Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION V- BICOL
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF THE CATANDUANES
CATANDUANES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
CONSTANTINO, VIRAC, CATANDUANES
____________________________________________________________________________________
_

CONCEPT PAPER

PROJECT PROPOSAL

Title: Feeding Program for selected CNHS students

As Partial Requirement in
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

Submitted by:

PRECIOUS LAUREN M. TEVAR

Grade 12- Tactfulness

Submitted to:

HAZEL GRACE T. VARGAS

Subject Teacher
 January 2024
PROJECT PROPOSAL

I. Project Title:
Feeding Program: feeding program for selected CNHS students

II. Rationale/ Introduction

To address the issue of malnutrition in the barangay and support the well-being of
the youth, it is imperative to introduce development programs and enhancement
activities.
One of the most prevalent challenges faced by communities is the scarcity of
food, particularly during times of disasters and calamities when the prices of essential
commodities, such as food, are in surge. A significant number of Filipinos are
currently experiencing hunger and even starvation. However, by collaborating with
concerned citizens, the school organization, and foundations, we can implement a
program that will greatly benefit our school community.
The implementation of a supplemental feeding program is an effective and far-
reaching solution that can be offered to the school community. This program primarily
focuses on preparing selected students in Catanduanes National High School,
promoting healthy living through proper nutrition.

III. Objective
To improve the nutritional health of students, to stimulate regular attendance and to
introduce proper nutrition to children and their families.
To educate parents on proper nutrition. To formulate recommendations to improve
the dietary management of moderate malnutrition.
To assist indigent children in their physical, mental and spiritual well-being that
will allow them to perform efficiently in and out of school and the community.

IV. Project Description

Community Service Feeding Program for students are proposed in giving nutritious
food to the identified students of Catanduanes National High School, to be conducted
on January 26, 2024. The duration of the said project will end up until February 2024.
As we go by in our mission.

V. Project Budget
Items Cost
Chicken 400
Rice 150
styro food packaging 150
water 150
fruits 300
5 pack of slice bread 150
Total 1,300.00

Prepared by:
Precious Lauren Tevar
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION V- BICOL
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF THE CATANDUANES
CATANDUANES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
CONSTANTINO, VIRAC, CATANDUANES
____________________________________________________________________________________

Critique Paper

As Partial Requirement in
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

Submitted by:

PRECIOUS LAUREN M. TEVAR

Grade 12- Tactfulness

Submitted to:

HAZEL GRACE T. VARGAS

Subject Teacher

November 2023
 CRITIQUE: TAYLOR SWIFT (LOVE STORY)

As a young country pop singer, Taylor Swift is likely to make use of intertextual references.
One example of this can be seen in her song "Love Story," which is an homage to Romeo and Juliet
and depicts their love story of being prevented from being together by their parents. 2009 saw the
debut of Taylor Swift's single "Love Story." The song's lyrics and artwork were influenced by the
beloved movie "Romeo & Juliet," so the music video's objective was to present the narrative in a
contemporary manner using the song's lyrics. Since it refers to the original, this intertextuality is an
homage rather than a parody, as it demonstrates respect for the play.

The stage design indicates that there is an intertextual connection to Romeo and Juliet. Here,
Taylor Swift, who plays Juliet, is seen waiting for Romeo on her balcony while dressed in her outfit.
She seems like a damsel in distress who is waiting on her rescuer. This scene, which shows formal
dancing at a ballroom, illustrates the location of the music video.

To sum up, Taylor Swift uses intertextuality to paint a relatable picture of a tragic love story.
Additionally, it blends in with her remarks, highlighting clear connections to love, enabling Taylor to
successfully communicate her point with the aid of the intertextual relationship.
 Critique Paper
The Right to Choose What to Wear

The choice of clothing is a personal decision and should not be used to justify violence
against women. It is concerning to see that some individuals blame the victim’s attire when incidents
of abuse or violence occur. However, there are no laws or regulations that dictate what is considered
appropriate or inappropriate clothing. Therefore, it is up to everyone to determine what they feel
comfortable wearing based on situation and location. Just like men, women have the right to choose
their attire without fear of being attacked or judge.
Clothing is the weapon that is being used to exploit women in this country. I read the
comments very well when the news is published in the media that women have been abused or
subjected to violence. I see that most readers take a stand against women who have been abused.
Their argument is that the woman must have worn obscene clothing. What is the definition of
obscene dress? What is the definition of obscenity? What has the state decided in this regard?
Clothing is blamed when someone is raped.
Why women are always victims of violence with clothing? Has the state fixed any specific
uniform for women? Me precious Lauren Tevar, I weal sweatpants, t-shirt, sando, shorts, skirt. That
is, what to wear or not to wear it depends on time place, and situation. There is no law for this. When
I wish, when I feel comfortable in it, I wear it. It is up to the woman to decide what to wear and what
to not wear. Depending on the location and time she will decide which cloth is suitable for her.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION V- BICOL
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF THE CATANDUANES
CATANDUANES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
CONSTANTINO, VIRAC, CATANDUANES
____________________________________________________________________________________
_

POSITION PAPER

Implementation of Sexual Education in the Philippines

Submitted by:
Precious Lauren M. Tevar

Submitted to:
Mrs. Hazel Tassara Vargas

As Partial Requirement in
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

January 18, 2024

 Implementation of Sexual Education in the Philippines

Introduction
Sex education is the acquisition of knowledge and skills, as well as the formation of attitudes,
beliefs, and values related to human sexuality. It encompasses all educational measures that focus on
the specific aspects of sex. This form of education aims to safeguard, preserve, enhance, and advance
the foundation of the family based on accepted ethical principles. By providing education, students
gain an understanding of the physiological, social, and emotional changes they undergo as they grow
older. They also learn how to cultivate healthy and fulfilling relationships and make informed and
responsible choices regarding matters of sexuality.
Sex education provides young people with valuable knowledge that enables them to make
informed decisions about their sexuality and overall health. It plays a crucial role in preventing early
pregnancies among young individuals. By acquiring essential knowledge, skills, values, and
attitudes, they can develop healthy and responsible relationships and make informed choices. Sex
education also equips children with age-appropriate knowledge about social and emotional skills,
enabling them to protect themselves from sexual advances and abuse. Additionally, it helps them
avoid engaging in sexual experimentation and activities that may lead to issues associated with
teenage pregnancies.
Ultimately, sex education serves as a vital tool in educating and safeguarding young people
from the potential risks and consequences of engaging in sexual activities.

