GENERIC ROOT FORM TECHNOLOGY

Most common root form design has separate abutment and

implant body

Over the years , 3 different surgical approaches have been

used for 2 piece implant system :
1. One stage
2. Two stage
3. Immediate restoration
1. One stage surgical approach : the implant body and
permucosal element above the soft tissue are both
placed until the bone maturation has occurred.

The abutment of the implant then replaces the

permucosal element without the need for a secondary
soft tissue surgery.
2. Two stage surgery: two stage surgical process places the
implant body below the soft tissue until the initial bone
healing has occurred .

IMPLANT BODY REGIONS

Implant body is divided into 3 parts :
1. Crest module
2. A body
3. An Apex
 Design features of implant body :
1. Round implant
2. Smooth walled cylinder or combination
3. Tapered cylinder
1. Round implant permits the round surgical drills to
prepare the bone .
2. Smooth walled cylinder or combination implants allows
the implant to be placed or tapped into the position .
3. Tapered cylinder implant fits into the top section of the
osteotomy before engagement of the bone for further
ease of placement.
Crest module
Crest module of implant body is designed to retain the
prosthetic component in a two piece implant system

The abutment connection area usually has a platform on

which the abutment is seated . the platform offers
physical retention to axial occlusal load .

An antirotation feature is also included on the platform

(external hex) or extends within the implant body .

Implant body has a design to transfer stress and strain to

the bone during occlusal loads .

Implant apex

Implant apex portion is often tapered to permit the ease

placement into the osteotomy .
An antirotational feature of an implant may be included
which has flat sides and grooves along the apical region
of implant body or an apical hole.

Implant components :
At the time of 2 stage implant body :
1. Stage 1- cover screw is placed on the top of implant
to prevent debris from invading the abutment
connection area during healing .
Stage 2 :
A second stage surgery is performed to expose the implant
and attach the transepithelial portion which is also known as
permucosal extension or healing abutment . it extends the
implant above the soft tissue and results in the development
of permucosal seal around the implant .

In case of one stage surgical procedure , the surgeon may have

placed permucosal extension at the time of placement or
have selected the implant body design with cervical collar of
sufficient height to be supragingival .
In this approach 2nd stage surgery is eliminated and soft tissue
heals at the sametime as the bone interface.

In case of immediate restoration , the abutment may be

inserted at the initial surgery and prosthesis delivered at the
same time. Hence, permucosal extension may noy be used at
all.
Prosthesis fabrication
Direct prosthetic option:
Abutment is placed on the implant body

Impression is made

Restoration is fabricated
Indirect
Two techniques are used to make a master impression &
each uses a transfer coping based on transfer technique
performed .
1. Indirect transfer coping
A transfer coping/ abutment transfer coping is used to
position an analog in an impression or cast

Transfer coping is screwed on to the abutment and remains

in the place when traditional closed tray impression is set and
removed from the mouth
The indirect transfer coping is removed from the implant
body in the mouth and connected to implant body analog and
reinserted into the close tray impression , hence the transfer
is indirect.
2. Direct transfer coping
An open tray impression tray is used to permit direct
access to the long central screw securing the direct
transfer coping .

After the impression material is set , the direct transfer

coping screw is unthreaded to allow the removal of
impression from the mouth. Coping will remain in the
impression . hence the transfer is direct.