Practice Booklet-Heat Transfer (FREE)

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Mechanical Engineering (PART II)

Heat Transfer-
Practice Questions with Solutions
With Hyperlinking between Questions and Solutions
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Heat Transfer Practice Set
Questions
1. A steam pipe, 10cm Inner diameter and 11cm outer diameter is covered with an
insulating substance (K=1W/m°K). If the convective heat transfer coefficient between
the insulation surface and air 8W/m2oK. then the critical thickness of insulation is
(A) 12.5cm (B) 1.5 cm (C) 7 cm (D) 25 cm
2. In a large plate, the steady temperature distribution is as shown in the given figure. If
no heat is generated in the plate, the thermal conductivity ‘K’ will vary as (‘T’ is
temperature and ‘  ’ is temperature coefficient of thermal conductivity)
T1
T2
(A) K0(1+  T) (B) K0(1–  T) (C) K0 +  T (D) K0 –  T
3. A steam pipe is covered with two layers of Insulating materials, with the better
insulating material forming the outer part. If the two layers are interchanged, the heat
conducted
(A) Will Increase
(B) Will Decrease
(C) Will remain unaffected
(D) May increase (or) decrease depending upon the thickness of each layer.
4. The one dimensional, time dependent heat conduction equation is given as

1 d  n T  T
r K  + g = eC p . In the above equation, the value of ‘n’ to get heat
r dr 
n
r  t
conduction equation in rectangular coordinates is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 
5. Biot number signifies

(A) the ratio of the heat conducted to the heat convected
(B) the ratio of heat convected to the heat conducted
(C) The ratio of external convective resistance to the internal conduction resistance
(D) The ratio of internal conduction resistance to the internal convective resistance.
Click here for solutions

6. The value of Biot number is very small, when

(A) The convective resistance of the fluid is negligible
(B) The conductive resistance of the fluid is negligible
(C) The conductive resistance of the solid is negligible
(D) The conductive resistance of the solid is more
7. The time constant of a thermocouple is the time taken to attain

(A) The final value to be measured
(B) 50% of the value of the initial temperature difference
(C) 63.2% of the value of the initial temperature difference
(D) 98.8% of the value of the initial temperature difference
8. For rapid response of the temperature measuring equipment, the value of thermal time
constant should be
(A) Infinity (B) Higher (C) Lower (D) Infinity
9. A Copper wire of radius 0.5mm is insulated with a sheathing of thickness 1mm having
a thermal conductivity of 0.5W/m°K. The outside surface convective heat transfer
coefficient is 10W/mm2°K. If the thickness of insulation sheathing is raised by 10mm,
then the current carrying capacity of wire will
(A) Increase
(B) Decrease
(C) Remain same
(D) Vary depending upon the electrical conductivity of the wire
10. The generalized heat transfer equation force cylindrical wall with one dimensional,
steady state with heat generation is
1   T  1   T  g
(A) r =0 (B) r + = 0
r r  r  r r  r  k
1   T  g 1 T 1   T 
(C) r + = (D) 2  r 2 =0
r r  r  k  t r r  r 
11. Fourier number is a measure of

(A) Rate of heat conducted to Rate of heat stored
(B) Rate of heat stored to Rate of Heat conducted
(C) Rate of Heat convected to Rate of Heat stored
(D) Rate of Heat stored to Rate of Heat convected

12. Interface thermal contact Resistance between two contacting surfaces can be decreased
by
(A) Decreasing Interface temperature (B) Increasing Interface pressure
(C) Increasing surface roughness (D) None
13. According to lumped heat parameter analysis, the rise (or) fall of temperature takes
place
(A) Linearly (B) Parabolic ally (C) Hyperbolically (D) Exponentially
14. The equation for critical thickness of insulation for sphere with Notation as
K=Thermal conductivity of insulating material
h0= Convective heat transfer coefficient between insulating material and Atmosphere
r2=Outer radius of sphere before adding insulation is
(A) K (B) 2K (C) K − r2 (D)  2K  − r2

h0 h0 h0  h0 
15. The door of a cold storage plant is made from two 6mm thick glass sheets separated by
a uniform air gap of 2mm. The temperature of the air inside the room is -20°C and the
ambient air temperature is 30°C. Assuming the heat transfer coefficient between glass
and air to be 23.26W/m2k, KGlass = 0.7W / mk , K air = 0.02 W / mk , then the rate of
the heat leaking into the room per unit area of the door neglecting convection effects in
the air gap is ________.
(A) 490.27 (B) 3125 (C) 247.54 (D) 431.03
16. A composite wall consists of two layers of different materials having thermal
conductivities ‘K1’ and ‘K2’. For equal thickness of the layers, the equivalent thermal
conductivity of the slab will be
K1 K 2 2K1 K 2
(A) K1K2 (B) K1+K2 (C) (B)
( K1 + K 2 ) ( K1 + K 2 )
17. Two different metallic slabs of equal areas are joined together and the temperature on
the free surfaces are 40°C and 20°C. The conductivities of the two metals (K1/K2) are
in the ratio of 1 : 3. If the junction temperature in between the two surfaces is required
to be 30°C, then their thicknesses (x1/x2) must be in the ratio of
(A) 3:1 (B) 1:3 (C) 2:1 (D) 1:2
18. A hot gas at 250°C flows through a long pipe of 100mm outer diameter and 10mm thick
made of a material of K=0.04W/m°K. The outer surface of thepipe is exposed to the
surroundings at 25°C. Given that the inside and outside convective heat transfer
coefficients are 30W/m2°K and 10W/m2°K respectively. The temperature of the outside
surface of the pipe is
(A) 55°C (B) 65°C (C) 80°C (D) 95°C
19. A 0.5m thick furnace wall ( K = 1 W/m o k ) is to be insulated with a material

( K = 0.08 W/m k ) . The temperature inside furnace is 1350oC, If the heat loss should
o
not exceed 750 W/m2 for the outer surface temperature of 50oC, the thickness of
insulation is close to
(A) 5 cm (B) 10 cm (C) 12 cm (D) 14 cm
20. The distribution of temperature across a furnace wall 50cm thick at a certain instant has
been measured and the following curve has been fitted to the data: T=900-300x+50x2
where ‘x’ is in meters and ‘T’ is in °C. Taking the property values as e=2240kg/m3,
Cp=0.8376 kJ/Kg°K, K=0.5815 W/m°K and consisting an area of 20m2, the heat stored
is
(A) 340W (B) 581W (C) 4000W (D) 6800W
21. The temperature distribution across a large concrete slab 50cm thick heated from one
side as measured by thermocouples approximates to the following relation,
T = 60 − 50 x + 12 x 2 + 20 x 3 − 15 x 4 , where ‘T’ in °C and ‘x’ is in meters, then what is the
location where the rate of heating (or) cooling is maximum
(A) 0.33mx (V) 0.11mx (C) 0.235mx (D) 0.281mx
22. A solid steel sphere of mass 5kg when quenched in oil bath at 50°C cools from 550°C
to 450° in 10 seconds. The temperature after the next 10 seconds will be
(A) 300°C (B) 350°C
(C) 370°C (D) Cannot found due to lack of date
23. Oranges are usually refrigerated as preservative measure. However, some prefer to eat
oranges that are a little cooler than room temperature but not as cold as the refrigerator
makes them. The time it takes for an orange removed from a refrigerator to reach 20°C
is ________(in mins)
Use the following conditions, refrigerator temperature = 4°C, Ambient temperature
=23°C, surface conductance=60W/m2°K, ‘K’ for orange=160W/m°K, Density of
orange=998kg/m3, specific heat of orange=2KJ/Kg°K and Orange diameter =105mm.
(A) 6.7 min (B) 7.7 min (C) 8.7 min (D) 5.7 min
24. A cylindrical insulation for a steam pipe has an inside radius 6cm, outside radius 8cm,
K=0.5W/m°K and inside and outside surface temperature are 430°C and 30°
respectively, the heat loss per meter length of the insulation is close to
(A) 4368W/m (B) 2184W/m (C) 1092W/m (D) 546W/m