Counter Arguments
1. Implementing sex education in the Philippines can potentially send the wrong signals to
innocent children. Sex education aims to make children aware of sexual activities and provide
them with the necessary knowledge about the potential consequences and diseases associated
with such activities.
2. Implementing sex education in the Philippines has proven ineffective in reducing teenage
pregnancy rates. Despite the intention to educate adolescents about sex, this approach fails to
address the root causes and provide comprehensive knowledge on preventing early
pregnancies. Consequently, the lack of adequate information and understanding contributes to
the alarming rates of teenage pregnancies. Moreover, the repercussions of such pregnancies
often lead to unsafe abortions, which pose significant risks to the well-being and lives of
young individuals.
3. The implementation of sex education in the Philippines has not been effective in addressing
the issue of population growth and the spread of STIs and STDs. Individuals would be more
likely to take preventive measures if they were aware of the causes and methods of
contracting these illnesses. By providing this knowledge in advance, people would be better
equipped to protect themselves against such diseases.
My Arguments
Sex education equips young individuals with the necessary knowledge to make well-
informed decisions regarding their sexuality and overall health. It is a comprehensive form of
education that covers a wide range of topics related to sex and sexuality (Kearney 2008).
By providing appropriate knowledge, sex education effectively helps young people avoid
early pregnancy. Additionally, access to birth control through sex education programs has been
shown to reduce unintended pregnancy rates among teenagers. It is important to note that sex
education goes beyond simply teaching about reproduction and the process of conceiving and giving
birth to babies. Its purpose is to assist children in integrating sex into their present and future lives in
a meaningful way, while also providing them with a fundamental understanding of the subject
(Rubin Kindendall).
Implementing sex education in schools facilitates open conversations between adolescents
and their parents or guardians about sex. Furthermore, it enhances knowledge and helps prevent
sexual risks such as engaging in violent relationships, as well as reducing the rates of sexually
transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV and unintended pregnancies. When designing sexual
health interventions, it is crucial to involve adolescents in the process. They have suggested that sex
education should adopt a more positive approach, with less emphasis on anatomy and sacred tactics
(UNFP 2010).
Conclusion
Sex education pertains to the education on human sexuality. Comprehensive sex education
encompasses all aspects of this subject. It is a course of action implemented by schools to instill
socially desirable attitudes, practices, and personal behaviors in children and adults, with the aim of
safeguarding individuals within the family and society (Kearney 2008).
By providing information, skills, and motivation, sex education enables individuals to make
informed decisions regarding their sexuality. It aids children in comprehending the concept of sex
and promotes healthy sexual behaviors, thereby preventing the spread of HIV. In the Philippines, sex
education offers knowledge, awareness, and advanced learning in the field of sexuality.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION V- BICOL
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF THE CATANDUANES
CATANDUANES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
CONSTANTINO, VIRAC, CATANDUANES
____________________________________________________________________________________

PORTFOLIO IN 21ST CENTURY

CONTENTS:

SHORT STORY
LEGEND
FABLE
ESSAY
BIOGRAPHY
AUTOBIOGRAPHY
POEM

Submitted by:

Precious Lauren M. Tevar

Submitted to:

January 18, 2024

 SHORT STORY

ANG PAGONG AT ANG KUNEHO

Isang hapon, nagkita si Pagong at si Kuneho sa daan. Biniro ni Kuneho si Pagong sa kanyang
maliliit na paa na naging dahilan kung bakit napakabagal niyang maglakad.

Nainsulto si Pagong sa mga biro ni Kuneho. Sa kagustuhan ni Pagong na patunayang mali si Kuneho
sa kanyang mga paratang, hinamon niya si Kuneho at nagsabing, "Kung gusto mong subukin ang
aking kakayahan, bakit hindi natin daanin sa isang paligsahan. Maaaring mabilis ka subalit
malakas naman ang aking resistensya," ang hamon ni Pagong.

"Anong paligsahan ang nais mo?" tanong ni Kuneho.

"Kung gusto mo ay unahan na lang tayong makarating sa tuktok ng ikatlong bundok," sagot ni
Pagong.

Nagalak si Kuneho sa hamon ni Pagong. Tiwala sa sariling magagapi niya si Pagong sa paligsahan.
Bawat isa sa kanila ay nangumbida ng kanilang mga kaibigan upang saksihan ang kagila-gilalas na
paligsahan.

Kinabukasan, umagang-umaga, marami ang nagsidalo. Dumating ang kalabaw na minsan na ring
nakalaban ni Pagong, ang kabayo, baboy, palaka, bibe, manok, aso, pusa, kambing, baka, pato,
lawin, usa, baboy ramo at marami pang iba. Hindi, magkamayaw ang mga hayop sa kasiyahan. Noon
lang sila makakapanood ng ganoong klaseng labanan.

Ang unggoy ang nagbigay-hudyat ng pasimula ng paligsahan.

