i

APPROVAL SHEET
In partial fulfillment for the subject Practical Research 002 (PRAC RES 002), this
research entitled “The Relationship of Students’ Leadership to the Academic
Performance of Selected Grade 11 Senior High School Class Officers in
Technological Institute of the Philippines Quezon City for the 1st Semester SY:
2019-2020” had been prepared and studied by Melitte Balita, Hanna Moncada, Aila
Muñoz, Glean Soriao, Camila Jane Tejeros, Rhea Bianca Villabesa, and Elaijah
Villamiel who are hereby recommended for Oral Examination.

Mr. Bernard O. Estioco LPT

Research Adviser

Approved by the committee on oral and examination with a grade of

Lead Panelists

Mr. Emmanuel De Guzman Ms. Knistle Garchitorena MBA

Panelist Panelist

Mr. Jhonnet Kim Galit

Panelist

Recommended for acceptance and approval in the Senior High School Department

Dr. Brenda B. Corpuz Dr. Ruben E. Faltado III

Principal Asst. Principal
 ii

DEDICATION

Lord, we dedicate this study for you, for helping us out through difficulties and giving us

the courage to still pursue the paper despite of the conflicts happened throughout the

conducted research.

We also dedicate this study for our families, for providing us the needed funds to

conduct this research and for giving us the moral support to finish this study.
 iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researcher acknowledges those people who made this research possible.

To our Almighty God for the guidance throughout this study and the strength,

knowledge and patience He gave to pursue this study.

To Mr. Bernard O. Estioco, our research adviser, for his shared knowledge and

assistance to make this research happen.

To Ms. Theresa Castrence, for helping us to determine the needed statistical tools.

To Mr. Jun Kevin Pedrosa, for the advice and suggestions to make the research travel

a straight path to the conclusion of a correlational research.

To our family, for their unyielding support and trust to us.

 iv

ABSTRACT

Leadership is important for students to experience during their schooling, to learn the art

of building relationships within teams, defining identities and achieving tasks effectively

(Ravasini, 2017). This study examines the relationship of student leadership and

academic performance by identifying the average grade of the students in the first

grading of the first semester and their leadership skills in terms of organizing skills,

communication skills and decision-making skills. The researchers used a correlational

research, which is a type of quantitative research, to show the relationship between the

two variables. Also, stratified random sampling technique is done in getting the

population sample to conduct a survey. The samples for this research are selected

Grade 11 PM shift Senior High School students from the strands STEM, ABM, HUMSS

and PBMS.The results showed that most students have an average grade ranging from

85-89. Student leaders also possesses characteristics such as understanding other

people, willingness to take responsibility and ability and desire to keep learning. But

they also have similar characteristics that needs improvement such as influencing

others, having a good self-image and not accepting status quo. The result of the study

shows that there is a moderately strong correlation between student leadership and

academic performance.
 v

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study……………………………………………………………………….1
Statement of the Problem………………………………………………………………………2
Research Hypothesis………………………………………………………..….………………3
Scope and Delimitation…………………………………………………………………………3
Significance of the Study……………………………………………………………………….4
Synthesis…………………………………………………………………………………………5
Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Student Leaders…………………………………………………………………………………7
Importance of Student Leadership…………………………………………………………….8
Relationship between Student Leadership and Academic Performance……….…………8
Effects of being a Student Leader…………………………………………………….…….…9
Leadership Traits of Students…………………………………………………..……………10
Strength and Weaknesses of a Leader………………………………………..……………11
Factors Affecting Student Leadership……………………………………………………….11
Effects of being a Leader in the Academic Performance………………………………….12
Aspects of Leadership…………………………………………………………………...……12
Synthesis…………………………………………………………………………………….…14
Conceptual Framework……………………………………………………………………….15
Theoretical Framework……………………………………………………………………..…16
Definition of Terms………………………………………………………………………….…16
Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design………………………………………………………………………………18
Research Setting………………………………………………………………………………19
Research Subject……………………………………………………………………………...19
Research Instruments…………………………………………………………………………20
 vi

