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Boiler Interlock PDF
Boiler Interlock PDF
S K SAMANTA
cn=S K SAMANTA, c=IN,
o=NTPC LTD, ou=NTPCEOC,
email=sksamanta@ntpceoc.
co.in
CAT - I
2008.12.23 17:24:44 +05'30'
NTPC/ DADRI STPP- STAGE II - 2X490 MW,
BOILER AUXILIARIES INTERLOCKS & PROTECTION
GENERAL:
The steam generators supplied today are larger in size and sophisticated in nature. Failure of
any equipment calls for expensive replacement and results in costlier down time. This
emphasises careful planning on the correct procedure for;
1. Safe sequence of start-up of equipments in the power plant.
2. Continuous trouble free & efficient operation.
3. Safe sequence of shutdown of the equipment when needed.
This also leads to provision of adequate & reliable protection to safeguard the various plant
equipments under abnormal and dangerous conditions. The operation of the protections shall
be accompanied by visual and audible annunciation, which provide definite indication of the
primary cause or causes of operation of the protection. Restarting of the equipment, which has
once been tripped by protection either by remote, automatic or manual control shall be possible
only after the elimination of the cause of tripping.
b) FD fans:
If any one of the two running FD fans trip, the boiler load shall be run down to 60% MCR.
c) Mills, PA fans & Coal Feeders:
This reduces the boiler load correspondingly due to limitations in fuel firing capabilities.
d) Boiler Circulation Water Pump: As described in clause 13.0
e) The regulating dampers & VFD control will be on manual control during shutdown, and
impulse from furnace draft control to regulating dampers of ID fans disconnected.
f) Lube oil pumps of ID fans off
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BOILER AUXILIARIES INTERLOCKS & PROTECTION
ix. VFD system 'Channel 1 ready' or 'channel 2 ready’ signal available (one contact for each
channel)
x. VFD system 'Channel 1 start permissive' or 'Channel 2 start permissive’ available from VFD
system (one contact for each channel)
(b) The starting of ID fan 'A' shall be done in following sequence
i. VFD system channel 1 start command starts fan 'A' and runs up fan A to minimum speed.
ii. When fan 'A' reaches minimum speed, impulse for VFD channel 2 start is given by
operator. When ID fan 'A' is started (ID Fan B is off), impulses shall be given for:
iii. Opening the inlet gate and outlet gate of fan A
iv. Connecting the regulating dampers/VFD control of Fan A to auto control.
v. Closing the inlet gate and the outlet gate of ID fan B and bringing the regulating dampers
to minimum position.
vi. Permission to start either FD Fan A or FD Fan B.
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vi. Fault from VFD channel 1/channel 2. Here only the respective channel shall be issued stop
impulse.
vii. Suction or discharge damper fail to open after fan is started. (Damper operating time to be
considered.)
b) When ID fan A trips (ID fan B is off) impulses shall be given for:
i. Opening the outlet gate of ID fan B
ii. Opening the inlet gate of ID fan B.
iii. Disconnecting the impulse from auto control system (output from A/M station) to regulating
damper and VFD control.
iv. Opening the regulating damper of ID fan A to wide-open position.
v. Opening the regulating damper of ID fan B to wide-open position.
vi. Tripping the working FD fans.
vii. Boiler tripping - through FSSS
viii. To keep the inlet gate and outlet gate of ID fan A open
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BOILER AUXILIARIES INTERLOCKS & PROTECTION
a. Opening the inlet gate and outlet gate of fan B after the motor reaches the prescribed
speed.
b. Connecting the regulating damper and VFD control fan 'B' to auto control (release to
auto).
c. Permission to start other FD fan.
b) When ID Fan B trips (ID fan A is on & vice versa) impulses shall be given for:
i. Disconnecting the regulator from acting on the regulating damper and VFD control
ii. Bringing the regulating damper of Fan B to the minimum position and scoop position
iii. Closing the inlet gate of Fan B
iv. Closing the outlet gate of fan B
v. Tripping the FD fan B, provided FD fan A is on
vi. Reduce the boiler load to 60% MCR.