Sa pasimula pa lang ay naiwan na nang malayo si Pagong. Halos hindi na makita ni Kuneho si
Pagong dahil sa kalayuan ng kanilang pagitan.
Narating ni Kuneho ang tuktok ng ikalawang bundok. Hindi na niya matanaw si Pagong.

"Ah, mabuti pa ay mamahinga muna ako. Malayo pa naman si pagong.

Napakalayo ng agwat naming dalawa." ang sabi ni Kuneho sa kanyang sarili.

Naupo si Kuneho sa ilalim ng isang puno. Nang dahil sa kapaguran, hindi niya namalayang siya ay
naidlip.

Samantala, si Pagong ay nakarating sa tuktok ng ikalawang bundok nang magtatanghali. Inabutan pa

niya si Kunehong naghihilik. Himbing na himbing si Kuneho. Dala marahil ng kanyang kapaguran.

Magdadapit-hapon na nang matanaw ni Pagong ang rurok ng ikatlong bundok. Malapit na siya.

Noon palang nagising si Kuneho. Tinanaw niya ang ibaba ng bundok sa pag-aakalang nandoon pa rin
si Pagong subalit wala pa rin. Sinimulan na niya muling tumakbo. Takbong walang pahinga. Laking
gulat niya ng abutan niya si Pagong sa ituktok ng ikatlong bundok na namamahinga na. Hiyawan ang
lahat ng hayop. Lahat sila ay bumati kay Pagong.

Si Kuneho naman ay hiyang-hiya sa pangyayari. Humingi siya ng paumanhin kay Pagong sa ginawa
niyang pang-iinsulto. Simula noon ay nagging halimbawa na ng mga hayop na hindi dapat maliitin
ang kanilang kapwa.
 LEGEND
ANG ALAMAT NG GAGAMBA
Si Arakne ay napakahusay humabi ng tela. Ang sabi ng iba ay tinuruan siya ng diyosang si
Minerva ng husay sa paghahabi. Ang wika ni Arakne ay walang nagturo sa kanya sapaghahabi. Sabi
pa niya ay higit siyang mahusay humabi kaysa sa diyosa. Isang kakilala ang nagpaalala kay Arakne
na huwag siyang masyadong mayabang. Sinabi ni Arakne na nagsasabi lang siya ng totoo. Ang gusto
nga niyaay hamunin ang diyosa na magpagandahan sila sapaghahabi. Nakarating sa diyosang si
Minervaang hamon ni Arakne. Isang araw ay nag-anyong matanda si Minerva at pinuntahan si
Arakne.Pinanood niya ang paghahabi ni Arakne. Pinuririn niya ang mahusay na paghahabi ng dalaga.
Nagyabang si Arakne dahil sa narinig. Anangdalaga ay walang panama sa husay nya magingang
disang si Minerva. Hindi ka dapat magsalita ng gayon. Si Minerva ang diyosa at walang
mmakakadaig sa kanya. Nagtawa si Arakne.
“kung narito lang siya ngayon ay kaya ko siyangtalunin.” Nagtanggal ng balatkayo ang
diyosa.“Masusunod ang iyong kahilingan,” wika ni Minerva. “Simulan na natin ang paghahabi.”
Higit na maganda ang nahabi ng diyosa. Hiyang hiya si Arakne. “Mula ngayon ay lagi mong
maaalala ang iyong kayabangan,” wika ni Minerva. Naging insekto na may walong paa si Arakne.
Mula noon ay humabi na siya nang humabi ng mga lambat. Siya ang unang gagamba.
 FABLE
SI PARUPARO AT SI LANGGAM
Takang-taka si Paruparo habang minamasdan niya si Langgam na pabalik-balik sa
paghahakot ng pagkain sa kanyang lungga sa ilalim ng puno.
“Ano ba iyang ginagawa mo, kaibigang Langgam? Mukhang pagod na pagod ka ay di ka man
lang magpahinga?” tanong ni Paruparo. “Bakit di ka magsaya na tulad ko?”
“Naku, mahirap na,” aniya. “Malapit na ang tag-ulan. Iba na ang may naipon na pagkain bago
dumating ang tag-ulan.”
“Kalokohan iyan. Tingnan mo ako. Hindi natitigatig,” pagmamalaki ni Paruparo.
“Bakit nga ba?” Nagtataka si Langgam.
“Ganito iyon, e. Nakikita mo ba ang kaibigan ko sa damuhan?” inginuso niya ang nasa di
kalayuan.
“Sino?’ tanong ni Langgam.
“Si Tipaklong, kaibigan ko iyan, Alam mo, matapang ang kaibigan ko. Nabibigyan niya ako
ng proteksyon. Baka akala mo, dahil sa kanya walang sigwang darating sa akin,” pagyayabang ni
Paruparo.
“A, ganoon ba?” sabi ni Langgam.
“Utak lang, utol. O, di pakanta-kanta lang ako ngayon dito. Ikaw lang e,” sabi ni Paruparo.
“Wala akong inaasahan kundi ang aking sarili. Kaya kayod dito, kayod doon,” mababa subalit
madiin ang tinig ni Langgam. “O, sige, ipagpapatuloy ko muna ang aking gawain.”
Pagkatapos ng usapang iyon nagkahiwalay ang dalawa.
Ang mga sumusunod na araw ay maulan. Hindi lamang mahabang tag-ulan. May kasama
pang bagyo at baha. Mahirap lumabas at kung makalabas man wala ring matagpuang pagkain.
Lalong umapaw ang tubig. Walang madaanan ang tubig dahil malalim din ang mga ilog at
dagat. Tumagal ang baha. Palubha nang palubha ang kalagayan dahil malakas pa rin ang pagbuhos
ng ulan.
Ano kaya ang nangyari kay Langgam? Naroon siya sa guwang ng puno. Namamahinga.
Sagana siya sa pagkain. Naisipan ni Langgam ang dumungaw upang alamin ang kalagayan ng
paligid. Aba, ano ba ang kanyang nakita?
Nakita niya si Paruparo at Tipaklong na nakalutang sa tubig. Patay ang dalawa. Mayamaya’y
dalawang mabilis na ibon ang mabilis na dumagit sa kanila.
Napaurong sa takot si Langgam sa kanyang nakita. Subalit nasabi pa rin niya sa kanyang
sarili: “Kung sino ang may tiyaga, siya ang magtatamong pala.”
 ESSAY

