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PHYSICS
THERMODYNAMICS
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1.If an ideal gas is compressed isothermally then 7.100 g of water is heated

a)No work is done against gas from30℃ to 50℃.Ignoring the slight expansion of
b)Heat is released by the gas the water, the change in its internal energy is
c)The internal energy of gas will increase (Specific heat of water is 4184 J/kg/K)
d)Pressure does not change a)8.4 kJ
b)84 kJ
2.In an adiabatic process, the state of a gas is c)2.1 kJ
changed from , , to , , . Which of the d)4.2 Kj
following relation is correct?
a) = 8.Figure shows four − diagrams. Which of these
b) = curves represent isothermal and adiabatic process?
c) =
d) =

3.A Carnot engine used first ideal monoatomic gas

and then an ideal diatomic gas, if the source and a) and
sink temperatures are 411℃ and 69℃, respectively b) and
and the engine extract 1000 J of heat from the c) and
source in each cycle, then d) and
a)Area enclosed by the − diagram is 10 J
b)Heat energy rejected by engine is 1st case is 600 J 9.In the above question, if γ = 1.5, the gas may
while that in 2nd case in 113 J a)Monoatomic
c)Area enclosed by the − diagram is 500 J b)Diatomic
d)Efficiencies of the engine in both the cases are in c)A mixture of monoatomic and diatomic gases
ratio 21:25 d)A mixture of diatomic and triatomic gases

4.For free expansion of the gas which of the 10. − plots for two gases during adiabatic
following is true processes are shown in figure. Plots 1 and 2 should
a) = = 0 and ∆ =0 correspond respectively to
b) = 0, > 0 and ∆ =−
c) = 0, > 0 and ∆ =
d) > 0, < 0 and∆ =0

5.For a gas, the difference between the two

principle specific heats is 4150 Jkg K . What is
a)He and O
the specific heat of the gas at constant volume if the
b)O and He
ratio of specific heat is 1.4?
c)He and Ar
a)5186 Jkg K
d)O and N
b)10375 Jkg K
c)1660 Jkg K 11.When heat is given to a gas in an isothermal
d)8475 Jkg K change, the result will be
a)External work done
6.During an adiabatic expansion of 2 moles of a gas,
b)Rise in temperature
the change in internal energy was found −50 . The
c)Increase in internal energy
work done during the process is
d)External work done and also rise in temp.
a)Zero
b)100
c)−50
d)50
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12.1 mm of gas is compressed at 1 atm pressure 17.5 mole of an ideal gas with (γ = 7/5) initially at
and temperature 27℃ to 627℃.What is the STP are compressed adiabatically so that its
pressure under adiabatic condition? (γfor the gas = temperature becomes 400℃. The increase in the
1.5) internal energy of gas in kJ is
a)27 × 10 Nm a)21.55
b)12 × 10 Nm b)41.55
c)15 × 10 Nm c)65.55
d)23 × 10 Nm d)50.55

13.A given mass of a gas is compressed 18.Pressure-temperature relationship for an ideal

isothermally until its pressure is doubled. It is then gas undergoing adiabatic change is ( = / )
allowed to expand adiabatically until its original a) = constant
volume is restrored and is pressure is then found to b) = constant
be 0.75 of its initial pressure. The ratio of the c) = constant
specific heats of the gas is approximately d) = constant
a)1.20
b)1.41 19.For one complete cycle of a thermodynamic
c)1.67 process on a gas as shown in the - diagram.
d)1.83 Which of following is correct
P

14.If = 4.96 / , then increase in internal

energy when temperature of 2 moles of this gas is
increased from 340 to 342
a)27.80
O V
b)19.84
a)∆ = 0, <0
c)13.90
b)∆ = 0, >0
d)9.92
c)∆ > 0, <0
d)∆ < 0, >0
15.A Carnot engine whose source is at 400 K take
200 cal of heat and rejects 150 cal to the sink. What
20.The internal energy of the gas increases in
is the temperature of the sink?
a)Adiabatic expansion
a)800 K
b)Adiabatic compression
b)400 K
c)Isothermal expansion
c)300 K
d)Isothermal compression
d)Cannot say