By Ranjan bhatia at 11:12 am, Dec 24, 2008
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BOILER AUXILIARIES INTERLOCKS & PROTECTION
1.10 General
a) Variable frequency drive
i. Individual start/stop push buttons shall be provided in UCB/CRT for each VFD channel.
ii. Source breakers of VFD system have to be closed from plant C system&I only if 'Source
breaker close permissive’ is available from VFD system.
iii. The signal interface drawing of VFD system supplier shall be referred to for preparation of
interlock schemes.
b) Fan outlet gate
− If one ID Fan started when the other ID Fan is off, the outlet gate of starting fan shall be
opened with starting of the fan to reduce the load of electrically operated gate.
− When starting the second fan (i.e. ID Fan A started when B is On or vice versa), the
respective outlet gate shall be opened after the fan reaches full speed.
b) When FD fan A is started (FD Fan B is off) impulses shall be given for:
i. Outlet damper of fan A to open after the motor reaches rated speed
ii. The outlet damper of FD fan B to close & impeller blades of fan B to be driven to minimum
position
iii. Connecting the impeller of Fan A control drive to auto control
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BOILER AUXILIARIES INTERLOCKS & PROTECTION
b) When FD Fan A trips (FD fan B is off) impulses shall be given for:
i. Disconnecting the impeller control drive from auto control system (output signal from A/M
station)
ii. Bringing the impeller of FD Fan A to the maximum position
iii. Bringing the impeller of FD fan B to the maximum position
iv. Opening the outlet damper of FD fan B
v. To open the emergency scanner air damper
vi. Boiler tripping
vii. The outlet damper of FD fan A shall remain open
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BOILER AUXILIARIES INTERLOCKS & PROTECTION
b) When FD fan B is started (FD fan A is on) impulses shall be given for:
i. Opening the outlet damper of FD fan B after the motor reaches rated speed
ii. Connecting the impeller control drive of FD fan B to auto control
b) When FD fan B trips (FD fan A is on), impulses shall be given for:
i. Disconnecting regulating impulse from acting on impeller control drive of fan B
ii. Bringing impeller of fan B to the minimum position
iii. Closing the outlet damper of fan B
iv. Reduce boiler load to 60% MCR.
v. Tripping coal elevation in service more than four through FSSS
2.9 Tripping of FD fan A (FD fan B is on):
Interlocks similar to those at clause 2.8 shall hold good for this condition.
2.10 GENERAL
i. If one FD Fan is started when the other FD Fan is off, the outlet gate of starting fan shall be
opened with starting of the fan to reduce the load of electrically operated gate.
ii. When starting the second fan (i.e. FD Fan A started when FD Fan B is on or viceversa), the
respective outlet gate shall be opened after the fan reaches full speed.
3.0 PA FAN INTERLOCKS : By Ranjan bhatia at 11:12 am, Dec 24, 2008
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b) When PA fan B trips (PA fan A is on), impulses shall be given for:
i. Disconnecting the regulating vanes of PA fan B from auto control
ii. Bringing the regulating vanes of PA fan B to minimum position
iii. Closing the outlet damper of PA fan B
iv. Energisation of partial load relay ( load to be limited to 60%).
3.10 Both the PA fans shall trip simultaneously when any boiler trip condition is present
(impulses from FSSS).
3.11 GENERAL
iii. If one PA Fan is started when the other PA Fan is off, the outlet gate of starting fan shall be
opened with starting of the fan to reduce the load of electrically operated gate.
iv. When starting the second fan (i.e. PA Fan A started when PA Fan B is on or viceversa), the
respective outlet gate shall be opened after the fan reaches full speed.
b) The inlet dampers and the outlet dampers in the gas path, secondary air path, primary air
path are in full open conditions.
a) SAH A electric main motor is started if the sump oil temperature of the bearings measured
through RTD is less than 70 Deg. C.
b) Whenever SAH A electric motor trips impulses shall be given for starting SAH A air motor
by de-energising the solenoid provided the sump oil temperature of support/guide bearing
of SAH A is less than 70 deg. C.
c) Impulse shall be given for closing of the inlet and outlet dampers of SAH B which is off
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BOILER AUXILIARIES INTERLOCKS & PROTECTION
(a) Whenever the sump oil temperature of support/guide bearing is greater than 70 deg. C an
alarm shall be initiated through RTD to alert the operator. The operator shall check the
circulation pump operation and the coolant flow at local to bring down the sump oil
temperature. In case if the temperature of sump oil is unable to be brought down SAH
electric motor/air motor shall be tripped manually.