25. A hallow cylinder 5 cm. Inner diameter and 10cm outer diameter has an inner surface
temperature of 200°C and an outer surface temperature of 100°C then the temperature
of the point halfway between the inner and the outer surfaces is,v(Take the thermal
conductivity of cylinder material as 70W/m°K)
(A) 150°C (B) 125°C (C) 141.5°C (D) 156.6°C
26. For the effective usage of fins, the required condition is

hP hA hP hA
(A) 1 (B) 1 (C) 1 (D) 1
KA KP KA KP
27. A square fin is split longitudinally and is used as two fins on a surface and then the heat
flow rate will
(A) Increases (B) Decreases
(C) Remains same (D) May Increase (or) Decrease
28. In general fins are attached to surfaces by

(A) Welding (B) Brazing (C) Soldering (D) Casting
29. In general the fins are made by using a material having

(A) Low ‘K’ & Low weight (B) low ‘K’ & High weight
(C) High ‘K’ & High weight (D) Low Weight
30. The best profile of fin that dissipates maximum amount of heat with minimum material
cost is
(A) Straight (B) Triangular (C) Trapezoidal (D) Parabolic

31. Match List-I  with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below
List –I (flow pattern) List – II (Situation)
(W) (1) Heated Horizontal Plate
(X) (2) Cooled Horizontal Plate
(Y) (3) Heated Vertical Plate
(Z) (4) Cooled vertical plate
(A) W4 X3 Y2 Z1 (B) W3 X4 Y1 Z2
(C) W3 X4 Y2 Z1 (D) W4 X3 Y1 Z2

32. Match list I with List II each letter has their usual meaning
List-I List-II
u2
(W) Prandtl Number 1)
C p T
g  L3 (Ts − T )
(X) Stanton Number 2)

C p
(Y) Rayleigh’s Number 3)
K
h
(Z) Eckert Number 4)
eC pu
(A) W1 X2 Y3 Z4 (B) W3 X1 Y2 Z4
(C) W3 X4 Y2 Z1 (D) W3 X2 Y1 Z4
33. For liquid metals, the Prandtl number is

(A) Pr  1 (B) Pr  1 (C) Pr  1 (D) Pr  −1
34. Match the List –I with List–II

List –I List–II
Inertia force
(W) 1) Biot number
Vis cous Force
Buoyancy Force
(X) 2) Prandle number
Viscous force
Conduction resistance of fluid
(Y) 3) Reynold’s number
convection resistance of fluid
Conduction resistance of Solid
(Z) 4) Grashof’s number
Convection resistance of fluid
5) Nusselt number
(A) W3 X4 Y1 Z2 (B) W4 X3 Y1 Z2
(C) W3 X4 Y5 Z1 (D) W3 X4 Y5 Z2

35. Consider the following statements

1. Heat transfer coefficient is very less in Boiling process
2. Drop wise condensation gives higher heat transfer rate than film-wise condensation
3. Heat transfer coefficient is less in a forced convection through pipes with rough
surface than the smooth surface.
4. Coiled tubes can serve as a heat transfer enhancement device.
Of these given statements,
(A) 1,2,3 & 4 are correct (B) 3 & 4 are correct
(C) 2 & 4 are correct (D) 1 & 2 are correct
36. Heat is being transferred by convection from water at 50°C to a glass plate whose
surface that is exposed to the water is at 35°C. The thermal conductivity of water is
0.6W/m°K and the thermal conductivity of glass is 1.2W/m°K. The spatial gradient of
dt
temperature in the water at the water –glass interface is = 1 104 K / m as shown in
dy
the figure.
50C
y
Water
Glass 35C
Then heat transfer coefficient ‘h’ in W/m2°K is

(A) 800 (B) 200 (C) 500 (D) 400
37. A 220cm high vertical pipe at 150°C wall temperature is in a room with still air at 10°C.
This pipe supplies heat at the rate of 8KW into the room air by natural convection.
Assuming laminar flow, the height of the pipe needed to supply 1KW only is
(A) 22cm (B) 27.5cm (C) 220cm (D) 110cm
38. Which of the following dimensional less parameter is used to measure the relative
importance of free convection in relation to forced convection.
Grashof Number Grashof Number
(A) (B)
( Reynold's number )
2
Re ynold ' s number
Grashof Number Grashof Number
(C) (D)
( Reyleigh number )
2
Rayleigh Number

39. It is hotter for the same distance over the top of the fire than it is on the side of it, mainly
because
(A) Air conducts head upwards
(B) heat is radiated upwards
(C) Convection takes more heat upwards
(D) Convection, conduction and radiation contributes significantly transferring heat
upwards.
40. For a laminar flow forced convective heat transfer over a flat plate, the local heat transfer
coefficient (hx) is proportional to (Where x=Distance from the leading edge)
1 1 3
−
(A) x 2 (B) x 2 (C) x (D) x 2
41. One fin is made of brass (K=86W/m°K) and the other fin made of Copper
(K=370W/m°K) having their ends inserted into the furnace. The both rods are exposed
to same environment. Assume both are long fins and at a distance of 30mm away from
the furnace, the temperature of brass rod is 120°C, At what distance from the furnace,
the same temperature would reach in copper?
(A) 30mm (B) 60 mm (C) 32.23mm (D) 62.23mm
42. Two rods one of length ‘L’ and the other of length ‘2L’ are made of the same material
and have the same diameter. The two ends of the longer rod are maintained at 100°C.
One ends of the shorter rod is maintained at 100°C while the other end is insulated.
Both the rods are exposed to the same environment at 40°C. The temperature at the
insulated end of the shorter rod is measured to be 55°C. The temperature at the midpoint
of the longer rod would be
(A) 40°C (B) 50°C (C) 55°C (D) 100°C
43. Two Identical surfaces are provided with two identical long fins except the heat transfer
coefficient on first surface is twice that of the second surface. Then which of the
following statements is correct regarding Efficiency & Effectiveness of first surface fin
relative to second one?
(A) Higher efficiency & Higher effectiveness
(B) Lower efficiency & Lower Effectiveness
(C) Higher efficiency & Lower effectiveness
(D) Lower efficiency & Higher Effectiveness