Laging Handa
(Tagalog Essay)

Kung kelan nagdarasal akong huwag umulan, saka naman tila nanunukso ang panahon. At
kahit sisihin ko pa ang sarili ko sa hindi pagsunod sa batas ng Boy Scout na dapat ay “laging handa”
tuwing lalabas ng bahay, wala na akong magagagawa kundi ang umilag-ilag sa mga “kaaway”. Ang
problema, inabot akong walang kalaban-laban sa gitna ng kalsada. Papatawid sa sakayan. Wala nang
pagkakataon para umiwas-pusoy.

Ginamit ko ang face towel na dala ko para ipagtanggol (kahit man lang ang ulo ko) sa mga
kaaway habang nag-i-i-step-yes-step-no sa pedestrian lane. Huli na nang maisip kong hindi pala ako
pwedeng lumaban sa giyera kung ang dala-dala ko’y bread knife sa halip na bazooka.

Habang nakikipagsiksikan sa isang waiting shed sa Quiapo, naiisip ko ang mga batang
palaboy sa lansangan na nagpipilit maghanap ng ikabubuhay para sa sarili at sa pamilya kahit
umuulan. Ang mga batang sa bubot na isip ay nagagawang maghanap ng pagkain sa legal na paraan
na ipandudugtong sa hininga ng mga kapatid at magulang. Napi-picture ko ang mga musmos na mula
pagdilat ng mga mata ay nakikipagpatintero na sa mga humahagibis na sasakyan.

Hindi ko alam kung bakit itinatanong ko sa aking sarili kung paano natitiis ng kanilang mga
murang katawan ang kaligkig na dulot ng masungit na panahon alang-alang sa kaunting barya. Hindi
ko alam kung bakit pumapasok sa diwa ko’t balintataw ang hitsura nila habang hinahamig ang mga
dalisdis na patak sa lansangan upang makapagtinda ng sampaguita. Hindi ko alam kung bakit ko
naiisip kung ano ang kanilang iniisip sa kanilang sitwasyon. Siguro, wala na silang panahon para
isipin pa kung ano ang kanilang kahihinatnan sa dulo. Dahil mas abala sila sa pag-iisip sa hapunang
wala pang kasiguraduhan.

Naiisip ko rin kung ano ang iniisip ng taong nakaupo sa silyang naiikot at naitataas-baba.
Siguro’y nangunguyakoy pa ito habang humihigop ng mainit na kape ngayong tag-ulan. Hinihimas
ang baba sa paggawa ng batas na papabor sa negosyo ng ilang mga malalaking tao at kaibigan
habang itinatanong sa sarili kung ano ang mga numerong tumama sa lotto.

Kay hindi siguro nila naiisip ang mga naiisip ko…

Nakasakay na ako sa jeep ng himalang tumila ang ulan.

 POEM

KALUPI NG PUSO
Jose Corazon De Jesus

Talaan ng aking mga dinaramdam,

Kasangguning lihim ng nais tandaan,
bawat dahon niya ay kinalalagyan
ng isang gunitang pagkamahal-mahal
Kaluping maliit sa tapat ng puso
ang bawat talata’y puno ng pagsuyo,
ang takip ay bughaw, dito nakatago
ang lihim ng aking ligaya’t siphayo.
Nang buwan ng Mayo kami nagkilala
at tila Mayo rin nang magkalayo na;
sa kaluping ito nababasa-basa
ang lahat ng aking mga alaala.
Nakatala rito ang buwan at araw
ng aking ligaya at kapighatian…
isang dapithapo’y nagugunam-gunam
sa mga mata ko ang luha’y umapaw…
Anupa’t kung ako’y tila nalulungkot
binabasa-basa ang nagdaang lugod;
ang alaala ko’y dito nagagamot,
sa munting kaluping puno ng himutok.
Matandang kalupi ng aking sinapit
dala mo nang lahat ang tuwa ko’t hapis;
kung binubuksan ka’y parang lumalapit
ang lahat ng aking nabigong pag-ibig.
Sa dilaw mong dahong ngayon ay kupas na
ang lumang pagsuyo’y naaalaala,
O, kaluping bughaw, kung kita’y mabasa
masayang malungkot na hinahagkan ka…
May ilang bulaklak at dahong natuyo
na sa iyo’y lihim na nangakatago,
tuwi kong mamasdan, luha’y tumutulo
tuwi kong hahagkan, puso’y nagdurugo.
 AUTOBIOGRAPHY
Title
A Japanese in the Philippines: an autobiography / by Kiyoshi Osawa ; translated by Tsunesuke
Kawashima ; edited by Ruthie Aquino
Description
Unique autobiography of a Japanese who went to the
Philippines after seeing advertisements about the
South Seas.

