THERMODYNAMICS

PRACTICE SET - 01
Instructions : Questions (5 to 8) consist of a problem followed by several alternative answers,
only one of which is correct. Mark the letter corresponding to the correct answer.
1. For a hypothetical system, consider these conditions
(i) heat transferred to the surrounding (ii) work done on the system
(iii) work done by the system.
State whether each of the following will increase or decrease the total energy content of the system
(A) decreases, increases, decreases (B) increases, increases, decreases
(C) decreases, increases, increases (D) decreases, decreases, increases
2. Warming ammonium chloride with sodium hydroxide in a test tube is an example of :
(A) closed system (B) isolated system (C) open system (D) none of these
3. A well stoppered thermos flask contains some ice cubes. This is an example of :
(A) closed system (B) open system
(C) isolated system (D) non-thermodynamic system
4. Which is the intensive property ?
(A) temperature (B) viscosity (C) density (D) all
5. An example of extensive property is :
(A) temperature (B) internal energy (C) viscosity (D) surface tension
6. Out of boiling point (I), entropy (II) , molecular weight (III) and emf of a cell (IV), intensive properties are :
(A) I, III, IV (B) I, II (C) I, II, III (D) All of these
7. Which one is not a state function ?
(A) internal energy (E) (B) volume (C) heat (D) enthalpy
8. Which one is a state function :-
(A) Heat capacity (B) Heat (C) Enthalpy (D) Work
9. A system is changed from state A to state B by one path and from B to A by another path. If U 1 and
U2 are the corresponding changes in internal energy, then :
(A) U1 + U2 = +ve (B) U1 + U2 = –ve (C) U1 + U2 = 0 (D) none
10. Internal energy change when system goes from state A to state B is 40 kJ/mol. If the system goes
from A to B by reversible path and returns to state A by irreversible path, what would be net change
in internal energy ?
(A) 40 kJ (B) > 40 kJ (C) < 40 kJ (D) zero
11. A system X undergoes following changes
The overall process may be called

X  W  Z  X

 PV
1 1T1   P2V2T1   P2V2T2   PV
1 1T1 

(A) reversible process (B) cyclic process

(C) cyclic as well as reversible (D) isochoric process

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 THERMODYNAMICS
12. For an adiabatic process which of the following relations is correct
(A) U = 0 (B) PV = 0 (C) q=0 (D) q = +W
13. The work done by a weightless piston in causing an expansion V (at constant temperature), when
the opposing pressure P is variable, is given by :

(A) W =   PdV (B) W = 0 (C) W = –PV (D) None

14. The work done by a system in an expansion against a constant external pressure is :
(A) P.  V (B) –P.  V (C) Q (D) V.  P
15. For reversible process which of the following is incorrect ?
(A) the surroundings are always in equilibrium during the system.
(B) this process is quasi-static
(C) In this process the driving force is very much larger than the opposing force.
(D) The process is very slow and takes infinite time.
16. Irreversible process which of the following is correct ?
(A) the surroundings are always in equilibrium with the system during the process.
(B) this process is quasi-static.
(C) In this process the driving force is infinitesimally smaller than the opposing force.
(D) The process is completed in countable number of step.
17. Calculate work done for the expansion of a substance from 3m3 to 5m3 against a constant external pressure
= 105 Pa
(A) –3 × 105 J (B) –5 × 105 J (C) –1 × 105 J (D) –2 × 105 J
18. Select the true statement
(A) A thermodynamic equilibrium is one when all the three thermal, mechanical and chemical
equilibrium are attained by the system.
(B) Ice in contact with water constitutes a homogeneous system.
(C) The state properties are those which depends on the path followed by a system in bringing a
particular change.
(D) Fusion and vapourisation are adiabatic process.
19. An isolated system is that system in which
(A) There is no exchange of energy with the surrounding
(B) There is exchange of mass and energy with surrounding
(C) There is no exchange of mass and energy with surrounding
(D) There is exchange of mass with surrounding

PRACTICE SET - 02
1. Both q & w are _ _ _ _ function & q + w is a _ _ _ _ function :-
(A) State, State (B) State, path (C) Path, state (D) Path, path