Data Collection and Gathering Procedure…………………………………………………..21

Statistical Treatment…………………………………………………………………………..22
Chapter 4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Statement of the Problem 1: Average Grade of the Students…………………………….24
Statement of the Problem 2: Skills Possessed by the Students………………………….25
2.1. Communication skills…………………………………………………………….26
2.2. Decision-Making skills……………………………………………………………27
2.3. Organizing skills…………………………………………………………………..28
Statement of the Problem 3: Relationship of Student Leadership
and Academic Performance………………………………………………………………….29
Chapter 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary………………………………………………………………………………………..30
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………...31
Recommendations…………………………………………………………………………….32
 vii

TABLES AND FIGURES

Page

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework / Research Paradigm…………………………………..15

Figure 2. Samples for Each Strand………………………………………………………….20

Figure 3. Data Collection and Gathering Procedure……………………………………….22

Figure 4. The Relationship between the Average Grades…………………………….…..29

and Student Leadership

Table 1. Scoring Interpretation Guides on Student’s Leadership……………………...…21

Table 2. The Average Grade of Grade 11 Senior High School Class Officers………….24

Table 3. Communications Skills………………………………………………….…………..25

Table 4. Organizing Skills…………………………………………………………………….27

Table 5. Decision-making Skills……………………………………………………………..28

THE RELATIONSHIP OF STUDENT LEADERSHIP TO THE ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED GRADE 11 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
CLASS OFFICERS IN TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE
PHILIPPINES QUEZON CITY FOR THE 1ST SEMESTER
SY: 2019-2020

A Research Submitted
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course
Practical Research 2 ABM (HS RES ABM 002)

By
Balita, Melitte
Moncada, Hanna Marie
Muñoz, Aila
Soriao, Glean
Tejeros, Camila Jane
Villabesa, Rhea Bianca
Villamiel, Elaijah

Technological Institute of the Philippines

938 Aurora Boulevard, Cubao, Quezon City

Senior High School Department

October 2019
 Chapter 1

Introduction

This research presents the rationale or the objectives of the study. The chapter starts off

with the background of the study which is giving the overview of the problem, next is the

significance of the study where the researchers state the people that will benefit the

study and the last part consists of the scope and delimitation, it is where the concerns of

the study and the matters that will be excluded in the research can be found.

Background of the Study

Leadership, as defined by Cambridge dictionary, is the quality or ability that makes a

person a leader, or the position of being a leader. This word is not new to students as

they are exposed in leading with this, it is important to introduce students to leadership

at a young age (Evans, 2014). According to Ravasini, C. (2017), leading is important for

students for them to be able to experience working within teams and to identify and

achieve tasks effectively. However, many students nowadays are having a hard time

when it comes to leading. Most of the time student leaders were distracted by their

responsibility to perform well in the class thus, school leadership has an average but

significant indirect impact on academic performance (Mwangi, 2016). On the other hand,

there are also students who are incapable of leading even though they have the

potentials of a leader due to lack of experience. According to Allegheny College, student

leaders leave a lasting impression on the members of their organization therefore,

student leaders should have the qualities and skills to be able to handle a team.

Leadership may play a key role to improve the educational process and also to enhance
1
the student's academic achievement (Choi & Gil, 2017). In this thought, leadership has

great benefits that will help them improve themselves as leaders and students.

Due to this, the researchers chose this topic to know the effects of students' leadership

to their academic performance. The researchers want to know what the possible

outcomes of being a leader are and how it can adapt in the performance of the students

academically. The objective of the study is to discover the traits that a leader most likely

possesses as well as the problems that they encounter when it comes to leading. This

study will be beneficial to students since it aims to classify different leading attributes

and strategies in order for them to be a great leader while studying at the same time.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to know the relationship of the student’s leadership to his/her academic

performance. It seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the average grade of class officers?

1.1 First Grading Grades

2. What skills do the students possess to show their leadership performance level?

2.1 Communication skills

2.2 Decision-Making skills

2.3 Organizing skills

3. What is the relationship of leadership performance level to academic

performance of the students?

2
Research Hypothesis

Null hypothesis (H0): Student leadership has no relationship with the academic

performance of the students.

