14%) is
seldom or rarely prefer plastic utensils in the canteen and twenty four percent (24%) for
never prefer plastic utensils in the canteen rather than paper plates, paper cups and other
objects alternative for plastic.
According to Trucost (2016, July). Trucost research for UNEP in 2014
highlighted the environmental costs of plastic use in consumer products, including
emissions of greenhouse gases, air, land and water pollutants, depletion of water and the
production of marine debris in the global oceans (UNEP, 2014). These environmental
costs have prompted some to argue that plastics should be replaced with alternative
materials, which may present fewer environmental challenges. However, recent studies
by Franklin Associates (2013) and Denkstatt (2011), which modeled the substitution of
plastic with alternative materials (such as paper, steel, aluminum and glass), suggest that
a move away from plastics may come at an even higher net environmental cost.
13% 14%
26%
48%
4. How often do you do recycling in your classrooms?
In one hundred one (101) respondents, fourteen percent (14%) of the
respondents answered that they are always do recycling in their classrooms, forty eight
percent (48%) answered sometimes they are do recycling, twenty six percent (26%) is
seldom or rarely do recycling and thirteen percent (13%) for never do recycling in their
classrooms.
According to Nasrin Sultana (2018, December 5-6). Recycling provides
opportunities to reduce oil usage, carbon-dioxide emissions and the quantities of waste
requiring disposal. Recycling of packaging materials has seen rapid expansion over the
last decades in a number of countries. Advances in technologies and systems for the
collection, sorting and reprocessing of recyclable plastics are creating new opportunities
for recycling and with the concerted efforts of the people, industry, and government.
5
1%
12%
48%
40%
5. How often do you use plastics in your daily life?
In one hundred one (101) respondents, forty eight percent (48%) of the
respondents answered that they are always use plastics in their daily life, forty percent
(40%) answered sometimes they use plastics in their daily life, twelve percent (12%) is
seldom or rarely use plastics in their daily life and one percent (1%) for never use
plastics in their daily life.
According to Lorenzo Kyle Subido (2019, March 8). A new study by the
Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives (GAIA) has revealed just how much plastic
Filipinos are wasting each day. And it’s alarming, to say the least. “Filipinos use more
than 163 million plastic sachet packets, 48 million shopping bags, and 45 million thin
film bags daily,” wrote GAIA in its report. Those numbers are based on a Waste
Assessment and Brand Audit (WABA) methodology that was done in 21 barangays
around the country from 2014 to 2018. It involved the thorough analysis of waste
produced by a barangay’s citizens, tallying and classifying them according to their
material.
Part II
13%
87%
Yes No
6. Are you aware on what will be the struggles in the future when number of plastics
continue to grow?
In one hundred one (101) respondents, eighty seven percent (87%) of the
respondents are aware on what will be the struggles in the future when number of
plastics continue to grow and thirteen percent (13%) of the respondents are not aware on
what will be the struggles in the future when number of plastics continue to grow.
According to Olivia Rosane (2019, February 22). With eight million metric
tons of plastic entering the world's oceans every year, there is growing concern about the
proliferation of plastics in the environment. Despite this, surprisingly little is known
about the full impact of plastic pollution on human health. Consumer Products and
Packaging, Plastic products themselves can harm their users both in the form
of microplastics that break off from the larger product and chemicals contained in the
product that can cause cancer and developmental problems, as well as disrupt the
hormone system.
11%
89%
Yes No
7. Do you have some thoughts about how your school can help the environment through
limiting the use of plastics in your designated school?
In one hundred one (101) respondents, eighty nine percent (89%) of the
respondents had some thoughts about how their school can help the environment
through limiting the use of plastics in their designated school and eleven percent (11%)
of the respondents does not have thoughts about how their school can help the
environment through limiting the use of plastics in their designated school.
According to Rhodina Villanueva (2018, June 6). Some stores and
supermarkets have taken to replacing plastic bags with paper bags and encouraging
customers to bring reusable bags for their purchases. Environment Secretary Roy
Cimatu has advised the public to refrain from using single-use plastic items, such as pet
bottles and grocery bags, which usually end up polluting the oceans and waterways.
“It is high time we refrain from using disposable plastic products that are used for
minutes, but persist in the environment forever,” he said. The DENR said the easiest and
best way to reduce plastic waste is to use reusable alternatives, such as eco-friendly
tumblers and eco-bags.
10%
90%
Yes No
8. Are you in favor of having programs or seminars that is related in limiting plastics in
your school?
In one hundred one (101) respondents, ninety percent (90%) of the respondents
are in favor of having programs or seminars that is related in limiting plastics in their
school and ten percent (10%) of the respondents are not in favor of having programs or
seminars that is related in limiting plastics in their school.
According to Jack Board (2017, April 09). Gonzales, the co-owner of a chain
of surf hostels around the Philippines, saw an opportunity to mobilise people in Metro
Manila to not only prevent extensive environmental damage, but also make the plastic
they consume every day useful. He is leading a drive in the country to create eco-bricks,
essentially an ordinary plastic bottle stuffed with non-biodegradable trash. The bottle
might take a few months to totally fill and once completed can become a surprisingly
strong and useful construction material. Already, a shower area and perimeter wall at