44. If the decrease in thermal resistance due to provision of fin is 0.142°K/W. The
consequent increase in the heat transfer rate from the wall if it is maintained at a
temperature of 200°C and the surroundings are at 58°C is _____
(A) 1000KW (B) 100KW (C) 10 KW (D) 1KW
45. In an experiment to determine the thermal conductivity of a long solid 2.5cm diameter
rod, it’s base is placed in a furnace with a large portion of it projecting into the room air
at 22°C. After steady state conditions prevail, the temperatures at two points 10cm apart,
are found to be 110°C and 85°C respectively. The convective heat transfer coefficient
between the rod surface and the surrounding air is 28.4 W/m2°K. The thermal
conductivity of the rod material is
(A) 100 (B) 203 (C) 385 (D) 407
46. The thickness and breadth of a fin is 2mm and 20cm respectively, take (T0– T )=200°C,
h=15W/m2°K and K=45W/m°K and assume that the heat loss from the tip is negligible.
The heat loss rate from the surface of the rectangular fin of length 2cm on a plane wall
is
(A) 13.2 watts (B) 41.6 watts (C) 23.2 watts (D) 46.4 watts
47. The relation between effectives (  ) and efficiency ( ) for a fin is given by
 f =  f . X . The ' X ' stands for
Volume Surface area
(A) (B)
Surface area Cross sectinal area
Cross sectinal area Surface area
(C) (D)
Surface area Volueme
48. A cube at High temperature is immersed in a constant temperature bath. It losses heat
from it’s top, bottom and side surfaces with heat transfer coefficient h1, h2 and h3
respectively. The average heat transfer coefficient for the cube is
h +h +h h + 4h2 + h3 h + 4h3 + h2 h +h +h
(A) 1 2 3 (B) 1 (C) 1 (D) 1 2 3
6 6 6 6
49. Consider the heating of atmospheric air flowing with a velocity of u = 0 .5m/sec inside
a thin-walled tube 2.5cm in diameter in the hydro dynamically and thermally developed
region. Heating is done by condensing steam on the surface of the tube. What is the heat
transfer coefficient (h) for the above constitution? (the air properties at 350°K are
 = 20.76 10−6 m 2 / sec K=0.03W/m°K and nusselt number at constant temperature
=3.66 and Nusselt number for constant heat flux condition is =4.364.)
(A) 5.24W/m2°K (B) 4.392W/m2°K (C) 4.816W/m2°K (D) 2.62W/m2°K
50. Water at 50°C enters a 1.5cm diameter and 3mts long tube with a velocity of 1m/sec.
The tube wall is maintained at a constant temperature of 90°. What is the total amount
of heat transferred if the exit water temperature is 64°C. Use Dittus –Boelter equation
for Nusselt number as Nu = 0.023 Re 0.8 Pr 0.4 and the properties of water at the average
temperature at 57°C are e=990Kg/m3 = 0.517 10−6 m 2 / sec , Cp=4184 J/kg°K,
K= 0.65W/m°K , Pr=3.15
(A) 15.70KW (B) 27.34KW (C) 33.14KW (D) 19.03KW
51. If the velocity of water inside a smooth tube is doubled the turbulent flow heat transfer
coefficient between the water and tube will be
(A) Remain unchanged
(B) Increase to double it’s value
(C) Increases but will not reach double it’s value
(D) Increases to more than double it’s value.
52. For the same inlet and outlet temperatures of Hot and cold fluids the LMTD
(Logarithmic mean temperature difference) is
(A) Greater for parallel flow heat exchanger than for counter flow Heat exchanger
(B) Greater for counter flow heat exchanger than for parallel flow Heat exchanger
(C) Same for both parallel and counter flow Heat exchanger
(D) Dependent on the properties of the fluids.
53. A cross flow type air heater has an area of 50m2. The overall Heat transfer coefficient
is 100W/m2°K and heat capacity of both hot and cold streams is 1000W/ok The value
of NTU (Number of transfer units) is
(A) 1000 (B) 500 (C) 5 (D) 0.2
54. For opaque gray bodies (assume e=Reflectivity,  =Absorptivity  =Transmissivity)

(A) e = 0,  =0,  =1 (B) e = 1,  +  =1
(C)  =0,  + e=1 (D)  +e +  =1
55. Match List-I with List-II

(W) Black body 1) The radiative properties are independent
of wave length.
(X) Gray body 2) Radioactive intensity is same in all
directions.

(Y) Spectral radiating surface 3) Radiative intensity is dependent on

wave length.
(Z) Diffuse radiating surface 4) Emissivity is equal to Absorptivity and
is equal to ‘1’
(A) W4 X3 Y2 Z1 (B) W4 X1 Y2 Z3
(C) W4 X1 Y3 Z2 (D) W1 X4 Y3 Z2
56. Match List –I with list – II

List – I List-II
(A) Infinite parallel planes (1) 1
(B) Small body (2) in a large enclosure (1) (2) 2
(C) Small Gray bodies with large (3) 1  2
distance apart
1
(D) Infinite long concentric cylinders (4)
1 1
+ −1
1 2
1
(5)
1 A1  1 
+  − 1
1 A2   2 
A B C D A B C D
(A) 4 3 2 5 (B) 4 1 3 5
(C) 1 3 4 5 (D) 5 2 3 4
57. 1. CO2, water vapor absorbs thermal radiation in certain ranges of wave lengths only.
2. For gases reflectivity is low.
3. For metals, the value of Transmissivity is high.
4. A small opening on the surface of a hollow sphere is the closest approximation to
black body.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(A) 1, 2, 3, & 4 (B) 2, 3 & 4 (C) 1, 2 & 4 (D) 1, 2 & 3
58. Sun’s surface at 5800°K Emits radiation at wave-length of 0.5  m . A furnace at 300°C
will emit through a small opening, radiation at wave length of nearly
(A) 10  m (B) 5  m (C) 0.25  m (D) 0.025 

59. The spectral emissive power E for a diffusely emitting surface is

E =0 for   3 m
E = 150W / m2 m for 3    12m
E = 300W / m2 m for 12    25m
E = 0 for   25 m
The total emissive power of the surface over the entire spectrum is
(A) 1250w/m2 (B) 2500w/m2 (C) 4000w/m2 (D) 5250w/m2
60. The view factors F12 and F21 for the sphere of diameter ‘d’ and a cubical box of length
l=d as shown in the figure, respectively are
A1
=d
A2
   
(A) 1 and (B) and 1 (C) 1 and (D) and 1
3 3 6 6
61. The shape factor of a hemispherical body placed on a flat surface with respect to itself
is
(A) 1.0 (B) 0.5 (C) 0.25 (D) Zero
62. The Effectiveness of a shell and tube steam condenser is 0.5. Then what is NTU
(Number of transfer units) of the give condenser?
(A) 0.5 (B) 0.75 (C) 0.693 (D) 0.307
63. In certain Heat exchanger, both the fluids have identical flow rate – specific heat
product. The hot fluid enters at 76°C and leaves at 47°C, and the cold fluid entering at
26°C leaves at 55°C. The effectiveness of the Heat exchanger is
(A) 0.16 (B) 0.58 (C) 0.72 (D) 1.0
64. A designer chooses the values of fluid flow ranges and specific heats in such a manner
that the heat capacities of the two fluids are equal. A hot fluid enters the counter flow
heat exchanger at 100°C and leaves at 60°C. The cold fluid enters the heat exchanger
at 40°C. The log mean temperature different between the two fluids is
 100 + 60 + 40 
(A)   C (B) 60°C
 3 
(C) 40°C (D) 20°C