Arriving in the Philippines in 1925 at the age of 19,

he found work in Zamboanga and Basilan before
moving to Manila in 1929. He became prominent as
a respected Japanese businessman. When the war
started, he was interned with other Japanese, but
released upon the entry of the Japanese Army. The
Japanese Army placed him in charge of the Fuel
Distribution Union, responsible for rationing
gasoline and fuel oil to Filipinos; he tried to
intercede in behalf of his Filipino friends but the
Japanese soldiers and especially the Military Police
undid his actions. When the Americans had landed in
Leyte, Osawa, along with the bulk of the Japanese
Army in Manila withdrew to the mountains. Osawa
was run over by a truck and almost lost his legs; he
was rushed to Philippine General Hospital and was
treated by Filipino doctors and nurses who he had
befriended before the war. At the height of the Battle
for Manila when Japanese soldiers committed
atrocities, Osawa was hidden and kept safe by the
Filipino staff of the hospital. Forced to return to Japan in 1945, he returned to the Philippines as soon
as it was safe and legal for him to do so. He lived and worked in the Philippines until his death in
2002.
 AUTOBIOGRAPHY
MY AUTOBIOGRAPHY
BY: Manuel L. Quezon
Ex-Secretary Ventura is surprised and resentful because I spoke of him the way I did in my speech in the Senate.
He and his friends are responsible for this. He and his friends have been saying that he was my first and most important
victim in my persecution of the advocates of the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Law; I warned them that unless they stopped
repeating this false charge I would be compelled to tell the truth; they continued in this campaign of falsehood, so, in
self-defense, I had to state the reasons why my self-styled victims were driven out from the service. And I said it in rather
plain language because these are days that demand plain speaking, and no one should say anything, unless he can prove
it, much less should he say it through dirty insinuations and innuendos. Everything I said about Mr. Ventura is true and no
one better than himself knows it, and some of the statements about him I have made, he himself has confirmed in his
answer. And I could say more about his conduct in the service -although nothing affecting his honesty.

I said he was a professional politician, without a profession or business calling, and Mr. Ventura confirms this.
For he says, in his answer, that as soon as he left college, he entered politics and has been in politics ever since. By not
telling us what his profession or business calling was, we must conclude that he had neither. There, in his own words, he
is pictured as he is -a professional politician- a man without a calling and living only upon politics. But Mr. Ventura
added proudly, “when I entered politics, I had more wealth than I have now.” And he told the truth. In fact, he could have
said more: He could have said: “I was born rich, the son of one of the wealthiest and most beloved and respected men of
Pampanga, who left me a large fortune for my education in the best colleges and universities here and abroad, expecting
me to be, with all the opportunities that only few men can have, a great lawyer, to add to the fortune I had inherited and
thus be an honor to his memory, to my country and myself. But I could not pass the bar examination and hence could not
practice law. I had no ability or inclination to engage in business so I entered politics, the only profession I could make
my own, because it required neither ability nor industry.”

Mr. Ventura could also have explained why, having entered politics a rich man by inheritance, he is now almost
a poor man. The reason why Mr. Ventura did not say why he has lost his fortune is because he wanted to leave with the
public which does not know the facts, the impression that he has lost his fortune because of politics and the great
expenses he had to make owing to the high position he occupied. And, of course, this is not true. Mr. Ventura knows that
he did not lose his fortune in that way, and I know it too, and the people of his province and many in this city know it as
well as Mr. Ventura does.

Let me add -Mr. Ventura is lucky he was a Secretary of the Interior for so many years and he had sisters who are
so generous, for having learned his lesson after he had lost his fortune, he was able to save from his handsome salary.
May I ask what has been the profession or occupation of Mr. Ventura since he left the service? Ah, yes. He has been
doing a most patriotic work going around and telling the people that the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Law is a real independence
law, that if accepted it will make our country free, happy and prosperous; for this reason, Quezon should be damned and
driven out of public life and the country, because he is against independence, a traitor to the national cause and -“a man
who has spent all his life, like me, devoted to politics; with this difference that Quezon from a shirtless protege of the
Dominican Fathers and a famous doctor, now, without having practiced any profession or engaged in business has
become according to an article of General Aguinaldo a multi-millionaire”

As for my previous poverty, Mr. Ventura could have said more than he has said, and I am going to say it for him.

I was born a poor man, the son of a schoolteacher in one of the smallest towns in the Philippines -Baler. My
father had, besides his salary, a two-hectare rice-land which he cultivated. While I was a boy and during my early youth,
my father saved as much as he could from his meager salary and from what he could get from his rice-field, only to have
a few hundred pesos with which to give me an education. During those Spanish days, a Filipino family could live in a
small town on four pesos a month and a supply of rice. Thus did my family live for years. When I was at the age of five,
an aunt of mine started to teach me to read and write. My own father and mother, and the priest of the town later gave me
my primary instruction. At the age of nine I was brought by my father to Manila and began my secondary education at
the San Juan de Letran College. First, I lived in the Convent of San Francisco serving as a room-and-mess boy for one
priest, receiving no salary, except board and room. I could not stay too long in this service, because being too young, I
could not do my work as room-and-mess boy and at the same time study and go to college without hurting my health. I
was then sent by my father to the house of an aunt where for some pesos (I do not know how much) I roomed and
boarded. The house was in Paco, too far from the Walled City for him who could only use his own feet as a means of
transportation. My classes started at seven o’clock in the morning and I had to get up very early to reach my classes on
time. Again, this impaired my health and the following year I was taken by my father to San Juan de Letran as an intern.
as an intern I remained until I graduated as A.B. with the highest honors. By this time the savings of my father had all
been spent on my education. He owed money, and simply told me I had to stop my studies unless I could work my way
through university education. I came to Manila and spoke to my Dominican professors, who, by this time, had become
very fond of me, and told them of my situation. I wanted to be a lawyer but could not pay for my expenses. They secured
a position for me as one of the helpers in the university of Santo Tomas with room and board and free tuition. Thus, I was
able to take up the study of law. Before finishing my law course, the revolution came, and soon after the hostilities
between American and Filipino forces had started, I joined the Filipino army and took part in the war. I remained in the
field until all organized resistance to the authority of the United States had been wiped out. I came to Manila, penniless
and sick; was put and kept in prison by the United States Army for six months. After my release from prison, I stayed in
the house of the Alberts (Alejandro) who had become my good friends during the revolution. With them I stayed without
paying for my room and board for some time. There I fell sick and was admitted free of charge at San Juan de Dios
hospital, thanks to the good offices of my Dominican professors and the generosity of Bishop Alcocer, then the
Metropolitan of Manila. For a long time, I was in the hospital until Dr. Singian (the famous surgeon) brought me to his
house to live with him free of charge, and to be taken care of by him until I got well.