The Circle Hostel in Zambales has been built using the eco-bricks. In the future,
Gonzales wants to build shower blocks in the city that could be used by commuting
cyclists.
12%
88%
Yes No
9. Do you want to have alternative objects for plastics in your canteen?
In one hundred one (101) respondents, eighty eight percent (88%) of the
respondents wants to have alternative objects for plastics in their canteen and twelve
percent (12%) of the respondents doesn’t want to have alternative objects for plastics in
their canteen.
According to Trucost (2016, July). As the use of plastic in modern society has
increased, so too have the environmental impacts associated with its production and
disposal. Trucost research for UNEP in 2014 highlighted the environmental costs of
plastic use in consumer products, including emissions of greenhouse gases, air, land and
water pollutants, depletion of water and the production of marine debris in the global
oceans (UNEP, 2014). These environmental costs have prompted some to argue that
plastics should be replaced with alternative materials, which may present fewer
environmental challenges.
10
6%
94%
Yes No
10. Are you agree on limiting plastics in your school?
In one hundred one (101) respondents, ninety four percent (94%) of the
respondents are agree on limiting plastics in their school and six percent (6%) of the
respondents are not agree on limiting plastics in their school.
According to Gaia Discovery (2018, June 7). A Plastic Planet Co-Founder Sian
Sutherland said: “One Plastic Free Day will touch the lives of people around the world.
Across every continent, people are waking up to the fact that plastic has absolutely no
place in food and drink. Where is the logic in wrapping something as fleeting as food in
something as indestructible as plastic? “Our addiction to plastic is this generation’s
smoking. For years, we were blissfully unaware of the terrible damage done by
throwaway packaging to our oceans, our soil and the health of future generations. Now
we know the truth. “One Plastic Free Day is all about uniting the world to turn off the
plastic tap. It’s just one day to think twice before reaching for that plastic-wrapped food
and drink product. None of us are plastic saints; just do what you can.”
Chapter 5
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
Summary
This study focus mainly on the Excessive Use of Plastics in Mount Carmel
School of Maria Aurora Inc. It answer the following questions:
1. What are the negative effect of using plastics in Mount Carmel School of
Maria Aurora Inc.?
2. How can Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora Inc. help the environment
by limiting plastics?
3. What can be alternative way instead of using plastics in Mount Carmel
School of Maria Aurora Inc.?
The study was included different sections from grade 9-12 of Mount Carmel
School of Maria Aurora Inc. The respondents are random one hundred one (101)
students from different section in grade 9-12.
The researchers used the simple survey in the form of questionnaire. This is
concerned with the finding the effect or problems of excessive use of plastics in Mount
Carmel School of Maria Aurora Inc. that has been answered by random students in
grade 9-12.
The researchers applied descriptive survey research to describe the data
gathered regarding the problems and effect of excessive use of plastics in Mount Carmel
School of Maria Aurora Inc.
𝑓
To get the total of the survey, the percentage formula p = 𝑛 x 100 was applied.
Conclusions
Based on the findings and result of this study, the researchers draw out the
following conclusions:
1. Based on the result of the conducted survey from the random students of
Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora Inc. Some students do know the effect
of excessive use of plastics in their school but they do not follow the rules
regarding plastics like proper segregation of wastes and putting their trash in
the trashcans of their school.
2. Some of the students do not know the effect of excessive use of plastics in
Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora Inc. Respondents do not mind how
plastics reacts in the environment. The researcher conclude based from the
survey that there’s a lot of students who use plastics in their school and know
nothing about what will be the effect of it in the environment.
3. Students are in favor of having an alternative way or alternative objects
instead of using plastics especially in the canteen.
Recommendations
Based from the findings and conclusions drawn, the following
recommendations were offered:
1. The teachers in Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora Inc. should have a time
for teaching the students the right way to help the environment by limiting the
amount of plastics.
2. Teachers should motivate the students to be open minded in these certain
problems that can cause a huge damage in the environment.
3. There should be a program or seminars in Mount Carmel School of Maria
Aurora Inc. that is related on how students help their certain school to be an
eco-friendly school.
4. Canteen should limit their usage of plastics. They should have an alternative
objects in plastics like paper plate, paper cups or any things that can be
dissolve naturally or things that can recycle or use again.
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Plastics Cause Damage To The Environment?
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Control and Recycling: Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.
Olivia Rosane (2019, February 22). ‘Plastic Is Lethal’: Groundbreaking Report Reveals
Health Risks at Every Stage in Plastics Life Cycle.
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While Helping Families.
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Reduction Case Studies.
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Benefits, Costs and Opportunities for Continuous Improvement.
Wikipedia (2019). Plastic Pollution.
LETTER OF REQUEST TO THE PRINCIPAL
Mr. Remigio R. Bitong, LPT, MA
School Principal
Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora (MCSMA) Inc.
Barangay 02, Maria Aurora, Aurora
Dear Sir,
Greetings of Peace!
We Fay Francoise L. Uera and Tom Edison C. Fregillana, graduating senior

