TAJUK PROJEK

PAPAK

FAKULTI PENDIDIKAN

TEKNIKAL DAN VOKASIONAL

BBB 40503 LUKISAN STRUKTUR

PROJEK BERKUMPULAN

SEKSYEN 1

LECTURER NAME Ts. Dr. YEE MEI HEONG

STUDENT NAME MOHAMAD FAHMI BIN TALIB
(DB170164)
NOR AZZILA BINTI M ROZLAN
(DB170187)
HISHAMMUDIN BIN MOHD NASIR
(CB170078)
AMYRUL BIN NORDIN
(CB170072)
MUHAMMAD ILMAN BIN MOHD ISA
(CB170066)
MOHAMAD RIDZUAN BIN SAAID
(CB170035)
TARIKH HANTAR 24/12/2019
1.0 PENGENALAN

Pembinaan bagi sebuah klinik swasta dibawah kerjasama Syarikat Pajar Construction
telah dijalankan pada tarikh 2 September 2019. Pembinaan klinik swasta 2 tingkat ini
dilakukan di Lot Pt 2447, (HSD 10307), Mukim Kesang, Daerah Jasin, Melaka. Tujuan
projek ini dijalankan adalah untuk kemudahan awam bagi penduduk setempat untuk
mendapat rawatan kesihatan dengan cepat dan selamat. Oleh itu, disini kami lampirkan
butiran-butiran pengiraan bagi struktur papak yang telah dikira bagi menganalpasti bilangan
besi tetulang yang telah ditetapkan menepati piawaian dalam pembinaan tersebut. Selain itu,
pengiraan bagi anggaran bahan juga disertakan bagi mengetahui kesemua kos yang
diperlukan untuk pembinaan papak ini.

2.0 PENGIRAAN ANALISIS REKABENTUK STRUKTUR

A rectangular reinforced concrete slab is simply supported on two masonry walls 250 mm
thick and 4.0m apart ( clear distance ). The slab has to carry a distributed permanent action of
1.0 kN/m2 (excluding the slab self-weight) and a variable action of 3.0 kN/m2. The materials
to be used are grade C25 concrete and grade 500 reinforcement. The slab which is situated
inside a building and subjected to a 1 hour fire resistance is to be designed for 50 years design
life
 1125

5000
 CALCULATION OUTPUT

SPECIFICATION

Effective span, L = 5m

Characteristic Actions

Permanent, gk = 1.0 Kn/m

Variable, qk = 3.0 Kn/m

Design Life = 50 Years

Fire Resistance = 1 Hours

Table 4.1 Exposure classes = XC3

Materials

3.1.2(3) Characteristic strength of concrete, fck = 25

Characteristic strength of steel, fyk: = 500

Unit weight of reinforced concrete: = 25

Assumes Ø bar = 12mm

SLAB THICKNESS

Minimum thickness for fire resistance = 80 mm Table 5.8 EN 1992-1-2

Table 7.4N Estimated thickness considering deflection control, h = 195

h = L / concrete lightly stressed

= 500/26
 = 192 m

DURABILITY, FIRE & BOND REQUIREMENTS

Table 4.2 Min. cover with regard to bond, Cmin,b = 12 mm

Table 4.4N Min. cover with regard to durability, Cmin,dur = 25 mm

Table 5.8 EN 1992-1-2

4.4.1.2 Min. Required axis distance for 1.00 fire resistance

a = 25 mm

Min. Cover with regard to fire,

Cmin = a - Ø bar / 2

= 25 - (12/2)

= 19

Allowance in design for deviation, ꜬCdev = 10mm

4.4.1.3 Use :

Cnom
Nominal cover,

Cnom = Cmin + ꜬCdev

= 25 + 10

= 35 mm

REFERENCE CALCULATION OUTPUT

ACTION & ANALYSIS

Slab selfweight,

h × weight of reinforced concrete = 195 x 25 = 4875@ 4.9 Kn

Permanet Load (Excluding selfweight) = 1.0 Kn/m2

Characteristic permanent action, gk

Slab selfweight＋Permanet Load = 1.0 + 4.8 = 5.9 Kn/m

Table A1.2B :EN 1990

Characteristic variable action , qk

Design action, n d, 1.35gk ＋ 1.5 qk =(1.35 x 5.9) + (1.5 x 3)

= 12.46 Kn

Consider 1m width, w d = n d, × 1 = 12.46 Kn

Shear Force,

V= w d (L/2)

= 12.46 (500/2) = 31150 @ 31.15 Kn

Bending Moment,

M= (w d × L2 ) /8

= (12.46 x 50002) / 8

= 38.93 Kn/m2
 MAIN REINFORCEMENT

Effective depth,

d = h - Cnom - 0.5 Ø bar = 195 - 35 = 154

Design moment, MEd = 38.93

K = M/bd2fck

= 38.93/1125( 1.542 )(25)

= 0.058

= < Kbal = 0.167

Compression reinforcement is required / not required

z = d ( 0.5 ＋ 0.25  K / 1.134 )

= 1.54 ( 0.5 + 0.25  00.58 / 1.134

≤ 0.95d

AS = M / 0.87 fyk z

= 38.93 x 106/0.87(500)(0.95)(1.54)

Main bar : H12 - 175

= 611 = 646

CALCULATIONS

REFERENCE
 Secondary bar,

( 0.13 / bh ) / 100 Secondary bar :

(0.13/1125(195)) / 100 = 285 H12 - 300 = 377

Minimum and maximum reinforcement area,

9.2.1.1 AS,min = 0.25 ( fctm / fyk )bd

= 0.25 ( 2.6/500) (154)(1125)