65. In a counter flow heat exchanger, the product of specific heat and mass flow rate is same
for the hot and cold fluids If NTU is equal to 0.4 then the effectiveness of heat
exchanger is
(A) 1.0 (B) 0.4 (C) 0.286 (D) 0.33
66. 8000kg/hr of air at 105°C is cooled by passing it through a counter how heat exchanger.
The exit temperature of air if water enters at 15°C and flows at a rate of 7,500kg/hr
is,(Given overall heat transfer coefficient (U)=45W/m2°K, surface area of Heat
exchanger (A)=20m2, CP(air)=1.005KJ/kgoK, CP water=4.18KJ/kg°K and effectiveness
( ) = 0.37 is )
(A) 72°C (B) 65°C (C) 57°C (D) 42°C
67. A chemical having specific heat of 3.3KJ/kg°K, flowing at the rate of 20000kg/hr enters
a parallel flow heat exchanger at 120°C. How rate of cooling water is 50,000kg/hr with
an inlet temperature of 20°C. The Heat transfer area is 10m2 and the overall Heat
transfer coefficient is 1050W/m2ok. Take specific heat of water as 4.186KJ/kg°K. The
Effectiveness of the Heat exchanger is
(A) 0.4 (B) 0.5 (C) 0.6 (D) 0.3
68. A double Pipe counter flow heat exchanger is to be designed to cool 12000kg/hr of an
oil of specific heat 1.95KJ/kg°K from 85°C to 55°C by water of specific heat
4.18KJ/kg°K entering the heat exchanger at 30oC and leaving at 45°C. If the overall
heat transfer coefficient of heat exchanger is 400 W/m2°K, the surface area of the Heat
exchanger is
(A) 5.6m2 (B) 7.79m2 (C) 9.1m2 (D) 15.3m2
69. Two fluids, A and B exchange heat in a counter flow heat exchanger. Fluid ‘A’ enters
at 420°C and has a mass flow rate of 1Kg/sec Fluid ‘B’ enters at 20°C and also has a
mass flow rate of 1kg/sec. Effectiveness of heat exchanger is 75% The heat transfer rate
in the heat exchanger is,( assume CPA =1KJ/kg°K, CPB = 4KJ / kg K )
(A) 300kW (B) 420kW (C) 510kW (D) 280kW
70. A Heat exchanger is to be designed to cool air from 500°C to 350°C by an equal flow
rate of air entering at 90°C. The heat transfer coefficient on the hot side is 60W/m2 –K
and on the cold side 30W/m2–K. The heat transfer area required for counter flow
is,(Take the flow rate of air to be 5kg/sec and the specific heat of air to be 1.02KJ/kg-
K)
(A) 147m2 (B) 121m2 (C) 135m2 (D) 168m2

71. 1) Large thermal stresses are produced in parallel flow Heat changer.
2) LMTD Cross flow > LMTD Courter flow > LMTD Parallel for the same temperature
conditions at inlet and outlet of the Heat exchanger.
3. Increase in the fluid bulk temperature decreases the rate of building up of fouling
in Heat exchangers.
4. Effectiveness of heat exchanger used in Boiling (or) condensation is same for both
counter flow and parallel flow modes of operation.
Of these statements
(A) 1,2,3 & 4 are correct (B) 1 & 2 only correct
(C) 1 & 4 only correct (D) 2 & 3 only correct
72. 1) Parallel straight-line pattern of temperature distribution will occur in parallel flow
heat exchanger with equal heat capacities.
2) Number of Transfer units (NTU) is a measure of size of the heat exchanger.
3) In shell and tube Heat exchanger, baffles are mainly used to reduce fouling of the
tube surfaces.
4) NTU method is very much useful in thermal design of Heat exchanger only when
the inlet temperatures of the fluid streams are known.
(A) 1,2,3 & 4 (B) 1 & 2only (C) 2& 3 only (D) 2&4 only
73. The net radiation from the surfaces of two parallel plates maintained at temperatures T1
and T2 is to be reduced by 100 times. Then the number of screens to be placed between
the two surfaces to achieve this reduction in heat exchange, assuming the emissivity of
the screen as 0.05 and that of the surfaces as 0.8
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8
74. A counter flow heat exchanger of heat transfer area 12.5m2 is to cool oil (Cp=2KJ/kg°K)
with water (Cp=4.17KJ/kg°K). The oil enters at 100°C with 2kg/sec, while water enters
at 20°C with 0.48Kg/sec. The overall heat transfer coefficient is 400W/m 2K. the exit
temperature of water is
(A) 40°C (B) 65°C (C) 87°C (D) 95°C
75. A long semi-circular duct of Radius ‘R’ is shown in the given figure. What is the shape
factor for the surface ‘2’ to it self (Neglecting and surfaces) is
A2
A1
(A) 0.64 (B) 0.36 (C) 0.5 (D) 1

Solutions
1. (C)
K 1
Sol. Critical Radius of Insulation ( rc ) = = = 0.125mts
h 8
Critical thickness of insulation
0.11
tc = rc − r0 = 0.125 −
2
= 0.07mts = 70mm = 7cm
2. (A)
Sol. For the temperature profile shown in the figure, the '  ' value will be greater than zero
hence Thermal conductivity (K) variation will be
K = K0 (1 +  T )
3. (B)
Sol. To decrease the heat loss in cylindrical pipes always Better insulating material should
be placed first. (Low thermal conductivity)
In the question, also the insulating material is interchanged with better insulating
material at the first, hence conducted heat will decrease.
4. (A)
Sol. The time dependent heat conduction in Rectangular coordinates is
 2T T
K + g = ec p , This will be obtained by placing n=0 and r=x in the above
x 2
t
equation.
5. (D)
 LC 
hL  KA 
Sol. Biot number ( Bi ) = c = 
K  1 
 
 hA 
Internal conduction Resistance
=
External convective Resistance
Back to Questions
6. (C)
 LC 
hL  KA 
Sol Biot number ( Bi ) = c = 
K  1 
 