high students of Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora Inc. At a present, we are taking
up Academic Track Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) strand.
We would like to ask for your permission to allow us to conduct our research to the
selected students from grade 9,10,11,12 of Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora Inc.
The purpose of this survey is to know the awareness of the students of Mount Carmel
School of Maria Aurora Inc. regarding our research “The Negative Effect of Excessive
Use of Plastics in Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora Inc.
We are hoping for a favourable response from your good office. Thank you
very much and God bless you.
Respectfully yours,
Fay Francoise L. Uera Tom Edison C. Fregillana
Student – Researcher Student - Researcher
Noted by:
John Ian C. Barrientos
Research Teacher
LETTER TO THE RESPONDENTS
Dear Respondents,
Greetings of Peace!
We are Fay Francoise L. Uera and Tom Edison C. Fregillana, Grade 12 from
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) strand of Mount Carmel
School of Maria Aurora Inc., who currently embarked on a research project entitled
Aurora Inc.”
In this connection, we ask for your vulnerable assistance with our research
work. The data you can provide us through the attached survey questionnaire are
necessary for the completion of the study.
We guaranteed that each of your answers or responses will be treated with

utmost confidentiality and will only be used for the purpose of the study.
Thank you very much. May God bless you more.
Truly Yours,
Fay Francoise L. Uera Tom Edison C. Fregillana
Student – Researcher Student - Researcher
CURRICULUM VITAE
FAY FRANCOISE L. UERA
09983675618
PERSONAL INFORMATION
DATE OF BIRTH : January 30, 2002
PLACE OF BIRTH : Premiere General Hospital, Cabanatuan City
AGE : 17
GENDER : Female
NATIONALITY : Filipino
RELIGION : Roman Catholic
CIVIL STATUS : Single
FATHER’S NAME : Domingo R. Uera
MOTHER’S NAME : Felicidad L. Uera
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
ELEMENTARY: Philos Montessori Learning Center, Inc.

Brgy. 03, Maria Aurora, Aurora
SY: 2007-2008
Maria Aurora Central School

SY: 2008-2009
Leon Diaz Sr. Elementary School

Brgy. San Joaquin, Maria Aurora, Aurora
SY: 2009-2014
SECONDARY: Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora, Inc.