(b) Whenever rotor stoppage alarm initiates intermittent alarm through rotor stoppage alarm
box, thereby alerting the operator about rotor slowing down, the operator shall physically
verify and try to rectify the condition.
(c) Air motor shall trip automatically when SAH A electric motor starts.
Notes:
i. Trip signal of SAH is to be taken from condition electric motors tripped and air pressure for
air motor low, through pressure switch located at air motor inlet.
ii. When both electric motor & air motor are tripped, an alarm shall be initiated & the isolation
dampers on primary air, secondary air & flue gas paths are to be opened automatically.
iii. When SAH A trips, the boiler will trip through FSSS.
4.6 Both SAHs are working when SAH A trips & SAH B continues to run:
The gas inlet damper, the secondary air outlet damper of the tripped AH shall be automatically
closed. The gas outlet damper, the secondary air inlet damper of the tripped AH need not be
closed. However, if the operator wants to manually close these dampers they can be closed.
Boiler load shall be reduced to 60% MCR.
4.7 Both SAHs are working when SAH B trips & SAH A continues to run:
The interlocks said above under clause 4.6 are applicable here.
4.9 Interlocks for PAH is similar to SAH as indicated in 4.1 to 4.7 except 4.3 iii & 4.8
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SOFT COPY OF DOCUMENT
AVAILABLE ON WEB DADRI
By Ranjan bhatia at 11:12 am, Dec 24, 2008
Sr. Manager (FES)
NTPC/ DADRI STPP- STAGE II - 2X490 MW,
BOILER AUXILIARIES INTERLOCKS & PROTECTION
4.10 Interlocks for oil Circulation Pumps of support bearing (applicable for both PAHs & SAHs):
2 x 100% oil circulation pump have been provided for the support bearing. Anyone of the two
oil circulation pumps can be pre-selected as main pump and the other as standby. Following
interlocks shall be provided for oil circulation pumps.
a) Whenever the sump oil temperature of support bearing of air heater is high (40 deg.C)
impulse shall be given to start the main oil circulation pump
b) The standby oil circulation pump shall start when the main oil circulation pump fails to start
or trips (This is applicable where 2x100% oil circulation pumps are provided)
c) The main oil circulation pump/stand-by oil circulation pump shall trip when the temperature
of the support bearing falls below a preset value (40 deg. C).
d) If the flow switch does not actuate within a reasonable time after starting of main pump or
stand by pump an alarm is initiated in UCB for 'No flow’. This alarm may be bypassed when
the temperature of oil is lower than the set value and pumps are not running.
e) Manual operation of the lube oil pumps shall be prohibited when the ambient temperature is
too low, since viscosity of the oil will be high so that the pump couldn't be started.
4.11 Interlocks for oil circulation pumps of guide bearing: (Applicable for both PAHs and SAHs)
2 x 100% oil circulation pumps have been provided for guide bearing. Anyone of the two oil
circulation pumps can be pre-selected as main pump and the other as standby. The interlocks
for these pumps shall be similar to those for support bearing as envisaged in clause 4.10. The
set point for starting the lube oil pump of the guide bearing is 40 deg.C
5.0 BLOW DOWN VALVE:
a) When drum water level rises to 125mm above normal water level (contact generated from
drum level transmitter) an annunciation 'Drum level high shall be given in UCB.
b) When drum level rises to 125mm above normal water level, blow down valves shall open
and this condition shall be annunciated. (Contact shall be derived from level transmitter)
c) Blow down valves shall close automatically when the water level falls down to NWL. One
interlock switch shall be provided for both the valves for manual operation.
a) Pump A will start automatically if pump B trips provided A/M switch is in auto position
b) Pump A will start automatically with a time delay of 0-60 seconds if lube oil pressure falls
below a set value and the pump B is working provided A/M switch is in auto position.
c) Pump B will start automatically if pump A trips/has not started provided A/M switch is in
auto position.
