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Subject-Chemistry Investigatory project

on- Analysis of vegetable and fruit juices

Ameen Irfan

,he tomato )etymology and pronunciation. is the edi6le+ often

red fruit/6erry of the nightshade Solanum lycopersicum+
commonly known as a tomato plant# ,he tomato is consumed in
di&erse ways+ including raw+ as an ingredient in many dishes+
sauces+ salads+ and drinks# ?hile it is 6otanically a 6erry fruit+ it is
considered a &egeta6le for culinary purposes+ which has caused
some confusion# ,he species originated in the South
American Andes and its use as a food originated in "exico+ and
spread throughout the world following the Spanish coloniCation of
the Americas# Its many &arieties are now widely grown+
sometimes in greenhouses in cooler climates# ,he plants typically
grow to 1F3 meters )3F10 ft. in height and ha&e a weak stem that
often sprawls o&er the ground and &ines o&er other plants# It is
a perennial in its nati&e ha6itat+ although often grown outdoors in
temperate climates as an annual# An a&erage common tomato
weighs approximately 100 grams )4 oC.#

Material #e*uired:
0 Test T*)es
0 -*rner
0 ,itm*s paper
0 ,a)oratory rea(ents
0 2ario*s fr*its
0 2e(eta)le j*ices

.hemical #e*uirements:
0 p3 indicator

0 Iodine sol*tion
0 Fehlin( sol*tion A and Fehlin( sol*tion -
0 Ammoni*m chloride sol*tion
0 Ammoni*m hydro4ide
0 Ammoni*m o4alate
0 5otassi*m s*lphocyanide sol*tion.

)rocedure
%he vegetable juices are diluted using distilled water. %he
distilled water is added to it in order to remove color and
to make it colorless so that color change can be easily
watched and noted down. 'ow test for food substance is
taken down with the solution.

*+ Te"t &or Acidit! A %ake @ml of juice in a test tube

and p= values should be noted down by dipping it in the
test"tube. !f it turns red# it means that the juice is acidic
else it is basic..

,+ Te"t &or Starc3 A %ake <ml of vegetable juice in a

test tube# and add a few drops of iodine solution to it. !f
the solution turns blue in color it indicates the presence of
starch.

-+ Te"t for $rotein" A %ake @ml of @> of 'a$=

solution and add < drops of *us$3 known as burial
solution and add juice and shake well. !f the solution turns
violet in color it indicates the presence of proteins.

.+ Te"t &or Carbo3!drate" A %ake <ml of %ehlingBs

solution H and - and 0ml of %ehlingBs solution - in a %est
tube. !f the solution turns red it indicates the presence of
sugar like maltose# glucose# fructose and lactose.

/+ Te"t &or $ota""iu) A Hdd <ml of juice in a test tube

and picric acid# yellow color precipitate indicates the
presence of potassium.

0+ Te"t &or Calciu) A Hdd < ml of vegetable juice and

add '=3*l solution. +ilter the solution and to the filtrate
add < ml of ammonium oLalate solution. 9hite precipitate
indicates the presence of calcium.

1+ Te"t for 'agne"iu) A Hdd '=3$= and eLcess

Disodium =ydrogen ,hosphate to test tube with a glass
rod. 9hite precipitate indicates the presence of
magnesium.

+bservation
Cucumber

Te"t Ob"er2ation Inference

HcidC-ase p= %urns 7ed Hcidic
Rtarch 'o -lue *olor Hbsence $f Rtarch
,rotein 'o Violet *olor Hbsence of ,rotein

*arbohydrate 7ed *olor ,resence of *arbohydrate

,otassium 'o Tellow ,recipitate Hbsence $f ,otassium

*alcium 9hite ,recipitate Hbsence $f *alcium

Uagnesium 9hite ,recipitate ,resence $f Uagnesium

Carrot

Te"t Ob"er2ation Inference

HcidC-ase p= turns 7ed Hcidic
Rtarch 'o -lue *olor ,resence $f Rtarch

,rotein 'o Violet *olor Hbsence of ,roteins

*arbohydrate 7ed *olor ,resence of
*arbohydrates
,otassium Tellow ,recipitate ,resence of ,otassium

*alcium 'o 9hite ,recipitate Hbsence of *alcium

Uagnesium 'o 9hite ,recipitate Hbsence of Uagnesium

Tomato

Te"t Ob"er2ation Inference

HcidC-ase p= turns 7ed Hcidic
Rtarch 'o -lue *olor ,resence of Rtarch
,rotein 'o Violet *olor Hbsence $f ,rotein
*arbohydrate 7ed *olor ,resence of
*arbohydrates
,otassium Tellow ,recipitate ,resence of ,otassium

*alcium 9hite ,recipitate ,resence of *alcium

Uagnesium 'o 9hite ,recipitate Hbsence of

Uagnesium

#esult

Hfter performing the tests for carbohydrates#

proteins# fats and minerals# following can be
concluded about their presence in different
vegetables and fruits.
! %omato contains carbohydrates# proteins#
calcium# magnesium.
! *ucumber contains carbohydrates# proteins#
fats# calcium# magnesium# iron.
! *arbohydrates and starch are rich in tomato
and cucumber.

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