Jar & Jar Placement

Drilling Instructor
UTC
 Definition of Jarring
z Jarring is the process of transferring stored
energy (drill pipe stretch) in the drillstring to
kinetic energy by releasing the detent in the Jar
at a given overpull value.
z When the jar trips the energy is released
providing sudden impact.

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 Types of Jars
There are three basic types of jars
• mechanical
• Hydraulic
• Hydro-Mechanical

These terms refer to the method of tripping the

jar.
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 Hydraulic Jarring Operations
• Hydraulic jars work by using a hydraulic fluid
cushion to delay the tripping of the jar until the
desired pull/stretch in the string is achieved.
• The time delay is provided by hydraulic fluid
being forced through small jets slowing
movement of the mandrel.
• When the inner mandrel enters the large bore
area, the oil is rapidly dumped allowing the jar
to fire.
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 HYDRAULIC JARS
Operating Principles
Large Bore Area Pressure Housing

Hydraulic
Fluid Pressure
Piston

Inner
Mandrel

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 HYDRAULIC JARS
Operating Principles
Large Bore Area Pressure Housing

Pressure
Piston

Inner
Mandrel

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 HYDRAULIC JARS
Applications
z Vertical and Directional Wells with Elevated Torque
and Drag

z Horizontal/Extended Reach Wells

z Lower Tool when using Tandem Jars

z With Limited Overpull Capability

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 HYDRAULIC DRILLING JARS
Advantages

z Variable Tripping Loads

z Unaffected by Torque
z Protected Seals & Impact Shoulders
z Consistent Time Delay

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 HYDRAULIC DRILLING JARS
Disadvantages

z Heat Energy Affects:

– Viscosity of the Fluid
– Decreases the Overpull Limits
– Seal Failures

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 Mechanical Jarring Operations
• Mechanical jars work by using a series of
springs, lock and release mechanisms.
• Mechanical jar trips down at a pre-selected
compressional force and up at a pre-selected
tensile force.

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 Down Adjusting sleeve
MECHANICAL JARS
Operating Principles Tubular Spring Free

Mandrel

Trip Sleeve

Friction Sleeve & Outer Housing

Up Adjusting sleeve

11 UTC Trip Mechanism Cocked

 MECHANICAL JARS
Up to surface
Operating Principles
Cocked

Down to stuck pipe

Loaded in up stroke

Tripped up and stroked

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 MECHANICAL DRILLING JARS
Applications
z Vertical Wells

z Directional Wells with Less Than 30º Hole

Angle

z Upper Tool When Using Tandem Jars

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 MECHANICAL DRILLING JARS
Advantages

z Time & Field Proven

z Straight Push / Pull

z Trips Both Up & Down

z Fast Recocking

z Cost

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 MECHANICAL DRILLING JARS
Disadvantages

z Limited Overpull
z Affected by Drilling Torque
z Not Suitable for Horizontal or Extended Reach Wells Greater
than 30º Hole Angle

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Jar Placement- Vertical Hole or less than 30°

Additional hevi-weight drill pipe - A

computer jar placement program is
‘required’ to determine optimum number

Drilling Jars in tension

Hevi-weight below jars-

approximately 20,000 Lbs.

Sufficient drill collar weight to drill with

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 Forces Required to Fire Jars

All jars have a firing force envelope for each direction they fire in:

The firing force envelope consists of two forces:

• One to cock the jar.
• One to fire the jar.
A dual acting jar has two force envelopes:
• One for down jarring.
• One for up jarring.

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 Pump Open Force
POF (lbs) = Area (in2) X Diff. Pressure (psi)
Pressure zPressure differential between the drill pipe ID
Differential
pressure at jar and the annulus at the jar will tend to pump
can be
approximated open the jar. In normal drilling, this will not
by using the
calculated bit have effect on either the WOB or the jar itself.
pressure drop.
zIf the jar is in tension while drilling, the pump
Area
open force will only tend to keep the jar
extended.

zIf the jar is in compression, the pump open

force will tend to reduce the weight on the jar
but will have no effect on the jar travel until all
Force
the weight has been lifted from the jar.
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 Pump-Open Force

Assist firing the jar up Oppose cocking the

jar after firing up

Assist cocking the jar

after firing down Oppose firing
the jar down

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 Pump Open Force
Hydraulic Drilling Jars
Pump pressure effects cocking and down jarring.
Reduce pump to idle before attempting to cock up or jar down.
130,000
120,000
9 1/2” OD
110,000
Pump Open force (lbs.)