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d) Pump B will start automatically with a time delay of 0-60 seconds if lube oil pressure falls
below a set value and the pump A is working provided A/M switch is in auto position.
e) Pump A or pump B can be started/tripped by pressing the respective push button provided
on local pushbutton box only when A/M switch is in manual position.
f) FD fan A shall be prohibited from starting until the lube oil pressure is adequate.
g) When the fan is running, both lube oil pumps A & B shall not be permitted to stop
simultaneously.
a) Pump A will start automatically if pump B trips provided A/M switch is in auto position
b) Pump A will start automatically with a time delay of 0-60 seconds if oil pressure falls below
a set value and the pump B is working provided A/M switch is in auto position.
c) Pump B will start automatically if pump A trips/has not started provided A/M switch is in
auto position.
d) Pump B will start automatically with a time delay of 0-60 seconds if lube oil pressure falls
below a set value and the pump A is working provided A/M switch in auto position.
e) Pump A or pump B can be started/tripped by pressing the respective push button provided
on Local pushbutton box when A/M switch is in manual position.
f) ID fan A shall be prohibited from starting until the lube oil pressure is adequate.
a) Pump A will start automatically if pump B trips provided A/M switch is in auto position
b) Pump A will start automatically with a time delay of 0-60 seconds if oil pressure falls below
a set value and the pump B is working provided A/M switch is in auto position.
c) Pump B will start automatically if pump A trips/has not started provided A/M switch is in
auto position.
d) Pump B will start automatically with a time delay of 0-60 seconds if lube oil pressure falls
below a set value and the pump A is working provided A/M switch in auto position.
e) Pump A or pump B can be started/tripped by pressing the respective push button provided
on Local pushbutton box when A/M switch is in manual position.
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BOILER AUXILIARIES INTERLOCKS & PROTECTION
f) PA fan A shall be prohibited from starting until the lube oil pressure is adequate.
Note:
Wherever AM stations are not envisaged the same can be implemented through DDCMIS.
10.1 Interlock and protection write-up for DDI gate/Biplane dampers with motor operated
blowers/pneumatically operated knife edge isolation gate:
10.1.1 Guillotine Gate (ID Fan outlet & AH gas inlet) with 2 x 100% motor operated blower with
pneumatically operated knife-edge isolation gate:
a) Gate will close and open according to BHA interlock and protection.
b) One of the Blowers shall be continuously working irrespective of whether the gate is in
close or open position, when boiler is working. The pneumatically operated knife-edge gate
shall be commanded to open and shall remain open so long as the blower is working.
c) One of the blower motors for ID fan outlet gate shall be started simultaneously with ID fan.
d) Blower shall be continuously working irrespective of whether one of the ID fan is in
operation or not.
e) When the operating blower trips, the standby blower shall be started. An A/M switch shall
be provided to enable auto start of standby blower when the A/M switch is in auto position.
When A/M switch is in manual position, the blower start/stop operation can be done by
push button commands.
f) If the blower trips due to overload, it shall be annunciated.
10.1.2 Interlocks for Guillotine Gate without blowers but with manual isolation:(EP inlet/outlet &
ID Fan inlet):
Valve has to be kept open irrespective of the position of the gate.
10.1.3 Interlock for Biplane damper with 2 x 100% blower with pneumatically operated knife-
edge gate: (PAH outlet (air side) & SAH outlet (air side)):
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b) One of the blowers shall start & run when Biplane damper is commanded to close & remain
in close position. The pneumatically operated knife-edge gate shall be commanded to open
and shall remain open so long as the blower is working.
c) The blower shall stop and the pneumatically operated knife-edge gate shall close once
Biplane damper is fully open.
d) When any one of the operating blower trips, the selected standby blower shall be started.
An A/M switch shall be provided to enable auto start of standby blower when the A/M switch
is in auto position. When A/M switch is in manual position, the blower start/stop operation
can be done by push button commands.
e) If the blower trips due to overload, it shall be annunciated.
10.1.4.2 Sealing System for Guillotine gate at SAH Inlet ( Refer Fig-2)
Guillotine Gate(SAH Inlet) is provided with 2 x 100% motor operated blower with
pneumatically operated knife edge isolation gate:
a) One of the Blowers shall be continuously working irrespective of whether the gate is in
close or open position, when boiler is working. The pneumatically operated knife-edge gate
shall be commanded to open and shall remain open so long as the blower is working.
b) One of the blowers motor ‘M1’ or ‘M2’ for Guillotine Gate (SAH Inlet) ‘G1’ shall be started
simultaneously SAH-A or SAH-B.
c) Blower shall be continuously working irrespective of whether one of the SAH is in operation
or not.
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d) When the operating blower trips, the standby blower shall be started. An A/M switch shall
be provided to enable auto start of standby blower when the A/M switch is in auto position.