Alternative Hypothesis (H1): Student leadership has a relationship with the academic

performance of the students.

Scope and Delimitation

The researchers have identified the matters that concern and is included in the study,

these are the following:

 General Purpose. The study explores the average grade of the student in first

grading, the leadership performance level and the relationship of leadership to

the academic performance of the students.

 Subject Matter. The study focuses on providing information and discovering if the

leadership has an impact on the academic performance of the students.

 Locale of the study. The scope of the study is students from Technological

Institute of the Philippines-Quezon City only.

 Population. The study considers information from selected Grade 11 PM shift

classroom officers such as their name (optional), position and the average grade

of the student in first grading.

 Period or Duration. The study is expected to be done within three months within

the first semester of the school year 2019-2020.

3
The researchers have excluded the concern that has not been mention to the study and

have the boundaries in the following:

 General Purpose. This study is limited to the stated purpose only and other

matters that are not included in the general purpose will not concern the study.

 Subject Matter. The researcher focuses on the effects of leadership to the

academic performance of students. Any aspect that has not been mention is no

longer the concern of the researchers.

 Locale of the Study. The locale in the study is within in the Technological Institute

of the Philippines of Quezon City. On the other hand, the study is not cover in the

outside of the school premises.

 Population. The Grade 12 students and Grade 11 AM shift are not the concern in

the study and it is not considered as respondents. Furthermore, it excludes also

the specific age and gender.

 Period or Duration. The researchers expect to be done within 3 months in the

school year 2019-2020. The researchers avoid doing the study more than 3

months.

Significance of the Study

This research will benefit the following:

 Students and student leaders. The study will help the senior high school student

leaders to determine the relationship between leadership and academic

performance and how they affect each other in terms of balancing the

responsibility as a leader and as a student. This will also enlighten them to

4
 improve their leadership management and it will also provide knowledge on how

to become an effective leader. As well as to students, for them to be able to learn

on how to be a leader.

 Teachers. This study will provide information for the teachers to understand how

student leaders work and how they should guide them properly to improve

themselves to become a better student leader.

 School. In this study, the school will be able to produce a competent individual

such as senior high school students who can be one of the prides of the school.

Reputation of the school is needed for them to continue the service. And since

this study is all about the effects of student’s leadership to academic

performance, the school will be aware to those excellent students and get

encouraged to develop not only few students but more.

 Future researchers. The ideas presented may be used as reference data in

conducting new researches or in testing the validity of other related findings. The

findings of this study will also serve as their cross-reference that will give them a

background and an overview if student’s leadership affects the academic

performance.

Synthesis

Leadership plays a vital role in student’s development. In order for them to be a skilled

and prepared individual before entering into corporate world. However, there are some

who is still having a hard time in dealing with leadership such as difficulties in balancing

their roles and lack of experience. With this, the researchers considered their statement

of the problem that aims to know the effects of student's leadership responsibilities to

5
the student’s academic performance, that seeks to discover the traits that the student

leaders possess, if the academic performance help the student to be an effective leader

and if the student’s leadership affects his or her academic performance. This study is

only limited to the stated purpose and other matters that are not mentioned will not

concern the study. This study is beneficial to students and student leaders, teachers,

school and future researchers as well. Furthermore, the hypotheses that are included in

this chapter will stand as a guide in order for the researchers to attain the said objective.

6
 Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter presents the related literature and studies that were thoroughly reviewed

by this study’s researchers.

Student Leaders

According to the Lyceum of the Philippines University of Laguna (2015), a student

leader refers to an individual who acts as a leader to their fellow students and shows

sense of responsibility towards academics. When people hear the word "student

leaders" the first thing that comes out in mind are popular yet boastful leader while for

some are nerdy type of student in academics. But in fact, student leaders are known as

a “good balancer” because they can balance their responsibilities as a student, a child,

and a leader as well. Even though school is a place wherein "to learn" is the goal,

student leaders still accept such responsibility in serving their schoolmates.

