Psychology 201 - Chapter 6 Flashcards - Quizlet

11/14/2019 Psychology 201 - Chapter 6 Flashcards | Quizlet
Psychology 201 - Chapter 6

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Terms in this set (66)
When given a list of items primacy effect

to remember, people
tend to do better at
recalling the first items
on the list than the
middle of the list. This is
known as the _________.
https://quizlet.com/231323487/psychology-201-chapter-6-flash-cards/ 1/11
Shaquin finished his term retrieval

paper and handed it in.
As he walked out of the
classroom, he realized
that there were a few
more things he should
have included in the
paper. Shaquin's problem
is the _________ component
of memory.
A mnemonist is a person TRUE

with exceptional memory
ability.
The fact that it is easier to serial position effect

recall items at the
beginning and end of a
list of unrelated items is
known as the ______.
People with Alzheimer's anterograde amnesia

disease typically have a
memory problem known
as ________.
When old information FALSE; it is PROACTIVE interference

interferes with the
retrieval of newer
information, this is called
retroactive interference.
Information gets from selective attention

sensory memory to
short-term memory
through the process of
_________.
____________ is defined as an memory

active system that
receives information
from the senses,
organizes and alters
information as it stores it
away, and then retrieves
the information from
storage.
_________ is the tendency for _Proactive interference

older or previously
learned material to
interfere with the
retrieval of newer, more
recently learned
material.
_______
Want is the
toretention of
learn this set storage
memory for some period
quickly?
of time.
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When newer information FALSE; it is retroactive interference

interferes with the
retrieval of older
information, this is called
proactive interference.
A witness on the stand No, because there is a great possibility of a

swears that he saw "false positive" identification
someone commit a
crime. Must you believe
that the testimony is valid
when a witness testifies
so forcefully?
Which memory system sensory memory

provides us with a very
brief representation of all
the stimuli present at a
particular moment?
Repeating items over and Maintenance rehearsel

over in order to aid
memory is known as
________ rehearsal.
Someone a short the cocktail party effect

distance away, to whom
you have been paying no
attention, quietly speaks
your name, and suddenly
you attend to that
person. This is an
example of _________.
Maintenance rehearsal is repeating some bit of information over and

defined as _________. over in one's head in order to maintain it in
short-term memory
Which memory system is Short-term memory

the one that is a working,
active system that
processes the
information within it?
Recognition is the ability TRUE

to match information with
stored images or facts.
The Internet, with its long-term memory

series of links from one
site to many others, is a
good analogy for the
organization of _______
Loftus and others have TRUE

found that people
constantly update and
revise their memories of
events, adding
information to a memory
that occurred later even
when that information is

in error.
Memory an active system that receives information

from the senses, organizes and alters that
information as it stores it away and then
retrieves the information from storage
Encoding Process of putting information into a form

that can be stored in memory
Storage Retention of information in memory
Consolidation A change in the physiological brain that

facilitates the storage of a piece of
information
Retrieval A process of getting stored memories

back out into consciousness
Retrieval is bringing to information when you need it

mind the
Information-Processing a framework for studying memory that uses

Theory the computer as a model of human
cognitive processes
Memory involves 3 Encoding, Storage, Retrieval

distinct processes
Sensory Memory Shortest, lasts about 2 seconds, comes 1st

This memory system provides us with a
very brief representation of all the stimuli
present at a particular moment
Short-Term Memory Only holds about 7 items for about 30

seconds. 5-9 items.
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Working memory = STM acts as a workspace for carrying out

mental activity
Selective Attention ability to focus on only one stimulus from

among all sensory input
Cocktail Party Effect auditory attention focuses on information

that is personally meaningful
Chunking Grouping bits of information into larger

units so more information can be held in
Short term memory
Rehearsal Repeating information to maintain it in

Short term memory
Two types of rehearsal Maintenance and Elaborative
Maintenance Rehearsal "shallow" processing. Encoding based on

superficial features of information
Elaborative Rehearsal "Deep" processing. Encoding based on the

meaning of information
Long-Term Memory Relatively limitless storehouse for

(LTM) information
Non Declarative (LTM) implicit memory (stores motor skills, habits,

and simple classically conditioned
responses)
Declarative (LTM) stores facts, information, personal life

events (semantic and episodic)
Episodic Memory personal facts and memories of one's

personal history
Semantic Memory stores general knowledge or objective

facts and information
Measuring Retrieval in 3 Recall, Retrieval Cue, Recognition

ways
Recall task in which a person must produce

required information by searching memory
EXAMPLE OF RECALL short answer questions, fill-in-the-blank