21.Figure shows a thermodynamical process on one

16.Three designs are proposed for an engine
moles a gas. How does the work done in the process
operating between 500 K and 300 K. For 1 kcal of
change with time?
heat input, design claims to produce 3000 J of
work, design claims to produce 2000 J of work
and design claims to produce 1680 J of work. The
design which is possible
a) only
b) only
c) only a)Decrease continuously
d)All of these b)Increases continuously
c)Remains constant
d)First increase and then decreases
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22.Which statement is incorrect 27.One mole of an ideal gas having initial volumeV,
a)All reversible cycles have same efficiency pressure 2p and temperature T undergoes a cyclic
b)Reversible cycle has more efficiency than an process ABCDA as shown below.
irreversible one
c)Carnot cycle is a reversible one
d)Carnot cycle has the maximum efficiency in all
cycles

23.What is the value of sink temperature when

efficiency of engine is 100%?
a)Zero
The net work done in the complete cycle is
b)300K
a)Zero
c)273K
d)400K b) In 2
c)RT In 2
24.During an adiabatic process, the cube of the d) In 2
pressure is found to be inversely proportional to
the fourth power of the volume. Then the ratio of 28.An ideal gas heat engine operates in a Carnot’s
specific heats is cycle between 227℃ and 127℃.It absorbs 6 × 10 J
a)1 at high temperature. The amount of heat converted
b)1.33 into work is
c)1.67 a)1.6 × 10 J
d)1.4 b)1.2 × 10 J
c)4.8 × 10 J
25.A gas at pressure 6 × 10 Nm and volume 1m d)3.5 × 10 J
and its pressure falls to 410 Nm , When its
volume is 3m . Given that the indicator diagram is a 29.Efficiency of Carnot engine is 100% if
straight line, work done by the system is a) = 273
a)6 × 10 J b) = 0
b)3 × 10 J c) = 273
c)4 × 10 J d) = 0
d)10 × 10 J
30.In the certain process, 400 cal of heat are
26.Four curves , , and are drawn in the supplied to a system and at the same time 105 J of
adjoining figure for a given amount of gas. The mechanical work was done on the system. The
curves which represent adiabatic and isothermal increase in its internal energy is
changes are a)20 cal
P
B C b)303 cal
c)404 cal
d)425 cal
A D

V
a) and respectively
b) and respectively
c) and respectively
d) and respectively
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31.In the given p-V diagram, I is the initial state and 35.A gas expands adiabatically at constant pressure,
F is the final state such that its temperature ∝ . The value of
√ .
The gas goes from I to F by
/ of the gas is
(i)IAF
a)1.30
(ii)IBF
b)1.50
(iii)ICF
c)1.67
The heat absorbed by gas is
d)2.00
p
F
36.During adiabatic expansion of 10 moles of a gas,
the internal energy decreases by 50 J. Work done
B
during the process is
A C
a)+50 J
l
b)−50 J
V c)Zero
d)Cannot say
a)The same in all three processes
b)The same in (i) and (ii) 37.An ideal monoatomic gas is taken around the
c)Greater in (i) than in (ii) cycle as shown in versus diagram. Work
d)Greater in (iii) than in (ii) done during the cycle is

32.Work done in the given cyclic process is

p

2p
1

p
1
a)
V
V1 3V 1 b)0.5
c)2
a) d)3
b)3
c)2 38. - diagram of an ideal gas is as shown in figure.
d)zero Work done by the gas in process is
P
33.The specific heat of an ideal gas varies with
temperature as C D
2P0
a) P0
B A
b)
V
c) V0 2V0 3V0

d) a)4
b)2
34.Blowing air with open mouth is an example of c)3
a)Isobaric process d)
b)Isochoric process
c)Isothermal process
d)Adiabatic process
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39.In a Carnot engine, when = 0℃ and = 44.In isothermic process, which statement is wrong
200℃,its efficiency is η and when = 0℃ and = a)Temperature is constant
−200℃, its efficiency is η , then what in / ? b)Internal energy is constant
a)0.577 c)No exchange of energy
b)0.733 d)(a) and (b) are correct
c)0.638
d)Cannot be calculated 45.Two soap bubbles of radii x and y coalesce to
constitute a bubble of radius z. Then is equal to
40.A mass of dry air at NTP. is compressed to th a) +
of its original volume suddenly. If γ = 1.4, the final b) +
pressure would be c) +
a)20 atm d)
b)66.28 atm
c)30 atm
d)150 atm