As a student leader, they take in charge when it comes to duties. Being a student leader,

it needs a lot of time and effort and it takes responsibility and accountability (Quijada,

2017). It has the heart and passion when it comes on being a student leader, it is not

easy to balance your academics and also the time to yourself but it also gives

happiness on doing your role as a student leader.

As reported by Abrugar, V. (2012), leadership is not only for those people in politics,

leadership can be possessed by everyone. Leading starts inside and to enhance it, one

should engage in activities that can help to develop it. Being a leader is being a role

7
model as well. And by creating a leader, one can be able to pass the skill and the

knowledge and most importantly, the character of leading other people.

Importance of Student Leadership

The most effective way to make students prepared for the corporate world is through

leadership (Nelson, 2017). It boosts leadership skills, enables one person to work with a

team, gives prior leadership experience, build connections to other people, and creating

a role model.

According to Madison, J. (2018) student leadership is where the students most likely

develop their skills as a leader. Through boosting their self-confidence and developing

their ability to communicate without getting nervous. In other words, it allows students to

be ready and prepared in leading other people which they can use in the future.

Volunteer work is not supposed to be about suffering; it is supposed to be enriching, it is

supposed to feed your soul, and it can also be fun (Taus, 2017). Student leaders should

be open in completing tasks in time but still having fun and at the same time, being

passionate in doing the things as a student leader.

Relationship between Student Leadership and Academic Performance

In relationship between the academic performance and student leaders, their grades

have increased which results to an increase also to their rankings and there is also the

possibility to be a top notcher (Anderson & Lu, 2017). The student leaders’ fear is being

replaced if they will not make an effort when it comes to studying. Also, they don’t want

8
to disappoint their teachers because of the given role as a leader, they also hope that

they will get an achievement in their future leadership.

Effects of being a Student Leader

Being a student leader is a great opportunity to grow as a person even though it is kind

of a difficult task or duty (Maroni, 2013). It will expose one person into real-life situations

that can be applied into the corporate world. It also avoids a person in engaging into

excuses that might affect their productiveness. One also began to see opportunities in

every problem. Lastly, being a student leader is a long-term advantage wherein it

teaches one person not to settle for less but instead one should make an impact and do

their very best in every opportunity that are given.

Leadership is not about the traits or the title of a person. According to Bradberry T.

(2015), leadership is not about the power nor the authority, it is about the way to help an

individual to improve his or her behavior to achieve something good. In order to have an

effective leadership, you have to do everything you can and work hard for it so that you

can earn and declare it by yourself.

A leader should influence his or her members to act what is right so that they can

accomplish their specific purpose. Leadership is a process to change the behavior of an

individual in order to reach the goal of the organization (Nanjundeswaraswamy &

Swamy, 2014).

As stated by Ward S. (2019), leadership defines as the art of motivating other group

members to do or perform something in order to attain the common goal of a business

or organization. Its definition obtains the importance to encourage other people to

9
achieve their objectives. Leadership can be effective based on how the leader use his

or her ideas.

Leadership Traits of Students

According to Nartea (2016), leaders create influence and impact through possessing

high level degree of the leadership skills, honesty and integrity, desire to lead,

responsible decision making, achievement derive and creative thinking. The student

leaders possess best skills including performance of tasks competently and effectively,

acceptance and utilization of suggestions to improve performance and demonstration of

positive leadership qualities.

As stated by Chai (2015), student leaders who have the qualities that a leader should

have specially the quality of high integrity; most important quality of a leader, will be an

excellent leader in the future. They will generate the trust of their members, if they will

have the honesty and strong character to manage them. The student leaders possess

best skills including performance of tasks competently and effectively, acceptance and

utilization of suggestions to improve performance and demonstration of positive

leadership qualities (Jensen, 2017).

According to Duterte (2018), a leader should be an innate characteristic also action

speaks louder than words so a leader should do what he or she is saying. Lastly, a

leader should have sense and can express his or her thoughts and opinion to the

people around. These traits should be possessed to be an effective leader.

