Ministry of High Education 2022-2023 : Fall 2022 Mid-Term Exam

Madina Higher Institute for Course Name : Thermal & Optical Physics
Engineering and Technology Course Code : EPHS 220
Comm.& Electronics Department Time Allowed : (1) Hour
First year Comm. & Elec. Students Date : 21 /11. / 2022
Dr. Kamal Shoaib Total Mark : 25 Marks
Solve the following questions showing your working:
1. What is heat transfer?
a) Flow of thermal energy from low-temperature reservoir to high-temperature reservoir
b) Flow of energy in the form of heat from high-temperature reservoir to low-temperature reservoir
c) Flow of thermal energy irrespective of reservoir temperature
d) None of the above (1 point )

Answer: b
Explanation: Heat transfer is a branch of thermal engineering which deals with the study of transfer
of energy from a high-temperature reservoir to low-temperature reservoir.
2- Why fins are provided on a heat transfer surface?
a) Pressure drop of the fluid should be minimized
b) Increase turbulence in flow for enhancing heat transfer
c) Surface area is maximum to promote the rate of heat transfer
d) Increase temperature gradient so as to enhance heat transfer (1 point )

Answer: c
Explanation: Fins are added to the surface of a heat exchanger to improve heat transmission by
increasing the surface area exposed to the environment.
3. First law of thermodynamics is based on?
a) Conservation of energy b) Conservation of mass
c) Conservation of momentum d) Conservation of work (1 point )

Answer: a
Explanation: The first law of thermodynamics is based on the conservation of energy. It deals with
work done and heat energy supplied or removed from a system. It basically says that energy supplied
to a system is conserved.
4. If 315 cal of heat is given to the system, and the system does 20 cal of work, find the change in
internal energy.
a) 295cal b) 335cal c) 0 cal d) 335J (3 points )
Answer: a
Explanation: The first law states that ΔU=ΔQ – ΔW
= 315 – 20
= 295cal.
Work is positive as it is done by the system. Heat is positive as it is supplied to the system.
5. What is the relation between the internal energy and heat supplied
in the process 1 & 2 shown in the diagram? Both paths start at A and
end at B.

a) U1 > U2, Q1 > Q2 b) U1 < U2, Q1 > Q2

c) U1 = U2, Q1 = Q2 d) U1 = U2, Q2 > Q2 (1 point )

Answer: d
Explanation: The initial and final states are the same for both processes, so the value of internal
energy will be the same (U1 = U2).
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The area under the PV curve gives work done.
In the given diagram, area under 1 is greater than area under 2. So, W1 > W2.
We know, ΔQ =ΔU + ΔW, which implies that Q1 > Q2 since U is same for both and W1 > W2.
6. A block of mass 1kg is given a velocity of 5m/s on a horizontal flat surface. What will be the change
in internal energy of the block-surface system, when the block comes to rest. The coefficient of kinetic
friction is 0.3 and coefficient of static friction is 0.4.
a) 25J b) 12.5J c) 0 d) 30J (3 points )
Answer: b
Explanation: The kinetic energy of the block will change into internal energy of the system.
Initial kinetic energy = 0.5*1*25 = 12.5J.
Therefore the internal energy change = 12.5J.
7. A disc spinning with 24J of kinetic energy is kept in a container containing a fluid having a heat
capacity of 2000J/K. When the disc comes to rest what will be the change in internal energy if ΔU =
3.5ΔT.
a) 0 b) 0.042J c) 0.021J d) 0.028J (3 points )
Answer: b
Explanation: When the disc comes to rest all its kinetic energy will have been converted into internal
energy of the system.
The fluid has a heat capacity of 2000J/K which means that for 24J the change in temperature will be
24/2000 = 0.012K.
Given: ΔU = 3.5ΔT
⇒ ΔU = 3.5*0.012
= 0.042J.
8. In the process A to B to C, 20J of heat is supplied from A to B. 20.5J
of heat has been removed from B to C and 2J of heat has been added
from C to A. Calculate the value of ‘v’ from the given conditions in the
diagram. The values of pressure and volume given in the graph are in
S.I. units.
a) 4m3 b) 1.5m3
c) 3m3 d) 8m3 (3 points )
Answer: a
Explanation: In one cycle the change in internal energy should be zero.
The heat energy supplied in one cycle is 20 – 20.5 + 2 = 1.5J.
Therefore the work done by the system in one cycle should be 1.5J.
Area under PV curve is work done,
thus 0.5*(v-1)*1 = 1.5.
∴ v = 4m3.
9. At constant pressure P the volume of a gas increases from V1 to V2 when ‘Q’ amount of heat is
removed from the system. What will happen to internal energy?
a) Remain the same if Q = P(V1 – V2) b) Decrease by an amount P(V2 – V1) – Q
c) Decrease by an amount Q + P(V2 – V1) d) Increase by some unknown amount (1 point )
Answer: c
Explanation: The internal energy will definitely decrease as both factors heat removal and work done
by gas support the same. ΔU = ΔQ – ΔW = -Q – P(V2 – V1) = -(Q + P(V2 – V1)). Thus, we can say that
internal energy decreases by an amount = Q + P(V2 – V1).
10- The r.m.s. velocity of the molecules in the sample of helium is 5/7th that of the molecules in the
sample of hydrogen. If the temperature of the hydrogen sample is 0oC that of helium is
a) 0oC b) 0 K c) 273oC d) 100oC (3 points )
Answer: (a)

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11- The mean kinetic energy of one gram-mole of a perfect gas at absolute temperature T is (MHT-
CET-1999)
a) KT b) 1/2 KT c) 2/3 KT d) 3/2 KT (1 point )
Answer: (d)
12- Which one of the following quantities can be zero on a average for the molecules of an ideal gas in
equilibrium?
a) Kinetic energy b) Density c) Momentum d) Speed (1 point )
Answer: (c)

13- We have a jar ‘A’ filled with a gas characterized by parameter P, V and T. another jar ‘B’ filled
with a gas with parameters 2P, V4 and 2T, where symbols have their usual meanings. The ratio of the
number of molecules of jar ‘A’ to those of jar ‘B’ is
a) 1: 1 b) 1: 2 c) 2: 1 d) 4: 1 (1 point )
Answer: (d)

14- For a gas, the r.m.s. speed at 800K is (MP-PMT-97)

a) Half the value at 200 K b) Double the value at 200 K
c) Same as at 200 K d) Four times the value at 200 K (1 point )
Answer: (b)
15- A unit mass of solid converted to liquid at its melting point. Heat is required for this process is
a) Specific heat b) Latent heat of vaporization
c) Latent heat of fusion d) External latent heat (1 point )
Answer: (c)

Best Wishes
Dr. Kamal Shoaib