 hA 
Condective Resis tan ce of solid
=
Convective Re sis tan ce of fluid
When the Biot number is very small, the conductive resistance of solid is very less
(negligible)
7. (C)
 ecv 
Sol. The quantity   is called time constant (t*), In thermocouple of temperature
 hA 
T − T
measurement, when t=t* then = e−1 = 0.368
T0 − T
This indicates that the temperature difference between the body and the ambient
(source) would be reduced by 63.2% of the initial temperature difference.
8. (C)
evc p
Sol. Thermal time constant ( t *) =
hA
 hA 
t 
T − T − t
 evc p  − 
W.K.T. =e  
=e  t* 
Ti − T
For rapid response, ‘t*’ should be lower, so that ‘t’ will reaches ‘t*’ very quickly.
9. (A)
Sol. Kitsulator = 0.5W / mK h = 10W / m2 K
K 0.5
Critical Radius of insulation rc = = = 0.05m = 50mm
h 10
Radius of wire after thickness of insulation is raised by 10mm r=0.5+10
=10.5mm < rc(50mm)
Hence, Heat loss will increase and current carrying capacity will increase.
10. (B)
Sol. One dimensional steady state with heat generation in cylindrical wall is
1   T  g
r + = 0
r r  r  K
Back to Questions
11. (A)
1
K   L2
t
=  3
Kt L
Sol. Fourier number ( F0 ) = 2 = 2
L ec p L ec p L
t
Rate of Heat conduction across 'L' in volume 'L3 ' (W / C )
=
Rate of heat storage in volume ' L3 ' (W / C )
12. (B)
Sol. By increasing Interface pressure, the gaps between contacting surfaces gets closed
leads to decrease the contact Resistance.
13. (D)
Sol. In lumped heat parameter analysis temperature rise (or) fall takes places exponentially
 hA 
T − T − t
 evc 
i.e., =e  p
T0 − T
14. (D)
 2K 
Sol. Critical thickness of sphere (tc)=   − r2
 h0 
15. (C) Air gap

Sol. Given that, hi=h0=23.26W/m2 oK
Kglass=0.75W/m°K
Kair=0.02W/m°K
Ti = −20o C
T0 = 30C
Q
=
(T0 − Ti )
A 1 + L1 + L2 + L3 + 1
hi K1 K 2 K3 h0
Q
=
(30 − ( −20 ) ) 6 2 6 Glass sheets
A 1 0.006 0.002 0.006 1 L1 L2 L3
+ + + +
23.26 0.75 0.02 0.75 23.26
= 247.54W / m 2
Back to Questions
16. (D)
Sol. Q=
(T1 − T2 )
L L
+ T1 • K1 K2 •T
K1 A K 2 A 2
Q=
(T1 − T2 )
 2L 
  L L
 K eq A 
(T1 − T2 ) = (T1 − T2 )
L
+
L  2L 
K1 A K 2 A  K A  T1 • K eq •T
 eq  2
1 1
=
K1 + K 2 2 2L
K1 K 2 K eq
2 K1 K 2
K eq =
K1 + K 2
17. (B)
Sol. We know that,
T1 = 40C
For the stead state Heat transfer, •
T −T T −T • T2 = 30C
Q= 1 2 = 2 3
 x1   x2  K1 K2
    • T3 = 20C
 K1 A   K 2 A 
( 40 − 30 )( K1 ) = ( 30 − 20 )( K 2 ) x1 x2
x1 x2
x1 10 K1 1
=  =
x2 10 K 2 3
x1 1
=
x2 3
Back to Questions
18. (C)
Sol. r2 = 60mm
r1 = 50mm
h 0 = 10W / m2o k
T2
•
•
•
T2 = 25C
K = 0.04W / mo k
h c i = 30W / m2 K T1 = 250C
For the steady state heat transfer,
T1 − T2 T2 − T  2
=
r  1
n 2 
 1   r1  +  1  h0 ( 2 r0 ) L
 +  
 hi ( 2 ri L )  ( 2 KL )  h0 ( 2 r0 L ) 
250 − 25 T2 − 25
 =
  60    1 
 n    

1 
 +  50  +
1
  (10  2  0.06  L ) 
  30  2  0.05  L  ( 2  0.04  L ) (10  2  0.06  L ) 
 
 
 T2 = 79.42  80
19. (B)
Sol. Given that Q = 750W / m2
Q = 750 =
(T1 − T2 )
 L1   L2 
 + 
 K1   K 2 
750 =
(1350 − 50 )
 0.5   L2 
 + 
 1   0.08 
 L2 = 9.86cm  10cm
Back to Questions
20. (B)
Sol. Given that,. T=900-300x+50x2, Cp=0.8376KJ/kg°K, K=0.5815W/m°K
A=20m2 e=2240Kg/m3
 T 
Heat entered at x=0, Qx =0 = − KA  
 x  x =0
 T 
Heat leaving at x = 0, Qx =0.5 = − KA  
 x  x =0.5
Qx =0 = −0.5815  20  ( −300 ) = 3489Watts
• • x = 0.5
Qx =0.5 = −0.5815  20  ( −300 + 100  0.5 ) = 2907.5Watts 0.5
mm
Heat stored = Qx =0 − Qx =0.5 = 3489 − 2907.5 = 581.5Watts
21. (A)
Sol. G.T . T = 60 − 50 x + 12 x 2 + 20 x3 − 15 x 4
The rate of heating (or) cooling will be maximum when
  T 
 =0
x  t 
 2T 1 T
W .K .T . =
x 2  t
T  2T
 = 2
t x
  T2
 3T
  2  = 0  3 = 0
x  x  x
 120 − 360 x = 0
 x = 0.33m
22. (C)
Sol. In the first 10 seconds, t1=10 seconds
Ti = 550C , T = 50C , T ( t1 = 10sec ) = 450C
T ( t1 = 10sec ) − T
− hA
t1
=e p
evc
Ti − T
− hA
450 − 50 (10)
=e p ... (1)
evc
550 − 50
In the next 10 seconds, t2=10seconds
Ti = 450C , T = 50C , T ( t2 = 10sec onds ) = ?
(T ( t 2 = 10 ) − 50 )
=e
− hA
evc p
(10 )
... ( 2 )
( 450 − 50 )
Back to Questions
(T ( t = 10 ) − 50 )
400
2 400
500
( from (1) )
=
400  400
 T ( t2 = 10 ) − 50 =
500
400  400
 T ( t2 = 10 ) = + 50
500
 T ( t2 = 10 ) = 370C
23. (A)
Sol. T = 23C ,
h = 60W / m2 K , K = 160W / mK ,
e = 998Kg / m3 , C p = 2 KJ / Kg K ,
d = 105mm = 0.105m,
Ti = 4c, T = 23C
4  r3
V d 0.105
T = 20C , LC = = 3 2 = r = = = 0.0175
A 4 r 3 6 6
 hA   h 
T − T − t
 evc 
− t
 eL c 
=e  p  =e  c p 
Ti − 
 
20 − 23
160
− t 
 = e  9980.01752000 
4 − 23
 t = 6.716 min
24. (A)
Sol. T1
T2
ro
rr1
i
r2
K = 0.5W / mK
T1 = 430 + 273 = 703o K
r1 = 6cm = 0.06m
T2 = 30 + 273 = 303o K
r2 = 8cm = 0.08m Back to Questions
K = 0.5W / m K L = 1m
Q=
(T1 − T2 ) = ( 703 − 303)
r 
  0.08  
 n  0.06  
n 2 
 
 r1  
2 KL 2  0.5 1 
 
 
Q = 4368.1W / m
25. (C)
T1 − T T − T2 r = 3.75cm
Sol. Q= =
r r 
n  n 0 
 ri  r
2 KL 2 KL T=?
d x = 5cm
200 − T T − 100
 =
 3.75   5 
n  n  d 0 = 10cm T2 = 200cm
 2.5   3.75 
 3.75 
n 
200 − T
= 
2.5 