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THERMODYNAMICS
2. Internal energy change during a reversible isothermal expansion of an ideal gas is :-
(A) Always negative (B) Always positive
(C) Zero (D) May be positive or negative
3. For the reversible isothermal expansion of one mole of an ideal gas at 300 K, from a volume of 10 dm3
to 20 dm3, H is :-
(A) 0 KJ (B) 163.6 KJ (C) 3.46 KJ (D) 180KJ
4. For CaCO3(s)  CaO(s) + CO2(g) at 977°C, H = 174 KJ/mol ; then E is :-
(A) 160 KJ (B) 163.6 KJ (C) 186.4 KJ (D) 180 KJ
5. Heat of reaction for, CO(g) + ½O2(g)  CO2(g) at constant V is –67.71 Kcal at 17°C. The heat of
reaction at constant P at 17°C is :-
(A) –68.0 Kcal (B) +68.0 Kcal (C) –67.42 Kcal (D) None
6. The difference in H and E for the combustion of methane at 25°C for the reaction :-
(A) Zero (B) 2×298×(–2) Cal (C) 2×298×(–3) Cal (D) 2×25×(–3) Cal
7. The enthalpy of vaporization of water at 100°C is 40.63 KJmol–1. The value E for this process would be
:-
(A) 37.53 KJ mol–1 (B) 39.08 KJ mol–1 (C) 42.19 KJ mol–1 (D) 43.73 KJ mol–1
8. Which is true for the combustion of sucrose (C12H22O11) at 25°C:-
(A) H > E (B) H < E (C) H = E (D) None
9. For which change H  E :-

 2HI(g)
(A) H2(g) + I2(g)  (B) HCl() + NaOH()  NaCl(s) + H2O()

(C) C(s) + O2(g)  CO2(g) (D) N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2 NH3 (g)

10. If 50 calorie are added to a system and system does work of 30 calorie on surroundings, the change
in internal energy of system is :
(A) 20 cal (B) 50 cal (C) 40 cal (D) 30 cal
11. A gas expands against a constant external pressure of 2.00 atm, increasing its volume by 3.40 L.
Simultaneously, the system absorbs 400 J of heat from its surroundings. What is U , in joules, for this
gas?
(A) – 689 (B) – 289 (C) + 400 (D) + 289
12. Calculate change in internal energy of 2 mole of O2, when it’s state is changed from (255 K, 1 Atm) to (555
K, 2 Atm)
(A) 2 Kcal (B) 3 Kcal (C) 5 Kcal (D) 6 Kcal
13. Calculate change in internal energy of CH4 for two mole, if temperature change is 200 K in very high
temperature range.
(A) 1200 R (B) 2400 R (C) 3600 R (D) 4800 R

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 THERMODYNAMICS
14. A gas expands isothermally and reversibly, the work done by the gas is W rev. If the gas expands
isothermally and irreversibly the work done by the gas is W irr then

(A) Wirr  Wrev (B) Wirr  Wrev (C) Wirr  Wrev (D) can’t say

15. A gas compresses isothermally and reversibly, the work done by the gas is W rev. If the gas compressed
isothermally and irreversibly the work done by the gas is W irr then

(A) Wirr  Wrev (B) Wirr  Wrev (C) Wirr  Wrev (D) can’t say

16. The workdone in expanding 16 g oxygen at 300 K and occupying a volume of 5 dm 3 isothermally
and reversibly until the volume becomes 25 dm 3 is :
(A) –2.01 × 103 J (B) +2.81 × 103 J (C) –2.01 × 10–3 J (D) +2.01 ×10–6 J
17. One mole of an ideal gas at 300 K is expanded isothermally from an initial volume of 1 litre to 10 litre.
The U for this process is : [R = 2 cal K–1 mol –1 ]
(A) 163.7 cal (B) 1381.1 cal (C) 9 litre–atm (D) zero
18. The work done during the process when 1 mole of gas is allowed to expand freely into vaccum is
(A) 0 (B) +ve (C) –ve (D) Either of these
19. Molar heat capacitry of water in equilibrium with the ice at constant pressure is :
(A) zero (B) infinity (C) 40.45 k–1 mol–1 (D) None

