CHAPTER 1

Elements or Parts of Reseacrch Paper

Thesis or Dissertation Papers

Basic / General paper

Preliminaries

Body of the thesis

References

(Very generic because there are sub parts)

Preliminaries Parts

1. Title Page
2. Approval Sheets
3. Acknowledgements
4. Abstract
5. Table of Contents
6. List of Tables
7. List of Figures
8. List of Appendices

In browsing a completed research papers those are present on the Preliminaries

A> Title Page

- Present your Title
- Degree we are pursuing
- School were we are connected
- Name, year supposed to
- In partial fulfilment

B. Approval Sheet

Page where recommendation with an adviser

We cannot depend our paper without the approval of the adviser

Give Adviser time to read

Need time to comprehend the paper

Not do the paper alone

 Asks panel in case

Panel members:

Chairman and Members of the Depense

-People- and direct contribution

Never forget the Lord and the Dean, Adviser, Panel Members, Family (acknowledgement is a free style form)

C. Abstract (must be 130 words)

Other Journal Management would recommend up to 200 words

LCUP Is ffg. format which is a one paragraph format for Abstract

1. Objective of the study

2. Methodology Employed
3. Findings
4. Conclusion

Read 45 Research and 5 Gray Literature

D. Table of Contents

With corresponding Pagination number that guide to the page

C. List of tables, lists and Appendices (Lahat nakasummarize ditto, includes IV and DV, appendices, provision letter,
ethical ask permission to the head of the institution so it can be appended to the institution)

CONTENTS OF PRELIMINARIES

When to have preliminaries? It depends to availability dapat may title page.. Approval sheets sa depense.. at mga
kailangan na figures, titles and tables.. final depended need approval sheets

Abstract hindi pwede magawa kung walang findings and conclusion at hindi pwede buuin depende sa nature ng paper
kung proposal o final depense

BODY OF THE PAPER

CHAPTER 1 the Problems and Its Background

Every institutions has its own format so we have to adapt the format of the University
1st part: Introduction .. careful presentation of the importance and validity of the problem. It is like presenting the birds
eyeview

Systematic and orderly information:

Approach to be systematic which is entitled TIOC approach

T is for Trends- Napapanahon, uso, sikat, updated, famous, timely, latest… when download a literature it should be
trending, updatedness of Literature must not be more than 5 years old. Read Literature 2014 and above…

Come up with two paragraphs about IV and DV with citations for presenting the Trends…. Dapat may Trends yan na yun.
Dapat I highlight ano yun Trends with citations. Sa Introduction pa lang may Citation na is good

Black spot and Blindspot . There are so may Literature that are contradicting that is Blindspot.

You need to make sense of the conflicting literature. Pinag aawaya ang maga authors.

Blank Spot naman is Limited yun literature. Gaano kalimited and limited .. 10 and below lamang… to the point na wala
talaga.. Limited Literature.

When the problem is Blindspot need to say the findings are contradicting with one another. The goal now is to test or
retest the acceptability of rejectability of that hypothesis whetehr example teaching strategy is affecting the academic
standing of the student. Testing of hypothesis, if the goals is to test the hypothesis the design must be quantitative
research design. Kapag opposite sya which is the blank spot, you need to generate the hypothesis and to do that hindi ka
gagawa ng quanti gagawa ka ng qualitative. Mali na malaman agad kung quanti o quali kung wala pang literature na
nababasa o di pa alam ang blindspot blanspot.

You should be verifying the literature by reading the literature. ANg title hindi dinedevelop overnight dapat ifollow ang
process… may process para novel and research paper kasi products mo yun. Dun tinatawag ang research nobelty..,

2nd. Presenting the issues underlyin the trends…. Or conflicting findings and different arguments through SOP Or
senetence of Problematizing… Blankspot and Blindspot .

Sa research ay walang problem maghahanap lang tayo ng problems through blankspot at blindspot yun ay mga GAP po.

In According to the findings of literature using somehow, however, etc… dapat magbasa muna with comprehension a lot
of literature… di mabubuo ang TI kung walang mababasa.. palaging may citation… pag walang citation either
opinionated or plagiarism… nagnakawa ng hindi sau.. dapat magborrow ng information ng aithor o properly
acknowldegde ang ga authors.

So. 4 paragraphs ng trends… 2 paragraphs sa IV and 2 Paragraphs sa DV… dun na ngayon isusulat ang conflicting issues

3rd it the O or state of the overall Objective of the paper in the light of the Gap identified.. It is therefore that this
strategies could really affect the Cultural Awareness of the Students. Foe example..

4th Discuss the possible contributions of the paper what will be the contribution to the advancing improving disciplinal
theoryof research. Pag sinabing contribution sa research you will able tosolve the conflicting findings and your findings
will now be the solution parang judge.. or pwedeng policy implementation… cultural awarenss for example para maayos
sila dapat lang magkaroon ng awarenss. Pwede makacreate ng Policy and magiging contribution sa research.