10
Strength and Weaknesses of a Leader

Students develop themselves and feel connected to the school environment through

leadership opportunities inside the school. A continuous building culture of student

leadership will help meet the academic needs of the students. Hence, it can strengthen

the community for learning as a whole (Frizzley, 2017). Moreover, conforming to

Rajbhandari (2013), applying the weaknesses the leader has been realized is important

to make their strength lead to personality development and attitude formation. Pushing

special abilities enhances in strengthening the weaknesses allows special students to

perform better which drives them to seek the need of adaption.

Factors Affecting Student Leadership

Educational experiences alone were not sufficient to pave the way to a leadership role

(Schweisfurth, Davies, Pe, Symaco, Valiente, & Robles, 2016). Providing a training

seminar to hold regular leadership for the student leaders will help them to adequately

learn better on how to become mature and effective leaders (Alviento, 2018).

Regardless of the nation or organization, leadership effectiveness is a factor that is

dependent on how well the followers have accepted the leader. This indicates that,

amongst the different challenges explored in this study, leadership effectiveness is not

only a challenge by itself but is also affected by other challenges, including leadership

practice and style (Ali Hassan, Gallear, & Sivarajah, 2018). Leadership competency

development is defined as the factors in improving student’s leadership whose elements

facilitates the performance in time in general. It is also the element that helps the

student to be capable in leading the class (Mozhgan & Jowkar, 2011).

11
The leadership and the leader's activity are strongly related with the organization,

surveillance, decision-making, and control of the collective actions. Competitive

activities enable students to develop leadership attitude and form education for

student's life preparation (Ahmad, 2015). Examining how students lead academic,

cultural, and gender roles influence will help to understand the leadership construction

of how to govern the councils. Furthermore, there is a form of leadership developed

within the framework of student councils in the Philippines through the figurative contact

between the leaders of the council and the rest of the students (Labor, 2017).

Effects of being a Leader in the Academic Performance

The top most factors leading to increased student's performance was revealed to be

involvement of teachers and students in decision making and collaborating with their

subordinates as well as provision of educational resources. Furthermore, democratic

leadership style had found to have significant relationship with students' academic

performance (Ofori, Tordzro, Prosper, & Ametefee, 2018). In addition, educational

leadership in the middle grades had a medium effect on student achievement while

there is a comprehensive effect in the elementary grades, however its effect in

secondary and mixed grade, was found not to be statistically significant. (Karagdağ &

Çoğaltay, 2015).

Aspects of Leadership

According to Sperling (2017), one of the steps to becoming an organized leader is to

have a set of goals that are prioritized. "Organization skills are about knowing what you

want, and then prioritizing your activities and planning your time around activities that
12
will help you achieve those goals. Great leaders know what is most important and know

how to get to that end goal." Furthermore, organizational skills can help to enhance

one's productivity, as well as to avoid wasting effort and conserve time in the process.

Well-organized leaders were able to meet their objectives and goals with greater ease.

They are more likely to be advantageous than other leaders who function haphazardly

(Yates, 2018). Moreover, in order to solidify positive organization skills and achieve

maximum effectiveness, leaders must understand and learn to show self-modeling of

behaviors, creating cultural expectations, and formally communicating cultural

expectations. Furthermore, leaders must effectively respond to instance of a breakdown

in mutual respect, rather than letting them go unaddressed. (Rihal, 2017)

Students make a big difference in terms of discipline and academic performance when

they are involved in decision making that directly concerns them. It helps them to

influence things that affects their performance as a student. (Atieno, 2017)

In accordance to Melgar (2018), student leaders should listen to the group members to

have the respect and also to build a positive relationship as a team. In addition to this,

Munnis (2017) stated that a student leader must know how to listen. If they don’t listen,

they will not receive feed backs and they would not know what others will think and the

problem may not be resolved. To continue, the second skill is to delegate, leaders must

delegate other tasks to members and as a leader, they must trust the valuable learning

experience of the group members and not to do it by themselves. Third, be open

minded to encourage members to speak confidently and to gather the ideas as a team.

Fourth is to be respectful to the members. And the last one is to be confident because

by having it leaders will gain the trust of their group members. As claimed by Stansbury
13
(2017), a student leader should listen to the intention of the members, speaking with

clarity and also the responsibility to work together, reflect, revise and also respond to

have the communication. In having communication skills, it is essential to have the

development.