20. Enthalpy change when 1 mole monoatomic ideal gas is heated to increase the temperature T equals
3 5
to (A) R T (B) R T (C) R T (D) 2R T
2 2

PRACTICE SET - 03
1. 1 mole of gas occupying 3 litre volume is expanded against a constant external pressure of 1 atm
to a volume of 15 litre. The work done in the process :
(A) –1.215 × 103 J (B) –12.15 × 103 J (C) –121.5 × 103 J (D) none
2. For isochoric process, the change in
(A) Volume of zero (B) Pressure of zero
(C) Internal energy is zero (D) None

1
3. When a certain mass of an ideal gas is adiabatically compressed so that its volume is reduced to
32
times. its absolute termperature is increased 4 times. The number of atoms in a molecule of the gas are
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 2 (D) 1
4. 10 litres of a monoatomic ideal gas at 0o C and 10 atm pressure is suddenly released to 1 atm pressure
and the gas expands adiabatically against this constant pressure. The final temperature and volume of the
gas respectively are.
(A) T = 174.9 K, V = 64.04 litres (B) T = 153 K, V = 57 litres
(C) T = 165.4 K, V = 78.8 litres (D) T = 161.2 K, V = 68.3 litres

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THERMODYNAMICS
5. Consider a classroom that is roughly 5m  10m  3m . Initially t  20o C and P = 1 atm. There are 50
people in an insulated class lossing energy to the room at the average rate of 150 watt per person. How long
can they remain in class if the body temperature is 37o C can person feels uncomfortable above this
temperature. Heat capacity of air = (7/2) R.
(A) 4.34 minutes (B) 5.73 minutes (C) 6.86 minutes (D) 7.79 minutes
6. The increase in internal energy of 1 kg of water at 100o C when it is converted into steam at the same
termperature and at 1 atm (100 k Pa) will be [The density of water and steam are 1000 kg/m3 & 0.6 kg/m3
respectively. The latent heat of vapourisation of water is 2.25  106 J / kg ].

(A) 2.08  106 J (B) 4  107 J (C) 3.27  108 J (D) 5  109 J
7. The internal energy of a monoatomic ideal gas is 1.5 nRT. 1 mole of helium is kept in cylinder of cros
section 8.5 cm2. The cylinder is closed by a light frictionless pistion. The gas is heated slowly in a process
by the pistion is [ Atmospheric pressure being 100 k Pa].
(A) 10 cm (B) 20 cm (C) 25 cm (D) 30 cm
8. Which of the following is true regarding reversible adiabatic expansion of ideal gas ?
(A) Plot of T vs V is straight line with slope equal to  .
(B) Plot of ln T vs lin V is a straight line with slop equal to  .
(C) Plot of ln T vs In V is a straight line with slope equal to  .
(D) Plot of ln T vs ln V is a straight line with slope (1   ) .
9. During the adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas against atomospheric pressure, the internal energy will .
(A) increase (B) decrease (C) stay the same (D) Inpossible to say
10. A piston is cleverly designed so that it extracts the maximum amout of work out of a chemical reaction, by
matching Pexternal to the Pint ernal at all times.This 8 cm diameter piston initially holds back 1 mol of gas
occupying 1 L, and comes to rest after being pushed out a further 2 L at 25o C . After exactly half of the work
has been done, the piston has travelled out a total of
(A) 10.0 cm (B) 11.2 cm (C) 14.5 cm (D) 20.0 cm
11. For a fixed amout of perfect gas, which of these statements must be true?
(A) E and H each depend only on T.
(B) CP is constant.
(C) P dV = nRdT for every infinite small process.
(D) Both (A) and (C) are ture.
12. An ideal gas undergoes a process in which its pressure and volume are related as P Vn = constant, where
n is a constant. The molar heat capacity for the gas in this process will be zero if
(A) n =  (B) n =  –1 (C) n =  + 1 (D) n = 1– 

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 THERMODYNAMICS
In the adjoining diagram, the P-V graph of an ideal gas is shown. Answer the following
question (16 to 20) from the graph.