When A/M switch is in manual position, the blower start/stop operation can be done by
push button commands.
f) If the blower trips due to overload, or Blower outlet pressure dips (sensed by PS) it shall be
annunciated.
10.2 Interlocks for motor operated valves with Bypass valves:
a) First open the bypass valve fully
b) After main valve is fully opened, bypass valve may or may not be closed.
c) Main valve can be closed wherever required. The bypass valve, if not already closed, can
be closed when main valve is commanded to close.
11.1 Gate valves 100mm and above in 1500 CL and above ratings:
Valve closing:
Actuator motor tripping shall be done by limit switch. Torque switch shall be used in the
control circuit as a back up.
Valve opening:
Actuator motor tripping shall be done by limit switch. Torque switch shall be used in the
control circuit as a back up.
Valve Opening:
Actuator motor tripping shall be done by limit switch. Torque switch shall be used as
a backup in the control circuit.
a) When Boiler is working and if By Ranjan bhatia at 11:12 am, Dec 24, 2008
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Please refer table below for more details regarding the operation of boiler circulating water
pumps:
TABLE – A:
No. Of Unit Load allowed for different DP (psi) across circulating water
pumps in pump
operation MCR 60% MCR MFT
3 pumps a. Each>18psi a. Each>10psi a. Each<10psi
b. Two>18psi and b. Two>10psi and
One <18psi One <10psi
c. One >10psi and
Two <10psi
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NB: * 5 secs delay for starting the standby pump before resorting to automatic action for
rundown or MFT as applicable.
The above table is based on the following concept:
• Unit load of 100 % MCR shall be allowed only if two BCWPs generate DP > 18 psi
• When at least one BCWP pump generates DP > 10 psi, unit load of 60 % MCR shall
be permitted.
• When all pumps generate DP < 10 psi, boiler shall be tripped.
Vent valves HAN 11 AA201, HAN 11 AA 202, HAN 14 AA 201 and HAN 14 AA 202 shall be
closed before starting the boiler circulating water pump.
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temperature immediately. An instantaneous alarm signal must be activated if the motor cavity
temperature exceeds 63°C.
Item
Quantity Location
No. Description
Start-run-stop switch for pump motor and
A1 3 associated lights (on-off) from motor UCB
breaker
A2 3 Ammeter for pump motor current UCB / DDCMIS
Annunciator /
A3 3 Motor cavity temp. high alarm
DDCMIS
Motor control
A4 3 Motor cavity temp. high trip
cabinet / DDCMIS
Pump casing & suction manifold temp.
A5 3 differential indication (thermocouples by UCB / DDCMIS
BHEL)
Pump motor breaker closed signal to C1 Motor control
A6 3
and C2 cabinet / DDCMIS
A7 3 Motor cavity temperature trend recorder UCB / DDCMIS
A8 i Low flow alarm for cooling water to pump
3 motor cooler Annunciator /
DDCMIS
A8 ii 3 Low flow alarm for Heat Barrier
Motor control
A9 3 Motor overload/ground fault trip
cabinet
Annunciator /
A10 3 Purge filter DP high alarm
DDCMIS
Discharge valve stem position pairs lights
B 3 pairs UCB / DDCMIS
(open contact by BHEL)
Low differential alarm and load limit signal Annunciator /
C1 1
for less than two pumps operating DDCMIS
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13.5 Alarm and trip settings for Boiler Circulation Pump Instrumentation
Item
No. Pump Operation Control Instruments
A3
Motor cavity temperature high alarm Y =63°C*
A4 Motor cavity temperature high pump trip X = 66°C after 5 sec. time delay
A5 Pump casing/suction manifold temperature differential: +/- 50°C max.
A7
Motor cavity minimum starting temperature Z = 2.0°C
A8 i Low pressure cooling water to Heat Exchanger low flow alarm 6.3 m3/hr
A8 ii Low pressure cooling water to Heat Barrier- low flow alarm 1.26 m3/hr
A10 Purge filter pressure drop alarm = 25 psi Unit Operational Controls
Pump differential pressure alarm and load limit signal with any two pumps
C1
less than H = 18 psi* or any two motor breakers open. Refer Table-A.
Pump differential pressure fuel trip with all three pumps less than L = 10
C2 psi or all three motor breakers open (5sec. time delay for transient
pressure fluctuations and emergency bus transfer). Refer Table-A.
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By Ranjan bhatia at 11:13 am, Dec 24, 2008