SY: 2014-2020
CURRICULUM VITAE
TOM EDISON C. FREGILLANA
09560839133
PERSONAL INFORMATION
DATE OF BIRTH : March 22, 2004
PLACE OF BIRTH : Brgy. 02, Maria Aurora, Aurora
AGE : 17
GENDER : Male
NATIONALITY : Filipino
RELIGION : Roman Catholic
CIVIL STATUS : Single
FATHER’S NAME : Jayson F. Fregillana
MOTHER’S NAME : Eden C. Fregillana
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
ELEMENTARY: Maria Aurora Central School

SY: 2007-2014
SECONDARY: Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora, Inc.

SY: 2014-2020
QUESTIONNAIRE
Name (optional): ____________________ Age: _____

Grade: ______ Gender: _____
EFFECT OF EXCESSIVE USE OF PLASTICS IN MOUNT

CARMEL SCHOOL OF MARIA AURORA (MCSMA) INC.
Direction: Put a check (/) in your chosen answer.
Part I

1. Are you following the rules on proper
segregation of wastes?
2. Do you put your trash in the trashcans in
your school?
3. Do you prefer plastic utensils in the
canteen rather than paper plates, paper cups
and other objects alternative for plastics?
4. How often do you recycling in your
classroom?
5. How often do you use plastics in your
daily life?
Part II
Yes No
6. Are you aware on what will be the struggles in the future when number
of plastics continue to grow?
7. Do you have some thoughts about how your school can help the
environment through limiting the use of plastics in your designated
school?
8. Are you in favor of having programs or seminars that is related in
limiting plastics in your school?
9. Do you want to have alternative objects for plastics in your canteen?
10. Are you agree on limiting plastics in your school?
Senior High School

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MOUNT CARMEL SCHOOL OF MARIA AURORA, (MCSMA) INC.

Senior High School i

THE NEGATIVE EFFECT OF EXCESSIVE USE OF PLASTICS IN MOUNT

A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of

Senior High School Department

Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora

In Fulfillment of the Final Requirement for Research Daily Life 2

FAY FRANCOISE L. UERA

TOM EDISON C. FREGILLANA

The Research Entitled:

Prepared and Submitted by:

Fay Francoise L. Uera

Tom Edison C. Fregillana

In partial fulfilment of the requirements for Science, Technology, Engineering and

JOHN IAN C. BARRIENTOS, LPT. REMIGIO R. BITONG, LPT, MA

Prepared and Submitted by:

Fay Francoise L. Uera

Tom Edison C. Fregillana

JOHN IAN C. BARRIENTOS, LPT. REMIGIO R. BITONG, LPT, MA

The researchers’ friends and classmates for sharing their insights;

inspirations in completing this work;

unending blessings to the researchers and their families.

To our loving parents

Domingo R. Uera and Felicidad L. Uera

Jayson F. Fregillana and Eden C. Fregillana

To my brother and sister (F.F.L.U.)

Deane Darius and Fae Francisque

And to Alex (T.E.C.F.)

This piece of work is humbly dedicated.

Approval Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

1 THE PROBLEM: ITS RATIONALE AND BACKGROUND

Background of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Significance of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Scope and Delimitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Sample and Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Data Processing Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF

5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND

Letter of Request to the Principal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Letter to the Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

in Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora (MCSMA) Inc.

School of Maria Aurora (MCSMA) Inc.

THE PROBLEM: ITS RATIONALE AND BACKGROUND

Background of the Study

molding. This refers to the material’s malleability, or plasticity during manufacture,

bottles, and much more.

Plastic takes several years to get decomposed which is not environmental

the environment during combustion of plastics. Plastic pollution is the accumulation of

organisms, particularly marine animals, can be harmed either by mechanical effects,

such as entanglement in plastic objects or problems related to ingestion of plastic waste,

Statement of the Problem

Maria Aurora Inc.?

Hypothesis 1: Plastic is highly durable material and it lasts longer. Plastics is

objects and it usually needs to create new inventions.

Hypothesis 2: There’s a rapid use of plastics in MCSMA especially in canteen,

world’s environment especially in their town.

 Plastic is highly durable

Significance of the Study

Excessive Use of Innovative Recycling

Plastic is the “ubiquitous workhorse material of the modern economy”. Plastics

Use Of Plastics Cause Damage To The Environment?