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Demographics of India: UPSC Exam Preparation

Demographics refer to statistical data relating to population in a region. This covers various factors like population growth rate,
the percentage of different age groups within the population, the literacy rates, the sex ratio, urban-rural population ratios, etc. A
decent knowledge of this information will help in understanding the problems faced by the country. Social development and
demographics are important topics in the UPSC (https://byjus.com/ias/upsc-syllabus) civil services mains exam. It is also an
important part of economic development. These are important topics in GS papers II and III. This article gives you a few
statistical data that will aid you in your UPSC exam preparation.

Total population 1,342,934,169

World rank in population 2

Percentage of world population 17.86%

Population density 452 per sq. km

Growth rate 1.1%

Median age: Total Total: 27 years

Male: 27 years

Female: 28 years

Infant mortality rate 37.42 deaths per 1000 live births

Under – 5 mortality rate 47.59 deaths per 1000 live births

Life expectancy at birth Total: 68.5 years

Male: 67.3 years

Female: 69.8 years

Rural population 68.84%

Urban population 37.7%

Population of India by state (UTs not included)

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11/18/2019 Demographics of India UPSC Exam Preparation

  Most populated Population   Least populated Population

1 Uttar Pradesh 199,281,477 1 Sikkim 607,688

2 Maharashtra 112,372,972 2 Mizoram 1,091,014

3 Bihar 103,804,637 3 Arunachal Pradesh 1,382,611

4 West Bengal 91,347,736 4 Goa 1,457,723

 5 Madhya Pradesh 72,597,565 5 Nagaland 1,980,602
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Population density (persons per sq. km) by state (UTs not included)
  Highest Density   Least Density

1 Bihar 1102 1 Arunachal Pradesh 17

2  West Bengal 1029 2 Mizoram 52

3 Kerala 859 3 Sikkim 86

4 Uttar Pradesh 828 4 Nagaland 119

5  Haryana 573 5 Manipur 122

Literacy Rates in India

Total Literacy Rate: 74.04%
Male Literacy Rate: 82.14%
Female Literacy Rate: 65.46%

  Highest Rate (%)   Least Rate (%)

1 Kerala 93.91 1 Bihar 63.82

2 Lakshadweep 92.28 2 Telangana 66.5

3 Mizoram 91.58 3 Arunachal Pradesh 66.95

4 Tripura 87.75 4 Rajasthan 67.06

5 Goa 87.4 5 Andhra Pradesh 67.4

Fertility Rate in India (Number of children born per woman)

Total fertility rate: 2.2

  Top Three Rate   Bottom Three Rate

1 Sikkim 1.2 1 Bihar 3.4

2 Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1.5 2 Meghalaya 3

3 Punjab, Kerala, Chandigarh 1.6 3 Uttar Pradesh, Nagaland 2.7

Sex Ratio in India (not including UTs)

Total sex ration in India: 940
(940 females per 1000 males)

  Top Three Sex Ratio   Bottom Three Sex Ratio

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11/18/2019 Demographics of India UPSC Exam Preparation

1 Kerala 1084 1 Delhi 868

2 Tamil Nadu 996 2 Haryana 879

3 Andhra Pradesh 993 3 Jammu & Kashmir 889

4 Chhattisgarh 991 4 Sikkim 890

5 Meghalaya 989 5 Punjab 895

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Also Read:

Demography of India in detail (https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/upsc-syllabus-topic-of-the-day-demography)

Infant Mortality, Replacement Rate in Fertility (https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/infant-mortality-replacement-rate-fertility-rate)
Sex Ratio (https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/sex-ratio)

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