13. Work done in taking the gas from the state A B
(A) 36 × 102 J (B) –36 × 102 J (C) 60× 102 J (D) –60× 102 J
14. Work done in taking the gas from B C
(A) zero (B) 1.5 ×102 J (C) 3.0 ×102 J (D) 3.0 ×10–2 J
15. Work done in a complete cycle (1 litre = 10 –3 m 3)
(A) 36 × 102 J (B) –36 × 102 J (C) 60× 102 J (D) –60× 102 J
16. Work done in reversible isothermal process is given by

V2 nR V1
(A) 2.303 nRT log V (B) (T  T1 ) (C) 2.303 nRT log V (D) None
1 (   1) 2 2

17. Work done in reversible adiabatic process is given by

V1 V2 nR
(A) 2.303 RT log V (B) None (C) 2.303 RT log V (D) (T  T1 )
2 1 (   1) 2

PRACTICE SET - 04
1. Entropy change of vaporisation at constant pressure is given by

Hv Ev Hv

(A) S(v )  (B) S(v )  (C) S(v )  (D) None
T T T

2. 1 mole of an ideal gas at 25o C is subjected to expand reversibly ten times of its intial volume. The change
in entropy of expansion is

(A) 19.15 JK 1 mol1 (B) 16.15KJ1 mol (C) 22.15 JK 1 mol (D) None

3. THe entropy chagne for the reaction given below is

2H2 (g)  O 2 (g)  2H2O(l)

is .... at 300 K. Standard entropies of H2 (g) . O2 (g) and H2O(l) are 126.6, 201.20 and 68.0 JK 1 mol1
respectively.

(A) 318.4 JK 1mol1 (B) 318.4 JK 1  mol1 (C) 31.84  JK 1mol1 (D) None

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THERMODYNAMICS
4. When one mole of an ideal gas is compressed to half its intial volume and sinultaneously heated to twice its
initial temperature, the change in entropy  S  is -

(A) Cv ln2 (B) CP ln 2 (C) Rln 2 (D)  Cv  R  ln2

o
5. At 25 C , which of the following substance has the highest molar entropy ?
(A) Al(s) (B) C6H6(l) (C) C2H6(g) (D) CH4(g)

6. Use the following data to calculate So for the reaction :

2NH3 (g)  N2 (g)  3H2 (g)

o
Compound S (J/mol-K)
H2(g) –98.74
N2(g) –114.99
NH3(g) –304.99

(A) 198.8 J/ K (B) 91.26 J/ K (C) 106.22 J/ K (D) 198.8 J/ K

7. The efficiency of the reversible heat engine is n and that of irreversible heat engine is n;. Which of the
following relation is correct?

(A) r  1 (B) r  1

(C) r  1 (D) 1 may be less than, greater than or equal to r , depending on the gas.

8. For which of the following process, S is negative?

(A) H2(g)  2H(g) (B) N2(g, 1atm)  N2(g, 8atm)
(C) 2SO3(g)  2SO2(g) + O2(g) (D) C (Diamond)  C (Graphite)

9. S will be highest for which of the following reaction?

1
(A) Ca(s) + O (g)  CaO(s) (B) CaCO3(s)  CaO(s) + CO2(g)
2 2
(C) C(s) + O2(g)  CO2(g) (D) N2(g) + O2(g)  2NO(g)
10. Entropy of universe decreases during
(A) crystallization of sucrose from unsaturated solution.
(B) rusting of iron.
(C) melting of ice at 0°C and 1 atm.
(D) vaporization of camphor above normal sublimation temperature and 1 atm