T − 100  5 
n 
 3.75  T1 = 200cm
 200 − T = 1.4094 (T − 100 )
 T = 141.5C
26. (B)
KP hA
Sol. For long Fins, Effectiveness = 1 1
hA KP
27. (A)
t
2
t
t
2
When a square fin is split longitudinally, the surface area for heat transfer by
convection increases, which in turn increases the heat flow rate.
Back to Questions
28. (B)
Sol. Fins are attached to the surface by “brazing” Method of joining method.
29. (D)
Sol. Generally, fins are made by using a material having High ‘K’ (Thermal conductivity)
and low weight.
30. (D)
Sol. We know that the heat dissipated by every segment of a fin of uniform cross-sectional
area is not the same. In fact, the part of the fin away from the base or root is much less
effective than the cross-section at the base. The fin material near is not properly
utilized. Hence fins with parabolic profile dissipates minimum heat with minimum
material cost.
31. (B)
Sol. When any fluid is gets heated, it’s density will get decreased and because of
Buoyancy force it gets lifted hence ‘A’ & ‘C’ How pattern Represent Heated vertical
and Heat Horizontal plates respectively.
When any fluid is gets cooled its density will get increased and it flows down because
of gravities Hence, B&D flow patterns represents cooled vertical and Horizontal
plates respectively.
32. (C)
33. (B)
Sol. For liquid metals,  h   t , Hence Pr<<1.
34. (C)
35. (C)
36. (D)
Sol. Given that K water = 0.6W / mK
dT
( water ) y =0 = 1104 K / m
dy
Temperature of water (Twater ) = 50C ,
Back to Questions
Temperature of glass Plates (TGlass plate ) = 35C
At the water − glass Interface,
Heat transfer by conduction = Heat transfer by convection
 dT 
 A K water   = h A (Twater − TGlass plate )
 dy  water y =0
0.6 1104 = h ( 50 − 35 )
 h = 400W / m 2 K
37. (B)
Key. L1 = 220cm, Ts = 150C ,
T = 10C , Q1 = 8kW
L2 = ?, Ts = 150C ,
T = 10C , Q2 = 1kW
We know that,
Q1  DL1  h  (Ts − T )
=
Q2  DL2  h  (Ts − T )
8 220  (150 − 10 ) 220
=  L2 = = 27.5cm
1 L2  (150 − 10 ) 8
38. (B)
Sol. The ratio of

Grashoff Number ( Gr ) is usd to measure the relative importance of
( Reynold's number ) ( Re )
2 2
free convection in relation to forced convection.
39. (B)
Sol. We know that, Nusselt number equation for laminar flow over that plate is
1
hx
Nu x = x = 0.33.2 ( Pr ) 3 ( Re x ) 2
1
K
1
hx x  evx  2
 
K   
1
hx x  x 2
−1
hx  x 2
Back to Questions
40. (C)
41. (D)
Sol. Given That, K glass = 86W / mk , Kcopper = 370W / mK ,
We Know that, in long temperature distribution equation is
T ( x ) − T
= e − mx
T0 − T
For brass rod , x = 0.03m T ( x ) x =0.03 = 120C
120 − T
= e − mbress 0.03 ... (1)
T0 − T
For copper rod , x = ?, T ( x ) = 120C
120 − T
... ( 2 )
−m x
= e copper
T0 − T
(1)  m  0.03 = m  x  x = mBreass  0.03
( 2) bress copper
mcopper
K copper  hP 
x=  0.03  m = 
K Bress  KA 
370
x=  0.03 = 0.0622m = 62.23mm
86
42. (C)
Sol.
T = 40C
100C
100C
2L
Insulated
100C 55C
L
Since both the longer and shorter rods are exposed to same environment. Temperature
at the middle of longer rod will be same as the temperature at the end of shorter rod
since condition at the middle of longer rod will be as the condition at the end of short
rod because at the middle of longer rod will be constant no heat transfer will occur
leads to the insulated condition as like in the end of shorter rod.
So, Answer is 55°C
Back to Questions
43. (B)
Efficiency of long fin in (lo n g fin ) =

1 1 KAc 1
Sol. = = 
mL hP hP L
L
KAc
Given that h1  h2 , hence (long f in )  (long f in )
1 2
Effeciency of long fin (  long fin ) =

PK
hAc
Given that h1  h2 , hence (  long fin )  (  long fin )
1 2
44. (D)
1
Sol. Decrease in thermal resistance =
Increase in thermal conductance
1
Increase in thermal conductance =
Decrease in termal resistance
1
=
0.142 K
W
Increase in Heat transfer = Increase in thermal conductance T
1
=  (T0 − T )
0.142
T0 = 200C , T = 58C
1
=  ( 200 − 58 )
0.142
= 100Watts
= 1KW
45. (D)
Sol. Given that the rod is long, Temperature distribution can be taken as follows
Tx − T
= e− mx
T0 − T
Given that, Tx = 110C , Tx + 0.1 = 85C , T = 22C
110 − 22
= e− mx ... (1)
T0 − 22
Tx + 0.1 − T
= e − m( x + 0.1)
T0 − T
85 − 22
 = e− m( x +0.1) ... ( 2 )
T0 − T Back to Questions
(1)  110 − 22 = e− mx+ mx+0.1m

( 2 ) 85 − 22
88 0.1m  88 
 = e  n   = 0.1m
63  63 
 88 
n 
 m =   = 3.342
63
0.1
hP 28.4    0.025  4
= 3.342  = 3.342
KA K    0.025
 K = 406.8  407W / m K
46. (C)
Sol. Given that, (T0 − T ) = 200C ,
h = 15 W/ m 2  K ,
K = 45W / mK
t = 2mm, b = 20cm, L = 2cm
We know that, Heat loss rate from the fin with insulated tip is
Q = hPKA (T0 − T ) tan hmL
 2 20 
15  2   + 
m=
hP
=  1000 100 
= 18.35
KA  20 2 
45    
 100 1000 
 2 20   20 2 
Q = 15  2  +   45      ( 200 )  tan h (18.35  0.02 )
 1000 100   100 1000 
= 23.2Watts
Back to Questions
47. (C)
We know that, Effectiveness of long fin (  f ) =