100,000
8” OD &
90,000 7 3/4 OD
80,000
70,000
60,000 6 1/2” OD
50,000 6 1/4” OD
40,000 4 3/4” OD
30,000 Big Bore

20,000 4 3/4” OD
Standard
10,000
0
500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000
Differential Pressure (psi)
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Calculating Trip Load- Mechanical Jar
In Tension

Down Jar Blow 6-1/4 Jar w/0 PSI

Last recorded slack-off weight 230,000 Lbs
Minus BHA weight below jar - 20,000 Lbs
Minus down jar trip load - 40,000 Lbs
Minus pump open force - 0 Lbs
Weight on Indicator to trip jar =170,000 Lbs

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Calculating Trip Load- Mechanical Jar
In Tension

Up-Jar Blow 6-1/4 Jar W/1800 PSI

Last recorded pick-up wt. 330,000 Lbs
Minus BHA Wt. below jar - 20,000 Lbs
Plus up jar trip load setting + 80,000 Lbs
Minus pump open force - 20,000 Lbs
Weight on indicator to trip jar = 370,000 Lbs

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 Successful Use of Jars

Reasons a jar may fail to fire:

• Incorrect weight applied, calculations incorrect.

• Pump open force exceeds compression force to fire jar down.

• Stuck above the jar.

• Jar mechanism failed.

• Jar not cocked.

• Drag does not allow sufficient force to be applied to fire jar (usually mechanical jars).

• Well path prevents compression being applied to down jar action.

• Jar has fired but unable to detect at surface.

• Right hand torque is trapped in torque set mechanical jars.

• Not waiting long enough for jar to fire.

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Directional Hole - > 30°
Drill Collars in Vertical Section

Hevi-weight in curve

Hydraulic or Mechanical Drilling Jars ?

Drill Pipe above Mud

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Motor and Bit in
Horizontal Section
Directional Hole - > 30°
Hevi weight/DC in Vertical
Section

Mechanical Jar

Hevi-weight in curve

25 UTC Hydraulic Jar

 Successful Use of Jars
• Applying the most appropriate jarring action
quickly is key to freeing stuck pipe
• The calculations are uncomplicated, but in the heat
of the problem, small calculations can appear complex
• Determine before hand the push/pull required to fire
the jars in either direction
• Jarring should start in the opposite direction to that
which got the string stuck

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 Rules of Thumb for Drilling Jars
• Avoid placing the jars below stabilizers, reamers, key
seat wipers or other tools with a larger O.D.
•Place the jar at least two drill collar lengths above the top
stabilizer
•Avoid placing jars and / or accelerator type tools in the
neutral position
• Leave 3 to 5 feet of kelly above bushings to provide slack
off length to cock the jar
• Maintain jar fully in tension or compression
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 Rules of Thumb for Drilling Jars
• Avoid using jars as cross over point: DC to jar to HWDP
• Run slowly through tight spots to avoid triggering
•Replace mandrel clamps “if provided” anytime a jar is
above the rotary table
•As a safety precaution do not stand the jar in the rack
with drill collars above it. The jar should be the top joint.
•When two drilling jars are required in a BHA, it is
recommended that the jars have a minimum of 1,000 feet
between them.
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 Jarring Operations

• How long to jar? 4-5 hours w/no progress

• Got stuck coming up? Jar down
• Got stuck going down? Jar up
• Differentially stuck? Little effect

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Accelerator-Booster-Intensifier-Slinger
Applications

z Allows optimum jar placement

z Accelerates the BHA mass, Stores Energy through the
Compression of a Fluid Column to Enhance Jar
Operation
z Protects the drill string and surface equipment
z Compensates for drag in high angle holes
z Compensates for insufficient stretch in shallow holes
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Accelerator-Booster-Intensifier-Slinger
Applications

z Vertical and Directional Wells

z Horizontal Wells
z Very Deep Wells
z Very Shallow Wells
z Any Time Higher Impact Forces required

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 JAR PLACEMENT& NEUTRAL POINT CALCULATION
You are required to design an holding rotary assembly using the
following components:

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