REPORT ON 3D PRINTING

WHAT IS 3D PRINTING ?
The term "3D printing" covers a variety of processes in which material is joined
or solidified under computer control to create a three-dimensional object, with
material being added together (such as liquid molecules or powder grains being
fused together), typically layer by layer.

- 3D printing techniques were considered suitable only for the production of

functional or aesthetical prototypes and a more appropriate term was rapid
prototyping

The term ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING can be used synonymously with "3D

printing . One of the key advantages of 3D printing is the ability to produce very
complex shapes or geometries, and a prerequisite for producing any 3D printed
part is a digital 3D model or a CAD file.

The most-commonly used 3D-printing process is a material extrusion technique

called fused deposition modeling.

The 3D-printing process builds a three-dimensional object from a

computer-aided design (CAD) model, usually by successively adding
material layer by layer (unlike the conventional machining
processwhere material is removed from a stock item

Alternative terms are also in use, such as Autonomous Robotic Construction

System (ARCS) Large scale Additive Manufacturing (LSAM), or Freeform
construction (FC), also to refer to sub-groups, such as '3D Concrete', used to
refer to concrete extrusion technologies.

Potential advantages of these technologies include faster

construction, lower labor costs, increased complexity and/or
accuracy, greater integration of function and less waste produced.
INFERENCE OF 3D PRINTING
ADVANTAGES
1.Potential advantages

2.Faster construction

3. lower labor costs,

4.increased complexity

5. accuracy,greater integration of function

6. less waste produced .

DISADVANTAGES

1. High Energy Consumption

2. 3D Printing Technology is Expensive

3. 3D Printers Aren’t that User-friendly

4. 3D Printers are Slow

5.Manufacturing Job Losses

6. Limited Materials
GAIA HOUSE

A call to save the world” conference, WASP presents Gaia, a case study
of 3D printed house using the new Crane WASP technology with natural
materials from the surrounding area

THE FIRST 3D PRINTED HOUSE WITH EARTH

Gaia, whose name is due to the use of raw soil as the main binder of
the constituent mixture, can be considered a new eco-sustainable
architectural model with particular attention to the use of natural
waste materials, coming from the rice production chain and
oriented to the construction of particularly efficient masonry from
a bioclimatic and healthy point of view.

MATERIALS

Rice House supplied the vegetable fibers through which WASP

has developed a compound composed of 25% of soil taken from the site
(30% clay, 40% silt and 30% sand), 40% from straw chopped rice, 25%
rice husk and 10% hydraulic lime. The mixture has been mixed through the
use of a wet pan mill,.

WOOD for the roof coverings insulated with lime

INTERNALLY it has been finished with clay lamina

EXTERNAL CASING

completely 3D printed on-site through the Crane WASP, has been

designed with the aim of integrating natural ventilation systems and thermo-
acoustic insulation systems in only one solution. The deposition of the
material based on raw earth, straw and rice husk
Project: Gaia Inauguration: 6-7 October 2018 Location: Via Castelletto 104,
Massa Lombarda (RA) Design: WASP In collaboration with: Rice House 3d
printer: Crane WASP Surface: 20 sq.m. Printed building envelope: 30 sq.
m. Total materials’ cost of the wall: 900 € Materials: Raw soil, straw, rice
husk, lime. Construction time: 10 days
3D PRINTING AND VERTICAL STUDIO
THE MATERIALS WHICH WE HAS BEEN USED ARE :

- CONCRETE (PORTLAND CEMENT)

- RECYCLED CONCRETE AGGREGATE , WHICH IS BEEN
CRUSHED INTO POWDER AND USED AS GRAVEL .
- DUST CREATED BY TREES ( SAW DUST ) AS AN GRAVEL TOO
- PLASTIC STABILIZERS ( POWDERS ) ARE MIXED INTO
AGGREGATE FOR GREATER DURABILTY
- TINTED GLASS
- WOOD