At an ang TIOC Sa pagsusulat ng INTRODUCTION… DONE DONE DONE NA DONE

Ikalawang Bagay na dapat isulat sa CHAPTER 1

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

- Identify probable users who will benefit your research and explanations na paano sila makakabenefit
- Ex. Principal, teachers, students – and POLICIES IS LOCALIZE LANG AVAILABLE SA LUGAR sila ang mga
beneficiary lalo na kung hindi nakapublish and research papers. Magkakaroon lang benefits ang mga
researchers kung published na ang research u. hindi generic ang significance.
Dapat Puclished na ang pagkukuhana ng literature…

Ikatlong bagay

THEORITICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY

Theoritical-Clear preseantion of theory which explain why the study exist. Look for a theory that will support and serves
as a backbone of your research paper. It serves as backbone of our research paper. We cannot make a quantitative
research paper without a theoretical Framework.

Followed by Conceptual Framework – developing appropriate conceptual frame that is related to theproblems of the
study.

Approach for this:

Example SEC approach in writing

S- state the theory… Possible tenses example… PAano ipakilala (The theortitical bases of this paper is Maslow’s
Hoerachy) / or this study is theoretically anchored on.. or premise on… yan ang tama sa intoroduction

E- Explain the theory. Which explain that ang lagi

C- Contextualization- You need to contextualize… or ilocalize sa study .. yun generic is gawin sa localization sa iyong
study…. Best represented through IV and DV. Yun mga na approve na IV and DV is the conceptual Framework

ANG IKAAPAT NA PARTE.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

ANg IV AT DV AY may mga BOXES…

Dapat UNivariable— isang main variable sa isang box

 Subvariable- Every variable presentation

Univariable dapat dalawa… isa sa IV at isa DV . If use arrow sa model… ibig sabhini ay idetermine ang impact. Influence
or effects of IV to DV… kung straight line ay relationship only… Why? STATISTICALtreatment used fo relationship is
different sa Impact, influence at effects. Dapat alam na agad yun..

May figure sa slide na represent na Bi-VAriavle usually presenting two variables… The arrows is tryin to connect the IV
AND DV. And this conceptual Framework willnow be the basis sa pagdevelop ng STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

2 types of Problem:

1. Major Problem The representation of the problems that presents the entire able of the study
2. Specific Probles
1. 2 Uni variables and 1 Bi- Variables.. angmga Variables ay ang sources for specific problems or could also be a
source of Major Problems.
Ex. The Major problems of the study is to determine the awareness in waste management and ots effect on
waste management practices. That is you r major problem.

Specifically this research paper would like to seek answers from the following questions:
1. Is the IV, what is the level of awareness of waste management in terms of the sub- Variable
1.1 Awareness ion regulation
1.2 Standards
1.3 Health effects

2. Second uni variable question using DV:

What is the level of awareness in waste management practices instead of the following
2.1 collection practices
2.2 disposal
2.3 recovery

1st question from IV and second question from DV at yun 3rd question galing sa Bi-Variables question

3rd question:Does the level of awareness significantly affects waste management practives, we called it by a bit
by variable question… mix sya ng DV at IV..

2 uni questions at isang Bi-variable questions

Pag meron na ang mga ito IV dV at may Blindspot na saka na magdevelop ng title

“Awareness on waste management and its effect on waste management practices”

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS…

Some panel members will require implications questions….to add based on the findings what implications may
be drawn from the findings of the study?
Next part of CHAPTER 1 is the hypothesis of the study, it is a scientific guess based from a literature

Two types: alternative and null-hypothesis

Non Hypothesis- negating that there is a relationship or effects and DIFFERENCES (RED)

Alternative – opposite may effects namam

Hypothesis – scieitific guess that two variables are related or not and the minimum number of variables is two
para magkaroon ng hypothesis… the questions must be bi- variables kasi would like to test whether IV is
dependent or affecting DV.

From the questions discussed pwede bang magdvelop ng hypothesis? Problem no.1 … ang Hypothesis is
developed if we would like to know f there is a relationship beween two or more variables

Problem no.1 pwede bang may hypothesis… hindi sya pwede kasi Univariable questions sya

No.2 ay hindi pwede kasi Univariable din

No.3 ay pwede kasi bi-Variables

There are three figures sa slides .. it is another bi-variable question

Step no. 1 Topic Identification… hindi maliligaw basta IV DV ay intact.. do not provide very lengthy topic… for
example level of awarenss on .. Variables must be not lengthy

Wag mag lengthy ng topics, Not more than 12 content words. Pag lengthy hindi sya passable

Variables must not be 12 content words.. content words are variables not articles.

Pag sumobra ng 12 out sya sa APA style

DATA Privacy ACT

Next ay DEFINITION oF TERMS

KEY VARIABLES lang ang ilalagay… at important lang.. go back to IV and DV yun mga terms na important dun..

If you one IV and another DV how many variables coulc be define in variables called as OPERATIONAL ANG
CONCEPTUAL KEY … two lang sya at needed lang talaga

As simple as that para di magmukhang glossary.. MAIN VARIABLE LANG ANG KUNIN

Two types could be define

1. Operational- happens when you define based on how you used the term in your study
2. Concdetual- lifted definition from A source or author with citation
 PWede bang pagsamahin ang operational at Conceptualozation
YES…

FINALLY

SCIPE AND LIMITATION

When you write it we need to be guided with thie question

1, What is our study all about. Discuss ulit and IV DV At sub Variables
3. Who are your possible respondents… need not to name the institutions or the school or just code them
4. When do you plan to conduct the study

Those parts of chapter 1….

Questions