41.An ideal gas is expanded adiabatically at an

initial temperature of 300 so that its volume is
doubled. The final temperature of the hydrogen gas
is ( = 1.40)
a)227.36
b)500.30
c)454.76
d)−47℃

42.The change in internal energy of a given mass of

gas, when its volume changes from to 2 at
constant pressure is ( = , universal gas
constant=R)
a)

b)
( )

c)
( )

d)( )

43.The coefficient of performance of a refrigerator

work between 10℃ and 20℃ is
a)28.3
b)29.3
c)2
d)Cannot be calculated
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Answers key
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
b a c a b d a a c b
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
a a b b c c b d a b
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
b a a b a c c b b d
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
d c d a b a a c a b
41 42 43 44 45
a d a c a
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As actual = 1.5. Therefore, gas must be a mixture

HINT AND SOLUTIONS of monoatomic and diatomic gases
1.(b) 10.(b)
In isothermal process, heat is released by the gas to As is clear from figure,
maintain the constant temperature Slope of curve 2 > Slope of curve 1
2.(a) (γ ) = (γ )
For adiabatic process γ >γ
As γ > O
=
∴ adiabatic curve 2 corresponds to helium and
adiabatic curve 1 corresponds to oxygen
= 11.(a)
In isothermal change, temperature remains
= constant,
3.(c) Hence ∆ = 0
Here, = 411℃ = (411 + 273)K = 684 K Also from ∆ = ∆ + ∆ ⇒ ∆ = ∆
= 69℃ = (69 + 273)K = 342 K 12.(a)
= 1000 J For adiabatic change, = constant
342 1
η= =1− =1− =
684 2
1000 =
= = = 500 J
2
. .
5.(b) 27 + 273 1
=
− = 4150 627 + 273

= 1.4, = 1.4 / /
or =
∴ 1.4 − = 4150
= 4150/0.4 = 10375 J kg K ⇒ = 27 atm
6.(d)
For adiabatic forces ∆ = −∆ [∵ ∆ = 0] = 27 × 1.07 × 10
⇒ ∆ = −(−50) = +50
= 27 × 10 Nm
7.(a)
13.(b)
As work done=0
In isothermal process, temperature of the gas
∆ = ∆ remains constant, so the gas obeys Boyle’s law.

= 100 × 10 × 4184 × (50 − 30) ⇒ =

=84 kJ
8.(a) 2
⇒ =
In curves and , pressure and volume both
increase. Therefore, temperature must rise and
∴ =2 …(i)
heat must be supplied/work is done. Therefore,
and cannot be required curves. Out of and ,
Now, the gas is expanded adiabatically, so
slope of is smaller. Therefore, is isothermal
curve and is adiabatic curve = constant
9.(c)
For monatomic gas, η = = 1.67 =
And for diatomic gas η = = 1.40
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⇒ = (since volume is restored) 22.(a)

.
Efficiency of all reversible cycles depends upon
8 temperature of source and sink which will be
⇒ log = γ log 2 different.
3
23.(a)
⇒ log 8 − log 3 = γ log 2
Efficiency η =
∴ γ = 1.41
14.(b) where, =sink temperature,
∆ = ∆ = 2 × 4.96 × (342 − 340) = 19.84 =source temperature.
15.(c)
As = ∴ = × = × 400 = 300 K For 100% efficiency, η = 1
16.(c)
Maximum value of efficiency ∴ =0

300 2 ⇒ Either = 0 K = 0 K
η = 1− = 1− =
500 5 24.(b)
Equation of an adiabatic process is
As η =
= ---(i)
2
= = × 1000 cal
5 Given, =

= 400 × 4.2 J = 1680 J = (constant)