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 THERMODYNAMICS
11. An isolated system comprises of the liquid in equilibrium with vapours. At this stage, the molar entropy of
the vapour is
(A) less than that of liquid. (B) more than that of liquid.
(C) equal to zero. (D) equal to that of liquid.
12. When a substance is heated, its entropy increases. The increase will be maximum at
(A) 0°C (B) the melting point (C) the boiling point (D) 100°C
13. The change that does not increase entropy is
(A) evaporation of liquid (B) condensation (C) sublimation (D) melting of solid
14. Ammonium chloride when dissolved in water leads to cooling sensation. The dissolution of NH4Cl at
constant temperature is accompanied by
(A) increase in entropy. (B) decrease in entropy.
(C) no change in entropy. (D) no change in enthalpy.
15. Choose the substance which has higher possible entropy (per mole) at a given temperature.
(A) Solid carbon dioxide (B) Nitrogen gas at 1 atm.
(C) Nitrogen gas at 0.01 atm. (D) Nitrogen gas at 0.00001 atm.
16. When one mole of an ideal gas is compressed to half of its initial volume and simultaneously heated to
twice its temperature, the change in entropy is
(A) Cv,m In2 (B) Cp,m In2 (C) R ln2 (D) (Cv,m–R) In2
17. What is the entropy change when 3.6 g of liquid water is completely converted into vapours at 373 K? The
molar heat of vaporization is 40.85 kJ/mol.
(A) 219.0 J/K (B) 2.190 J/K (C) 21.90 J/K (D) 109.5 J/K
18. Oxygen gas weighing 64 g is expanded from 1 atm to 0.25 atm at 30°C. What is the entropy
change,assuming the gas to be ideal? (ln 4 = 1.4, R = 8.3 J/K-mol)
(A) 23.24 J/K (B) 34.86 J/K (C) 46.48 J/K (D) 11.62 J/K
19. One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas undergoes adiabatic free expansion from 2 to 20 dm³, 300 K. The
value of S for the gas is
(A) 0 (B) +R ln10 (C)-R ln10 (D) +1.5 R ln10
20. Given the following entropy values (in J / K-mol ) at 298 K and 1 atm H2(g) = 130.6 Cl2(g) = 223 and HCl(g)
= 186.7. The entropy change (in J / K-mol ) for the reaction H2(g) + Cl2(g)  2HCl(g) is
(A) +540.3 (B) +727.0 (C) –166.9 (D) +19.8

PRACTICE SET - 05
1. At equilibrium condition, the value of Gibbs free energy change, G is

(A) Equal to zero (B) Greater thatn one (C) Less than one (D) Equal to one

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THERMODYNAMICS

2. What is minimum temperature at which the process below will be spontaneous, given the H  85 kJ and
S0rn  198 J / K for the reaction N2F4 (g)  NF2 (g)

(A) T = 144 K (B) T = 298 K (C) T = 429.3 K (D) T = 2330 K

3. In which case, a spontaneous reaction is possible at any temperature
(A) H < 0, S > 0 (B) H < 0, S < 0
(C) H > 0, S > 0 (D) in none of the cases
4. In a chemical reaction H = 150 kJ and S = 100 JK–1 at 300 K. The G for the reaction is
(A) zero (B) 300 kJ (C) 330 kJ (D) 120 kJ
5. For reaction at 27 ºC enthalpy change (H) & entropy change (S) are –11.7 × 103 J mol -1 and – 100
J mol –1 K–1 respectively. The reaction is :
(A) spontaneous (B) non–spontaneous
(C) instantaneous (D) none
6. The temperature at which the reaction,
Ag2O(s) 2Ag(s) + 1/2 O 2(g)
is at equilibrium is ............... ; Given H = 30kJ mol –1 and S = 0.05 kJ K–1 mol –1
(A) 600 K (B) 362.12 K (C) 262.12 K (D) 562.12 K
7. The enthalpy and entropy change for a chemical reaction are –2.5 × 103 cal and 8 cal deg–1 respectively.
Predict that nature of reaction at 300 K is –
(A) spontaneous (B) reversible (C) irreversible (D) non–spontaneous
8. For the reaction :
2NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO2(g)
the enthalpy and entropy changes are –113.0 kJ mol–1 and –145 J K–1 mol–1 respectively. Find the
temperature above which the reaction is spontaneous
(A) 432.3 K (B) 570.5 K (C) 1035.7 K (D) 779.3 K
9. Which of the following statement(s) is incorrect ?
(A) The system of constant entropy and constant volume will attain the equilibrium in a state of minimum
energy
(B) the entropy of the universe is on the increase
(C) the process would be spontaneous when (S)E,V < 0, (E)S, V > 0
(D) the process would be spontaneous when (S)E,V > 0, (E)S, V < 0
10. For melting of ice at 27ºC the enthalpy of fusion is 6.97 kJ, mol–1, entropy of fusion is 25 J K–1 mol–1 and
free energy change is –0.6 kJ mol–1. Predict whether the melting of ice is
(A) non spontaneous (B) spontaneous (C) at equilibrium (D) not predicted