Then I was able to enter as clerk in the Monte de Piedad, at the modest salary of twenty-five pesos a month. I
lived for a practically nominal sum at the house of an old couple, until I passed the bar examinations with a very high
grade.

Once a lawyer, I did not go into politics at once. First, I worked in the office of Judge Ortigas, the largest and
most highly reputed firm in the country at the time, at the invitation of Judge Ortigas himself who had known me as a
student. I received a salary of P150 a month, at that time a very big salary for a lawyer who did not have any previous
practice of the profession, and with the understanding that I could have my own clients and receive my own fees from
them. I stayed in the firm for four months, received my monthly salary, won in the courts every single clase alloted to me
by the firm, had my own clients in association with another lawyer from Iloilo named Gay and made for me during that
time about two thousand pesos from my practice with Mr. Gay.

Then I had to go to Tayabas to file a civil suit to recover the land of my deceased father, which was unlawfully
occupied by another party. In Tayabas, I soon began to have clients and seeing a good field there for my profession I
came back to Manila, severed my association with Mr. Gay and opened my law office in that province. Immediately
some big cases, civil and criminal, were entrusted to me. I charged large fees to the rich and none whatever to the poor. I
lost no case.

Then the position of provincial fiscal for Mindoro was offered to me by the judge of first instance of that district
and by the late Dr. Tavera, then a member of the Philippine Commission. I hesitated long before I am accepting the offer.
I was making over one thousand pesos a month as a lawyer and the position of fiscal of Mindoro gave only a salary of
P150. I considered the offer of said position as a call of public duty and accepted it. After six months as fiscal of Mindoro
I was promoted to Tayabas, without asking anybody for this promotion. I served as fiscal of Tayabas for six months and
then resigned to return to the practice of my profession. As fiscal of Tayabas I had a legal royal battle with the five best
American lawyers of Manila at the time on some criminal charges for estafa which I presented against an American
lawyer, then the owner of the most powerful American newspaper of Manila, The Cablenews, who tried to rob of their
property a number of ignorant but somewhat well-to-do Filipinos. I won the case, the lawyer was convicted and
disbarred, but he did not land in jail because he escaped from the country, thus forfeiting his bond.

As an aftermath of this and for his own personal reasons, the then governor of Mindoro, Captain Ofley, at my
back brought administrative charges of all kinds against me for acts supposedly committed by me when I was fiscal of
Mindoro. Without being previously informed of the charges, an ex parte investigation was conducted in Mindoro,
witnesses were called in to testify against me in my absence, and under the moral threat of my prosecutor, Governor
Ofley. All the serious charges were found groundless, but some minor ones were declared proven, such as, for instance,
that I had attacked someone physically. I was disgusted with the performance, and against the advice of Judge Ross, the
then inspector of fiscals who told the then Secretary of Justice, Judge Ide, in my presence, that I was the best provincial
fiscal, I resigned the position.
 I practiced law again in Tayabas and once more my law office had to decline many cases because I could not
handle them. I made several thousand pesos as a lawyer, as everybody knows in Tayabas and then I entered the race for
governorship of the province. And I did so on the insistent demands of the poor people of Tayabas. as a fiscal and as a
lawyer I had defended them against abuses of the unscrupolous rich and the lawless government officials. They wanted
me to render them a constant and effective service as governor of the province, and I yielded to their demands. The
richest, most powerful and influential families of the province fought me. The poor and humble stood by me and I won,
against my two rival candidates who both belonged to the cream of the society of the province.

I was elected, my election was protested, one of the grounds of the protest being that those who voted for me
were uneducated. My election was confirmed and became governor of the province.

It seems evident that before I entered politics I had a profession, practiced it, and made a success of it, both from
the standpoint of my reputation as a competent lawyer and as a lover of justice, and I want to add that when I entered
politics, I was no longer a shirtless man.

And so when I assumed office as governor of Tayabas, I had a few thousand pesos left from my savings as a
lawyer. But I was then a young, unmarried man, fond of dancing and entertainments and what I had saved plus my salary
as governor, were all spent in dances and entertainments that I gave.

As governor, not only did I stop every kind of abuses of the people known to me, but when a band of ladrones
was organized in my province armed with guns, I personally led the constabulary and the police and the then Colonel
Harbord to pursue them in the mountains. After hiking all day and night without sleep and without food, we met the
band, had a hand-to-hand fight with them, caught their leaders and that was the end.

Whether I have been a good and impartial governor can be deduced from the fact that when one year and half
after my assumption of office, there was held the first election to the Philippine Assembly, I was elected as the
representative from my district, this time with the vote not only of the poor, but also the rich, for my election was
practically unanimous though there was a candidate against me and I made no campaign for my election.

As a representative I became the floor leader of the Assembly and chairman of the Appropriations Committee,
and after another year and half as assemblyman I was elected resident commissioner, a position I held until I was elected
president of the senate, after the enactment of the Jones Law.

And right now, let me interrupt my narration of my political career.