PK
Sol.
hAc
Efficiency of long fin ( f ) =

KAc 1

hP
f =  f  x
1 KAc PK
= x
hP hAc
1 KAc hAc
x=  
hP PK
1 A A Ac cross sectional area
x=  c = c = =
P P Surface area Surface area
Cross sectional area
x =
Surface area
48. (C)
Sol. Let us assume a cube of Side ‘a’ with a temperature of ‘Ts’ is immersed in a constant
temperature bath of ‘ T ’
Heat transfer from all surfaces of cube
= ( h1a 2 + h3  4a 2 + h2  a 2 ) (Ts − T )
= a 2 ( h1 + 4h3 + h2 )(Ts − T )
Average Heat transfer from a cube = h (total surface area of cube (Ts − T )
Where h =Average Heat transfer coefficient
h 1 ( Top surface )
By equating both
a 2 ( h1 + 4h3 + h2 ) = h 6a 2
h1 4h3 h2 h 3 ( Side surface )
h= + +
6 6 6
h 2h h
h= 1+ 3+ 2
6 3 6 a
 h + 4h3 + h2 
h = 1 
 6 
h2
49. (B)
Sol. Given that, u = 0.5m / sec
D = 2.5cm = 0.025mm
 = 20.76 10− m2 / sec, K = 0.03W / mK Back to Questions
Since the heating is done by condensing steam i.e., constant temperature condition
prevails on the outer surface of the thin walled tube.
hD
Hence use Nu=3.66 =
K
h  0.025
3.66 =
0.03
0.03  3.66
h= = 4.392W / m2  K
0.025
50. (B)
Sol. Given that, Properties of water at 57°C are
e = 990kg / m3 , = 0.517 10 −6 m 2 / sec,
c p = 4184 J / Kg  K , K = 0.65W / m K
Pr = 3.15, V = 1m / sec, D = 0.015m
evD vD 1 0.015
Re = = = = 29014
  ( 0.517 10−6 )
hD
Nu = = 0.023 Re0.8 Pr 0.4
K
h  0.015
= 0.023  ( 29014 ) ( 3.15 )
0.8 0.4
0.65
h = 5861W / m 2  K
T + T 50 + 64
Bulk mean Temperature (Tb ) = i 0 = = 57C
2 2
( )
Total amount of Heat transfer Q = h DL (Ts − Tb )
Q = 5861   0.015  3  ( 90 − 57 )
= 27.343KW
51. (C)
Sol. For the turbulent flow inside a smooth tube the Nusselt number equation is
Nu = 0.023 ( Re ) ( pr )
0.8 0.4
0.8
 eVD    Cp 
0.4
hD
 = 0.023    
K     K 
 h1V10.8
If Velocity of water is doubled then h2 ( 2v1 )
0.8
h2
 = 1.741 Back to Questions
h1
 h2 = 1.741h1
Heat transfer coefficient will increase but not reach double its value.
52. (B)
Sol. Assume Thi = 80C Tho = 55C
Tci = 35C Tc0 = 50
Thi = 80C
Thi = 80C
T Th0 = 55C
Tci = 50C Th0 = 55C
Tci = 35C T
Tci = 50C
Tci = 35C
L
L
Counter flow heat exchanger Parallel flow heat

T1 = 80 − 50 = 30C T1 = 80 − 35 = 45C
T2 = 55 − 35 = 20C T2 = 55 − 50 = 5C
T1 − T2 T1 − T2
( T )ln = ( T )ln =
 T   T 
n 1  n 1 
 T2   T2 
30 − 20 45 − 5
= =
 30   45 
n  n 
 20   5 
= 24.66 = 18.20
So, (( T ) )
n Counterflow
 ( ( T ) n )
parallal flow
53. (C)
Sol. Given that, A = 50m2 , U = 100W / m2  K
Cmin = Cmax = Ch = Cc = 1000W /  K
UA 100  50
NTU = = =5
Cmin 1000
Back to Questions
54. (C)
Sol. Opaque bodies are non-transparent, means their transmissivity is zero (  )=0
And So  + e = 1 (  + e + T = 1)
55. (C)
56. (B)
57. (C)
58. (B)
Sol. According to Wien’s displacement law
( T )max = 2897.6 mK  2900 mK
Given that 1 = 0.5 m,
T1 = 5800 K
2 = ?
T2 = 300 + 273 = 573 K
1T1 = 0.5  5800 = 2900
 2T2 = 2900
2900
 2 = = 5.06 m  5 m
573
59. (D)
The total Emissive power

( E ) =  E d 
0
3 12 25 
=  0d  +  150d  +  300d  +  0d 
0 3 12 25
= 150  (12 − 3) + 300 ( 25 − 12 ) = 5250W / m2
60. (C)
2
d 
Sol. A1 = 4 r 2 = 4   =  d 2
2
Back to Questions
A2 = 6d 2
F11 + F12 = 1
F11 = 0  F12 = 1
F21 + F22 = 1
A1 F12 = A2 F21
  d 2 (1) = 6d 2 F21

 F21 =
6
61. (B)
Sol. F11 = 0 ( Since surface '1' is flat )
F11 + F12 = 1 hemispherical surface

F12 = 1 A2
A1 =  R 2 , A2 = 2 R 2
R Flat surface
A1 F12 = A2 F21
 (1) = 2  R 2 ( F21 ) A1
R2
1
F21 = = 0.5
2
F21 + F22 = 1  F22 = 1 − 0.5 = 0.5
62. (C)
Sol. For a condenser or Boiler, Effectiveness ( ) = 1 − e− NTU
 0.5 = 1 − e− NTU
 NTU = 0.693
63. (B)
Sol Given That, mhCPh = mcCPc
Thi = 76C Th0 = 47
Tci = 26C Tc0 = 55C
Effectiveness =
(
mhCPh Thi − Th0 ) = m C (T − T )
h Pc c0 ci
Cmin (T
hi − Tci ) C (T − T )
min hi ci
Cmin = Cmax = mhCPh = mcCPc