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 THERMODYNAMICS
11. The G in the process of melting of ice at –15°C and 1 atm, is
(A) less than zero. (B) greater than zero. (C) equal to zero. (D) None of these
12. For a system in equilibrium, G = 0 under conditions of constant
(A) temperature and pressure. (B) temperature and volume.
(C) pressure and volume. (D) energy and volume.
13. One mole of ice is converted into water at 273 K and 1 atm. The entropies of H2O(s) and H2O(l) are 38.0
and 58J / K - mol respectively. The enthalpy change for the conversion is
(A) 5460 kJ/mol (B) 5460 J/mol (C) –5460J / mol (D) 20 J/mol
14. The solubility of NaCl(s) in water at 298 K is about 6 moles per litre. Suppose you add 1 mole of NaCl(s)
to a litre of water. For the reaction: NaCl(s) + H2O  NaCl(aq)
(A) G > 0, S > 0 (B) G <0, S > 0 (C) G > 0, S < 0 (D) G < S < 0
15. The values of G are very important in metallurgy. The G values for the following reactions at 1000 K
are given as follows.
S2(s) + 2O2(g)  2SO2(g) G = –544kJ
2Zn(s) + S2(s)  2ZnS(s) G = –293kJ
2Zn(s) + O2(g)  2ZnO(s) G = –480kJ
The G for the reaction
2ZnS(s) + 3O2(g)  2ZnO(s) + 2SO2(g)
will be
(A) –357 kJ (B) –731 kJ (C) –773 kJ (D) –229 kJ
16. The following reaction is at equilibrium at 298 K



2NO (g. 0.00001 bar) + Cl2 (g, 0.01 bar) 
 2NOCI(g, 0.01 bar)
G for the reaction is
(A) -45.65 kJ (B) –28.53 kJ (C) –22.82 kJ (D) –57.06 kJ
17. What is the free energy change, G when 1.0 mole of water at 100 ºC and 1 atm pressure is converted
into steam at 100 ºC and 1 atm pressure?
(A) 540 cal (B) –9800cal (C) 9800 cal (D) 0 cal
18. The enthalpy and entropy change for a chemical reaction are –2500 cal and 7.4cal / K respectively. The
nature of reaction at 298 K is
(A) spontaneous (B) reversible (C) never occurring (D) non-spontaneous
19. A spontaneous reaction is impossible if
(A) both H and S are negative. (B) H and S are positive.
(C) H is negative and S is positive. (D) H is positive and S is negative.
0
20. For a reversible reaction, if G  0 the equilibrium constant of the reaction should be equal to
(A) zero (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 10

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THERMODYNAMICS

ANSWER KEYS
PRACTICE SET - 01
1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (C) 4. (D) 5. (B) 6. (A)
7. (C) 8. (C) 9. (C) 10. (D) 11. (B) 12. (C)
13. (A) 14. (B) 15. (C) 16. (D) 17. (D) 18. (A)

19. (C)

PRACTICE SET - 02
1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. (B) 5. (A) 6. (B)
7. (A) 8. (C) 9. (D) 10. (A ) 11. (B) 12. (B)
13. (D) 14. (A) 15. (C) 16. (A) 17. (D) 18. (A)

19. (B) 20. (B)

PRACTICE SET - 03
1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (C) 4. (A) 5. (C) 6. (A)
7. (B) 8. (D) 9. (B) 10. (C) 11. (D) 12. (A)
13. (D) 14. (A) 15. (B) 16. (C) 17. (D)

PRACTICE SET - 04
1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (A) 4. (B) 5. (C) 6. (D)
7. (B) 8. (B) 9. (B) 10. (A) 11. (B) 12. (C)
13. (B) 14. (A) 15. (D) 16. (B) 17. (C) 18. (A)
19. (B) 20. (D)

PRACTICE SET - 05
1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. (D) 5. (B) 6. (A)
7. (A) 8. (D) 9. (C) 10. (B) 11. (B) 12. (A)
13. (B) 14. (B) 15. (B) 16. (A) 17. (D) 18. (A)
19. (D) 20. (B)

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