= 225.24

AS,max = 0.04AC

= 0.04 (1125 x 195)

= 8775 mm2

SHEAR

Design shear force, Ved = 25.0kN

6.2.2 Design shear resistance,

VRd,c = 0.12k ( 100 ρ1 fck ) 1/3 × bd

k = 1 + (200/d)1/2 ≤ 2.0

= 1+ (200/154)1/2
 = 1.65

ρ1 = Asl / bd ≤ 0.02

=646/(1125x154)

= 0.0037

VRd,c = 0.12k ( 100 ρ1 fck ) 1/3 × bd

= 0.12(1.65)(100(0.0037)(25)1/3 x (1125x154)

= 105

Vmin = ( 0.035k3/2 fck 1/2 ) bd

= (0.035(1.65)3/2(25)1/2 (154)(1125)

= 170.244

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS
 7.4 DEFLECTION

Percentage of required tension reinforcement,

ρ = As, req / bd = 0.0035

= 611 / (1125)(154)

Reference reinforcement ratio,

ρ 0 = ( fck )1/2 x 10-3 = 0.005

= (25)1/2 x 10-3

Table 7.4N Factor for structural system, K = 1.3

ρ<ρ0 Use equation 1

l
= K ( 11 + 1.5 fck . ρ 0 /ρ + 3.2 fck (ρ 0 /ρ - 1)3/2 )
d

=K ( 11 + 1.5 25 ). ( 0.005 /0.0035) + 3.2 25 (0.005

/0.0035 - 1)3/2 )

= 31

Modification factor for span less than 7m

= 1.00
 Modification factor for steel area provided,

=As,prov / As,req ≤ 1.5

= 646/611 = 1.06 < 1.5

Therefore allowable span - effective depth ratio,

l
(l/d) allowable = x K x (As,prov / As,req )
d

= 31 x 1.3 x (646/611)

= 42.72

(l/d) actual = L / d < (l/d) allowable

= 5000/154 = 32.47

= 32.47 < 42.72

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

7.3.3 CRACKING

9.3.1 h = 195mm < 200 mm

Main bar :

Smax,slabs = 3h

= 3 (195) = 585 < 400

Max. Bar spacing = spacing of bar < Smax,slabs

 = 175 < 400

Secondary bar :

Smax,slabs = 3.5h

= 3.5 (195) = 683 < 450

Max. Bar spacing = spacing of bar < Smax,slabs

= 300 < 450

3.0 ANGGARAN BAHAN BINAAN

REFERENCE CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

ESTIMATING MATERIALS

Reinforcements,

Main bar ( H12 - 175 ) , Spacing 646mm2/m :

Actual Length - Cnom

1125 -70 = 1055 mm

1125mm

1055 / 175 = 6 bar

5000mm
Length of Ø bar x total Ø bar

4930 x 6 = 29580 mm

Pembaziran = 29580 x (6/100)

Total reinforcement bar
1774.8 :

Jumlah akhir panjang tetulang = 29580 + 1774.8 = 31354.8 mm Main bar ( H12 - 175 ) :

Bil. Tetulang = 31354.8 mm / 12000 = 2.6 m @ 3 batang tetulang 31354.8 mm

3 bar

Secondary bar ( H12 - 300 ), Spacing 337

 Actual Length - Cnom

5000 - 70 = 4930 mm

4930 / 300 = 16 bar

Secondary bar ( H12 -

300 )
Length of Ø bar x total Ø bar

1055 x 16 =16880 mm 17386.4 mm

2 bar

Pembaziran = 16880 x (3/100)

506.4 mm

Jumlah akhir panjang tetulang = 16880 + 506.4 = 17386.4 mm

Bil. Tetulang = 17386.4 / 12000 = 1.4 m @ 2 bar

OUTPUT
REFERENCE
CALCULATIONS
CONCRETE,

Isipaadu papak, bdh

1 m x 0.195 x 5 = 0.96 m3

Pembaziran = 0.96 m3 x ( 5/100 ) Pembaziran konkrit 5%

0.048 m3

Isipadu konkrit :

Jumlah akhir isipadu konkrit, 1.008 m3

0.96 m3 + 0.048 m3 = 1.008 m3

Nisbah Bancuhan ( 1:2:4)

Jumlah simen = (1 / 7 ) x 1.008 m3

0.144 m3

Kiraan dalam beg /kampit = 0.144 m3 x 28.25 bag

4.068 -> 5 bag / kampit

Jumlah pasir = ( 2/7 ) x 1.008 m3

0.288 m3
Jumlah batu = ( 4/7 ) x 1.008 m3

O.576 m3
4.0 KESIMPULAN

Papak merupakan elemen struktur yang mempunyai ukur dalam (h) yang kecil
berbanding lebar (b) dan panjang rentangnya (L). Papak konkrit berkelakuan sebagai
anggota lentur sepertimana rasuk dan rekabentuknya juga seakan-akan rekabentuk
rasuk, walaupun pada umumnya rekabentuk papak adalah lebih mudah. Oleh itu,
pembinaan papak mestilah memerlukan pengiraan yang betul bagi membina papak
yang mampu menanggung beban yang dikenakan ke atasnya.
5.0 LAMPIRAN
6.0 RUJUKAN

1. Haniza Mansor (2010), Rekabentuk Papak

2. PDF SLIDE (2015), Rekabentuk Papak

3. Salman Salim, Noor Khazanah A. Rahman (2017). Kejuruteraan Pembinaan.

Penerbit UTHM