As soon as the Jones Law was enacted I informed Speaker Osmena, then the leader of the Party, of my desire to
practice anew my law profession, but Speaker Osmena insisted that I should continue in the public service as it was also
the desire of my district. Thus, I was elected senator without my taking part in the campaign for my election, and when
the senate convened, I was elected its president.

After serving as president of the senate for some time, I again tried to practice my profession. All steps had been
taken for me to be a member in the firm of Cohn and Fisher, the largest law firm in Manila at the time, and when
everything was agreed and all that was needed was for me was to go into the firm, the members of the Senate asked me
not to resign as president. I was single, had neither need nor desire to make money, and was persuaded to remain in
public life. The only reason why I wanted to practice law was because I loved the profession more than I love politics and
I have never been dazzled by the glitter of power. I am a humble man, born poor, lived with the poor in my infancy and
youth and the formalities and ceremonies of official life do not appeal to me. I was persuaded by my colleagues and so
my understanding with the law firm of Cohn and Fischer went for naught.

Then came the time for me to get married and I did get married. To avoid public demonstrations, and the pomp
of a marriage of the first and only president of the Philippine Senate which the customs of our people would have
demanded, I went to Hong Kong and there got married, without anyone being present at my wedding except half a dozen
men who were traveling with me. Even these did not know I was getting married that day until, to their surprise, the
marriage ceremony began. I was dressed in a business suit and my bride had an ordinary dress, no flowers, no
celebration, nothing but the essential.

I was then on my way to the United States heading a mission sent by the Legislature. After I was through with
my mission I decided once more to practice law. This time I was determined to carry out my plans. Still in Washington I
entered and signed a contract with Judge DeWitt and the then Attorney General, Mr. Paredes, to form a partnership. And,
in order that when I come back to Manila no one could prevent me from carrying out that contract, there was a clause
requiring every one of us -Quezon, DeWitt and Paredes- to put a bond of five thousand pesos to be forfeited in case
anyone of us broke said contract.

This time I wanted to practice my profession not only for love of the practice of law, but to make money. I had a
wife and was expecting to have children. I had a duty to them. I did not want them to be “shirtless” as their father had
been, not because to be poor is a dishonor, but because it is hard. As a good father I did not want my children to suffer
hunger and privation as I had suffered. I wanted them to have the same opportunities in their youth that Mr. (Honorio)
Ventura had in his. But when I arrived in Manila more pressure was put on me, not to resign as President of the Senate,
and I yielded. I had to beg Judge DeWitt, who had come to Manila to carry out our agreement, to release my bond and he
did it, just as Mr. Paredes very kindly consented to do the same.

After our first baby came, the need for making money became more evident to me, and I went into a business
with Judge Ortigas at his own invitation. He, Judge Ortigas, and Mr. Whitaker, were buying a very big property and they
were willing to take me in, as their partner, with one eleventh share. Real estate business can have no possible
incompatibility with my duties as president of the senate or senator and I accepted the proposition, provided I found the
money that I had to put, which I did not have. Through the guarantee of my friend, Tomas Earnshaw, I secured a one
hundred-thousand-peso loan from the National Bank -Mr. Earnshaw at the time having three times as much deposit in
cold cash in said bank. My participation in the real estate to be purchased answered for my debt. The business was a
success. I paid my debt to the bank, and from what I made of the transaction, I have acquired other property. My total
income at present is not more than twelve thousand pesos a year, although when I need more money I borrow it, or sell
some property of mine. All I have left now is my house in Pasay, another in Mariquina and one more in Baguio. A big
piece of land in Baler, over one thousand hectares, which belonged to my father, through occupation, under the Spanish
laws, and which he never was able to cultivate. This property which originally was around three thousand hectares,
because unattended by me, was occupied by homesteaders, I allowed them to keep all that they were occupying. What
was left does not give me a cent and steps have already been taken for its distribution among the people of my town.
Besides, I have a coconut plantation -about three thousand trees- in Sariayaya, also worthless at this time; two hundred
hectares of land in Nueva Ecija which yet gives me no return, a participation in a real estate in Balintawak from the sale
of which I get about six thousand pesos a year, one small lot near University of Santo Tomas, two fishponds, practically
the only property which gives me my income, and about six thousand pesos worth of gold mine stocks.

Where are my millions? If anybody has proofs that I have more than I have enumerated let him show it. If Mr.
Ventura wants authority from me, I shall give it to him, absolute and complete, so that he may find out from every source
possible if I have a fortune which he claims and which he knows I do not have. He can go with that authority to all banks,
and he will find that all I have in cash is a few thousand pesos, as against about ninety thousand that I owe.

But I do have some property. That which I have related above, and which I hope will provide for the education
of my children. So, Mr. Ventura is right, I was born poor and now I have a little property made by my brains and my
industry. Mr. Ventura was born rich and now he has practically nothing, as he confesses.