As no engine can produce more than 1680 J, disigns ⇒ /
= ----(ii)
A and B are not possible.
17.(b) Comparing Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
Here, = 5, γ = , = 0℃, = 400℃
4
γ= = 1.33
= 3
7 25.(a)
−1
5
5 × 8.31 × (400 − 0)
= = 41550 J
7
−1
5
= 41.55 kJ
18.(d)
= constant ⇒ = constant
19.(a) Work done by the system
∆ = 0, for a complete cycle and for given cycle = area under − diagram
work done is negative, so from first law of = area of rectangle + area of ∆
thermodynamics will be negative, . . , < 0 2 × 10 × 2
= 4 × 10 × 2 +
20.(b) 2
In adiabatic process ∆ = −∆ . In compression = 10 × 10 J
∆ is negative, so ∆ is positive . . internal 26.(c)
energy increases As we know that slope of isothermal and adiabatic
21.(b) curves are always negative and slope of adiabatic
As work done in process = area under the curve, curve is always greater than that of isothermal
which increases continuously curve
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Hence in the given graph curve and represents 400

or = 6 × 10 1−
adiabatic and isothermal changes respectively 500
27.(c)
100
Work done ∆ = ∆ = 6 × 10 ×
500
At constant pressure = 1.2 × 10 J
29.(b)
∆ = − = ( − )
=1− for 100%, efficiency = 1 which gives
At constant temperature =0
30.(d)
∆ = In = In = 400 cal, = −105 J
= 105/4.2 cal = −25 cal ; =?
∴ ∆ = 1× × (2 − ) = = −
= 400 − (−25) = 425 cal
2 Note is negative because work is done on the
∆ =1× × 2 In =2 In 2
system
∆ = 1× ×( −2 )=− 31.(d)
Initial and final states are same an all the process
1
∆ =1× × In = In ( ) Hence, ∆ = 0 in each case
2 2

Net work done in the complete cycle is By ∆ =∆ =∆ = Area enclosed by curve

with volume axis
∆ =∆ +∆ +∆ +∆
∵ ( ) <( ) <( )
1
= +2 In 2 − + In ⇒ < <
2
32.(c)
=2 In 2 + In 1 − In 2 For cyclic process p-V curve is closed curve and
area enclosed by closed path represent the work
=2 In 2 − In 2
done.
= In 2 33.(d)
28.(b) Specific heat of an ideal gas does not depend upon
Using the relation temperature
34.(a)
− We know that blowing air (if sudden) is an
=
adiabatic process. But it is not given as sudden
process. Also, as the mouth is open, pressure inside
or =1− and outside is same. Thus, blowing air with open
mouth is isobaric process.
35.(b)
or =1− ∵ =
For adiabatic expansion, we have the formula

= constant …(i)
or = 1−
Gas equation is ,
(127 + 273)
∴ = 6 × 10 1− pV=RT
(227 + 273)

⇒ = …(ii)
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From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we obtain η = 1− = 1− = = 0.732 …(ii)

= constant From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get

η 0.423
⇒ = constant …(iii) = ≈ 0.577
η 0.732
But ∝ (given) 40.(b)
√
From =
/ .
as = constant …(iv)
= =1
1/20
Thus, using Eqs. (iii) and (iv) togther, we get = 66.28 atm
1 41.(a)
γ−1=
2 = constant ⇒ =
3
or γ= = 1.5 ⇒ =
2
.
1
⇒ = 1.5 ⇒ = 300 = 227.36
2
42.(d)
36.(a)
In case of gases whatever be the process
In adiabatic expansion, = 0,
∴ =− = −(−50 J) = 50 J ∆ = ∆
37.(a)
Work done during the complete cycle= area or ∆ = ∆ -------(i)
= × = ×
38.(c) =
=− , = 0 and =4
⇒ =− +0+4 =3 2 =
39.(a)
⇒ = ( − )
The efficiencyη of Carnot engine is defined as the
amount of work divided by the heat transferred
= ∆ ( − <∆ )
between the system and the hot reservoir.

Δ Substituting in Eq. (i)

η= =1−
Δ
∆ =
Where, and are temperatures of cold and hot (γ − 1)
junctions respectively. 43.a)
= 273 + 20 = 293 K, = 273 + 10 = 283 K
Ist case = 0℃ = 0 + 273 = 273K Coefficient of performance
283 283
= 200℃ = 200 + 273 = 473 K = = = = 28.3
− 293 − 283 10
∴ η =1− = = 0.4228 ≈ 0.423 …(i) 44.(c)
In isothermal process, exchange of energy takes
IInd case place between system and surrounding to maintain
the system temperature constant
= −200℃ = −200 + 273 = 73K

= 0℃ = 0 + 273 = 273 K
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45.(a)
= +

= +

4 4 4
= + , = + , = +

If the process takes place is vacuum then =0

4 4 4
= , = , =

If process is isothermal

∴ + =

∴ = +