questions, essay questions
Retrieval Cue any stimulus or bits of information that aids

in retrieving particular information from
long-term memory. DIRECTS YOU TO
RELEVANT INFORMATION STORED IN
LONG-TERM MEMORY
Recognition Identify material as familiar or as having

been encountered before
EXAMPLE OF Multiple choice

RECOGNITION
EXAMPLE OF RETRIEVAL fill in the blank

CUE
Retrieval failure not remembering something one is certain

of knowing (TIP OF THE TONGUE EFFECY)
TIP OF THE TONGUE Retrieval failure

EFFECT
Serial Position Effect for information learned in sequence

RECALL IS BETTER for items at the
BEGINNING and END than for items in the
middle of sequence
Primary Effect Tendency to RECALL 1ST ITEMS in

sequence more easily than the middle
items
Recency Effect Tendency to RECALL THE LAST ITEMS in

sequence more easily than the middle
items
Constructive Processing an account of an event that has been

pierced together from a few highlights
Flashbulb memories memories for shocking, emotion-provoking

events
Information about source Flashbulb memories

from which information
was acquired.
RECONSTRUCTIVE in
nature
Curve of Forgetting forgetting tapers off after a period of rapid

information loss immediately following
learning
Encoding failure occurs when information was never put

into long-term memory
Decay Theory memories, if not used, fade with time and

eventually disappear Does no appear in
LTM
Proactive Interference Information already stored in memory

interferes with remembering newer
information
Hippocampus plays an important role in forming episodic

memories, formation of semantic memories
involves the hippocampus. Navigational
skills.
Retrograde Amnesia loss of memory for experiences that

occurred shortly before a loss of
consciousness
Anterograde Amnesia inability to form new long-term memories

(loss of memory from the point of injury or
illness forward)
Infantile Amnesia Relative inability of older children and

adults to recall events from the first few
years of life. Hippocampus not fully
developed.

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11/14/2019 Psychology 201 - Chapter 6 Flashcards | Quizlet

Psychology 201 - Chapter 6

Terms in this set (66)

When given a list of items primacy effect

Shaquin finished his term retrieval

A mnemonist is a person TRUE

The fact that it is easier to serial position effect

People with Alzheimer's anterograde amnesia

When old information FALSE; it is PROACTIVE interference

Information gets from selective attention

____________ is defined as an memory

_________ is the tendency for _Proactive interference

effective and fun!

When newer information FALSE; it is retroactive interference

A witness on the stand No, because there is a great possibility of a

Which memory system sensory memory

Repeating items over and Maintenance rehearsel

Someone a short the cocktail party effect

Maintenance rehearsal is repeating some bit of information over and

Which memory system is Short-term memory

Recognition is the ability TRUE

The Internet, with its long-term memory

Loftus and others have TRUE

when that information is

Memory an active system that receives information

Encoding Process of putting information into a form

Storage Retention of information in memory

Consolidation A change in the physiological brain that

Retrieval A process of getting stored memories

Retrieval is bringing to information when you need it

Information-Processing a framework for studying memory that uses

Memory involves 3 Encoding, Storage, Retrieval

Sensory Memory Shortest, lasts about 2 seconds, comes 1st

Short-Term Memory Only holds about 7 items for about 30

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Working memory = STM acts as a workspace for carrying out

Selective Attention ability to focus on only one stimulus from

Cocktail Party Effect auditory attention focuses on information

Chunking Grouping bits of information into larger

Rehearsal Repeating information to maintain it in

Two types of rehearsal Maintenance and Elaborative

Maintenance Rehearsal "shallow" processing. Encoding based on

Elaborative Rehearsal "Deep" processing. Encoding based on the

Long-Term Memory Relatively limitless storehouse for

Non Declarative (LTM) implicit memory (stores motor skills, habits,

Declarative (LTM) stores facts, information, personal life

Episodic Memory personal facts and memories of one's

Semantic Memory stores general knowledge or objective

Measuring Retrieval in 3 Recall, Retrieval Cue, Recognition

Recall task in which a person must produce

required information by searching memory

EXAMPLE OF RECALL short answer questions, fill-in-the-blank

Retrieval Cue any stimulus or bits of information that aids

Recognition Identify material as familiar or as having

EXAMPLE OF Multiple choice

EXAMPLE OF RETRIEVAL fill in the blank

Retrieval failure not remembering something one is certain

TIP OF THE TONGUE Retrieval failure

Serial Position Effect for information learned in sequence

Primary Effect Tendency to RECALL 1ST ITEMS in

Recency Effect Tendency to RECALL THE LAST ITEMS in

Constructive Processing an account of an event that has been