There you have two men -one who made himself and the other who wasted his opportunities, the self-made man
and the self-unmade man.
 BIOGRAPHY
BIOGRAPHY OF GENERAL ANTONIO LUNA
Occupation
Antonio Luna with fellow propagandists Eduardo de Lete (CENTER) and
Marcelo H. Del Pilar (RIGHT). PHOTO was taken in Spain in 1890.
Turn of the century photo of Antonio Luna
He was regarded as one of the fiercest generals of his time, he succeeded Artemio
Ricarte as commander of the Philippine Revolutionary Army. He sought to apply his
background in military science to the fledgling army. A sharpshooter himself, he
organized professional guerrilla soldiers later to be known as the "Luna
Sharpshooters" and the "Black Guard". His three-tier defense, now known as the Luna
Defense Line, gave the American troops a hard campaign in the provinces, north of
Manila. This defense line culminated in the creation of a military base in the
Cordillera. He was also known as a soldier, chemist, musician, pharmacist, war-
strategist, and a journalist back in his days.
Fun Fact:
Photos of some events of his life...
Gen. Luna's brother Juan Luna was one of the first recognized Philippine artists. He
was the creator of the world-famous painting, Spoliarium, which was also known as
the greatest painting of all times.
General Luna was assassinated on June 5, 1899, at the streets of Cabanatuan, Nueva
Ecija by his own soldiers because the president, Emilio Aguinaldo thought he was
threat.
General Luna was the fiercest, bravest, and one of the most admired heroes of the
Philippines. The history of the Philippine Revolution was mostly forgotten because
after Gen. Luna was assassinated, the americans won the war. In one of our histories,
one of our first teachers were the Thomasites, they were a group of about five hundred
American teachers sent by the U.S. government to the Philippines in August 1901.
Personal life
In the period between 1889-1891, Luna courted Nellie Boustead who was also courted
by Jose Rizal, (national hero). Boustead was really infatuated with Rizal. In a party,
the drunk Gen. Luna made some unpleasant remarks to Boustead. This made Jose
Rizal challenge Gen. Luna in a duel. However, Luna apologized to him when he felt
well, thus averting the duel between the compatriots.
by: Jerrold Tarog
[FACTS]
Highlights:
General Antonio Luna, AKA “The Fiery General” was a leader of the Philippine
Revolutionary Army during the Philippine-American War. He formed the Philippine
Revolutionary Army. He was a Filipino scientist and soldier who lived in the late 19th
century. He was widely recognized in the scientific community for his research of
contagious diseases.
Legacy:
His efforts to free the Philippines from American rule and his pharmaceutical and
environmental science findings both left their mark on his country.
Birth Date and Place of Birth
General Luna was an Ilocano born on October 29, 1866, in Calle Urbiztondo (Barraca
Street), Binondo, now part of San Nicolas, Manila.
Antonio was a gifted student, who studied with a teacher called Maestro Intong from
the age of six. He received a Bachelor of Arts from the Ateneo Municipal de Manila in
1881, and continued his studies in chemistry, music, and literature at the University of
Santo Tomas, also in Manila. In addition to his academic subjects, Antonio Luna
studied fencing, sharpshooting, and military tactics at the university. In 1890, Antonio
traveled to Spain to join his brother Juan Luna, who was studying painting in Madrid.
There, Antonio earned a licentiate in pharmacy at the Universidad de Barcelona,
followed by a doctorate from the Universidad Central de Madrid. He went on to study
bacteriology and histology at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, continuing to Belgium.
While in Spain, Luna had published a well-received paper on malaria, so in 1894 the
Spanish government appointed him to a post as a specialist in communicable and
tropical diseases.
Antonio was the youngest of seven children of Joaquín Luna San Pedro Y. Posadas
from Badoc, Ilocos Norte, and Spanish mestiza Laureana Novicio San Ignacio Y.
Ancheta, from Luna, La Union. His father was a traveling salesman of the government
tobacco monopoly. The tobacco monopoly was formally established in 1782. After
their family moved to Manila in 1861, his father became a merchant in Binondo.
He also has siblings. His older brother, Juan Luna, was an accomplished painter who
studied in the Madrid Escuela de Bellas Artes de San Fernando. His Spoliarium
garnered one of the three gold medals awarded in the Madrid Exposition Nacional de
Bellas Artes in 1884. His other brother, José Luna, became a doctor. Yet another
brother, Joaquín Luna, fought with Antonio in the Philippine-American War, and later
served as governor of La Union from 1904 to 1907. Joaquín would also serve as
senator from 1916 to 1919. His three other siblings were Numeriana, Manuel, and
Remedios.
Death
Antonio Luna poses with a microscope at the Institute Pasteur in Paris, France.
PHOTO was taken in the early 1890's.
THE MOVIE
"HENERAL LUNA"
There are urban legends that persist to present concerning Luna diverting millions of
pesos from the Republic's treasury, particularly from Ilocos and Pampanga, to the
hometown of his alleged sweetheart, Ysidra Cojuangco. Ysidra was the aunt of Jose
Cojuangco, father of Corazon Aquino. Luna's wealth was rumored to have been
entrusted to Ysidra, resulting in the latter becoming one of the richest women in the
Philippines by 1900.
"The Fiery General"
Nellie Boustead
Fun Fact:
He was the editor of La Independencia.
After the declaration of Philippine independence, Gen. Luna saw that the success of
the new republic depended on the mindsets of his countrymen. He felt that the
revolution needed a newspaper that would help mold the nation. On September 3,
1898, the first edition of La Independencia (“The Independence”) rolled off, thereby
pioneering the democratic concept of freedom of the press in the Philippines.
 He was a scientist.
 He was a brilliant writer.
 He was an expert marksman and martial artist.
 He and Jose Rizal almost had a duel.
 He had a bad ass teacher in the art of war.
 He helped establish the first military academy for Filipinos.
 He had his own elite group of soldiers.
 He created the Luna Line, (a series of three-layered bamboo trenches which
included bamboo spikes and poisonous snakes.)
 He planned to build a guerrilla fortress in the Mountain Province.
 A bag of coins stopped a bullet from killing him.
 He was frightening even in death.
 Even the Americans admired him.

He was known to be the "Hero of the Philippine Revolution"

 http://pinoykollektor.blogspot.ca/2015/09/106-general-antonio-luna-
memorabilia.html
 http://asianhistory.about.com/od/philippines/fl/Antonio-Luna-Hero-of-the-
Philippine-American-War.htm
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Luna
 http://www.filipiknow.net/facts-about-antonio-luna/