Thi − Th0 76 − 47
= = = 0.58
Thi − Tci 76 − 26 Back to Questions
64. (D)
Key. Given that, mhCPh = mcCPc
Thi = 100C , Th0 = 60C ,
Tci = 40C , Tc0 = ?
( )
We kow that, mhCPh Thi − Th0 = mcCPc Tc0 − Tci ( )
 Tc0 = 80C
T1 = Thi − Tc0 = 100 − 80 = 20C
T2 = Th0 − Tci = 60 − 40 = 20
T1 + T2 20 + 20
T n = = = 20C
2 2
65. (C)
Sol. Given that, mhCPh = mcCPc
NTU = 0.4
C
 C = min = 1
Cmax
NTU
  counter flow heat exchanger will be
1 + NTU
0.4
= = 0.286
1 + 0.4
66. (B)
Sol. G.T. mair = 8000 Kg / hr = 2.22kg / sec Thi = 105C Cair = 1.005KJ / Kg  K
( Hot fluid )
mwater = 7500kg / hr = 2.083kg / sec
(cold fluid)
Back to Questions
Tci = 15C
Cpwater = 4.18kJ / kg  K
Cair = mair  CPair = 2.222  1.005 = 2.23311
Cwater = mwater  Cpwater = 2.083  4.18 = 8.7069
Cmin = Cair = 2.23311
We know that Effectiveness of heat exchanger
Q
( ) =
(
Cmin Thi − Tci )
0.37 =
(
mwater  Tc0 − Tci ) =
(
mair  Cpair  Thi − Th0 )
2.23311 (105 − 105 ) 2.23311 (105 − 15 )
 Th0 = 72C
67. (A)
Sol. Given that,
CPchemical = 3.3KJ / kg  K , mchemical = 20000kg / hr = 5.56kg / sec
CPwater = 4.186 KJ / k g  K, m water = 50000kg / hr = 13.89kg / sec
U = 1050W / m 2  K , A = 10 m 2 ,
Thi = 120C , Tci = 20C
C10chemical = mchemical  CPchemical = 5.56  3.3 = 18.348kW /  K
Cwater = mmater  CPWater = 6.13.89  4.186 = 58.1435kW /  K
Cmin = Cchemical = 18.348
1 − e− N (1+C )
Effectiveness of Parallel flow heat exchanger (  ) =
1+ C
UA 1050 10
N= = = 0.5723
Cmin (18.348 103 )
Cmin 18.348
C= = = 0.3156
Cmax 58.1435
1 − e −0.5723 (1 + 0.3156 )
=
1 + 0.3156
= 0.402  0.4
Back to Questions
68. (D)
Sol. Given that
12, 000
moil = 12, 000kg / hr = kg / sec, C poil = 1.95KJ / kg o K
3600
Thi = 85C , Th0 = 55C
U = 400W / m 2  K , TCi = 30C , Tc0 = 45C
( )
Q = mwater  C pwater  Tc0 − Tci = UA ( T ) n
T1 − T2
( T ) n =
 T 
n 1 
 T2 
T1 = Thi − Tc0 = 85 − 45 = 40C
T2 = Th0 − Tci = 55 − 30 = 25C
40 − 25
( T ) n = = 31.915C
 40 
n 
 25 
( ) (
mwater  Cpwater  Tc0 − Tci = moil  Cpoil  Thi − Th0 )
12000
 mwater  4.18  ( 45 − 30 ) = 1.95  (85 − 55 )
3600
 mwater = 3.11Kg / sec
 3.11 4.18 103  ( 45 − 30 ) = 400  A  31.915
 A = 15.3m2
69. (A)
Sol. Given that
mA = 1kg / sec, TiA = 420C, CPA = 1KJ / Kg o K
mB = 1kg / sec, TiB = 20C, C PB = 4 KJ / Kg o K
 = 0.75
C A = mA  Cp A = 1 1 = KW /  K
CB = mB  CpB = 1 4 = 4 KW /  K
Cmin = C A = 1KW /  K
Q
=
Cmin (TiA − TiB )
 Q = 0.75 1103 ( 420 − 20 )
= 300 KW
Back to Questions
70. (A)
Sol. Given that
Thi = 500C Th0 = 350C mh = mc = 5kg / sec
Tci = 90C hh = 60W / m 2  K h c =30W/m 2 °K
Cph = Cpc = 1.02 KJ / kg o − K
Qh = Qc
( ) (
mh  Cph  Thi − Tho = mc  Cpc  Tc0 − Tci )
(
 5 1.02  ( 500 − 350 ) = 5  1.02  Tc0 − 90 )
 Tc0 = 240C
T1 = Thi − Tco = 500 − 240 = 260C
T1 + T2 2  ( 260 )
( T ) n = = = 260C
2 2
Qh = Qc = UA ( T ) n
1 1 1 1 1
= + = +  U = 20W / m 2  K
U hh hc 60 30
( )
mh  Cph  Thi − Th0 = UA ( T ) n
 5 1.02 103  ( 500 − 350 ) = 20  A  260
 A = 147.11m 2
71. (C)
Sol. LMTD counter flow > LMTDcross flow> LMTD Parallel So Statement ‘2’ is not correct
Increase in the fluid bulk temperature increases the rate of Building up of fouling in
Heat exchangers so statement ‘3’ is not correct.
72. (D)
Sol. Baffles are mainly used in shell and tube exchanger to increase the heat transfer by
acting as fins so statement 3 is not correct
Parallel straight-line pattern of temperature distribution will occur in counter flow
heat exchanger with equal specific heats.
73. (B)
Sol. The heat transfer between two parallel plates with ‘n’ shields is given as
Back to Questions
A (T14 − T24 )
Q 12 = n
,
1 1 1
( with shield )
+ + 2 − ( n + 1)
1 2 i =1  si
A (T14 − T24 ) Q12
When n=0,Q12 =  = 100
1 1 Q12
+ −1
1 2 ( with shield )
A (T14 − T24 )
1 1 2n
+ + − n −1
1 2 s
 100 =
A (T14 − T24 )
1 1
+ −1
1 2
2 2n
+ − n −1
100 = 0.8 0.05  n = 3.8  4
2
−1
0.8
74. (C)
Sol. moil = 2kg / sec
Cpoil = 2 KJ / kg  K mwater = 0.48Kg / sec
Cpwater = 4.17 KJ/ kg  K U = 400 W/ m 2  K ,
A = 12.5m 2 Th1 = 100C Tc1 = 20C
Coil = moil  Cpoil = 2  2 = 4 KW /  K = C max
Cwater = mwater  Cpwater = 0.48  4.17 = 2.0016 KW /  K
Cmin = Cwater = 2.0016 KN /  K
1 − e − N (1−C )
 counter =
1 − ce − N (1−C )
C 2.006
C = min = = 0.5004
Cmin 4
UA 400 12.5
N= = = 2.498
Cmin ( 2.0016 1000 )
1 − e−2.498(1−0.5004)
 counter = = 0.8325
1 − 0.5004 e−2.498(1−0.5004)
 counter =
mwater  Cpwater  Tc2 − Tc1 ( ) = 0.8325
(
Cmin Th1 − Tc1 )
 Tc2 = 86.6  87C Back to Questions
75. (B)
Sol. We know that, F11+F12=1
F11=0 ( sin ce surface '1' is flat )
F12=1 A2
A2 =  RL A1 = 2 RL
A1 F12 = A2 F21 R
A   2 RL  2
 F21 =  1  F12 =   (1) = L
 A2    RL  
2
F21 + F22 = 1  F22 = 1 − F21 = 1 − = 0.36 A1

Back to Questions

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Heat Transfer Practice Set

(A) K0(1+  T) (B) K0(1–  T) (C) K0 +  T (D) K0 –  T

4. The one dimensional, time dependent heat conduction equation is given as

5. Biot number signifies

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Heat Transfer Practice Set

6. The value of Biot number is very small, when

7. The time constant of a thermocouple is the time taken to attain

11. Fourier number is a measure of

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Heat Transfer Practice Set

(A) K (B) 2K (C) K − r2 (D)  2K  − r2

Heat Transfer Practice Set

(A) 55°C (B) 65°C (C) 80°C (D) 95°C

19. A 0.5m thick furnace wall ( K = 1 W/m o k ) is to be insulated with a material

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Heat Transfer Practice Set

26. For the effective usage of fins, the required condition is

28. In general fins are attached to surfaces by

29. In general the fins are made by using a material having

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Heat Transfer Practice Set

(X) (2) Cooled Horizontal Plate

(Y) (3) Heated Vertical Plate

(Z) (4) Cooled vertical plate

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Heat Transfer Practice Set

33. For liquid metals, the Prandtl number is

34. Match the List –I with List–II

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Heat Transfer Practice Set

35. Consider the following statements

Then heat transfer coefficient ‘h’ in W/m2°K is

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Heat Transfer Practice Set

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Heat Transfer Practice Set

Heat Transfer Practice Set

(A) 5.24W/m2°K (B) 4.392W/m2°K (C) 4.816W/m2°K (D) 2.62W/m2°K

54. For opaque gray bodies (assume e=Reflectivity,  =Absorptivity  =Transmissivity)

55. Match List-I with List-II

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Heat Transfer Practice Set

(Y) Spectral radiating surface 3) Radiative intensity is dependent on