Synthesis

Through the gathered information in the related literature and studies, the other

researchers come up with different conclusions and statements towards the problem.

However, they have the same goals that pertain to the study. They are able to

enumerate the factors, impacts and influences of student leadership in the academic

performance of class officers. And with this information, the researchers have a

background and serves as framework throughout the study.

Student leadership is where the students most likely develop their skills as a leader. It

has a great impact when it comes to academic performance of the students due to its

positive effect on the grade of the student. It also helps the student leaders to develop

themselves, improve the social skills and relationship to other members and also as a

leader, they tend to be generous and willing to serve.

However, educational experiences alone were not sufficient to pave the way to a

leadership role. Providing a training seminar to hold regular leadership for the student

leaders will help them to adequately learn better on how to become a mature and

effective leader. A continuous building culture of student leadership will help meet the

academic needs of the students. Hence, it can strengthen the community for learning as

a whole.

14
Conceptual Framework

Intervening Variable
Self-determination Theory

Independent Variable
Leadership Performance Level
1. Communication Skills Dependent Variable

2. Decision-Making skills Academic Performance

3. Organizing skills

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework / Research Paradigm

The conceptual framework shows that the student leadership affects the academic

performance of the student leaders. The intervening variable however is the causal link

of both variables. When student leaders work with his responsibilities and duties, the

motivation in his action can be seen that drives how he must perform well in leading as

well as in academics. The motivation must be whether autonomy, competence or

relatedness, in many leading skills people seen, many only focus on the input and

output of the action, but never tried to know the process, in which leaders balance

studying and leading, though each of them affects each other but what affects them the

most was the intervening variable since it is the link on how the academic performance

will be, according to the student leadership. Furthermore, the relation of the three

variables will now result on the impact of student's leadership to the academic

performance of the class officers, thus it is connected with an arrow.

15
Theoretical Framework

In this study, the researchers considered a body of theoretical and an empirical work

that analyzes the impact of student's leadership to the academic performance of the

students.

Self-determination theory is a theory of motivation proposed by the psychologists

Edward Deci and Richard Ryan (2000). According to this, in order to understand

motivation, it requires to know three basic human needs that are: autonomy which is the

urge to affect one’s life, competence which is the need to control the outcome and

experience mastery of something and relatedness which is the need to interact and feel

connected with others.

In relation to leadership, a student leader must know how to manage his or her

subordinates to achieve the outcome that they want to. Also, in leading, in order to

manage them well, you must interact with them, know your members, connect with

them to have a harmonious relationship. With this, a student leader who met the

following needs might be the reason for them to be motivated to do better not just in

leading but also in other areas specifically in their studies. In short, the more they are

motivated, the more they are determined that leads into their development as leaders.

Definition of Terms

 Grade 11. The respondents of the research.

 Student Leader. A student that lead other students. Also the target respondents

of the researcher.

16
 Class officers. an individual who have a position in class. The specific target

respondents of the research.

 Technological Institute of the Philippines - Quezon City. The location where the

study will be conducted.

 Student’s Leadership. The ability to handle or lead co-students.

 Academic Performance. It is an educational purpose of a student to get a higher

grade.

 Leading. The act of managing an organization or group.

 Leadership Strategies. A way or a technique on how one becomes an effective

leader to the people around them.

 Leadership Qualities. It is a trait or characteristic that a leader possesses. This

can be also helpful to the researchers to know their target respondent’s traits as

a student leader.

 Organizing skills. The ability to handle tasks and arrange them according to the

level of importance.

 Communicating skills. The ability of the leaders to socialize well and to

communicate with their members.

 Decision making skills. The ability to decide on important situations.

17
 Chapter 3

Research Methodology

This chapter presents the procedure used for securing the data in the study. This

includes the research design utilized, research settings such as locale, population and

sample size of the respondents, research subjects, the instrument used in gathering the

data, data collection and gathering procedure, and lastly, the statistical instruments

used.

Research Design

The researchers used quantitative research to the present study which is about the

relationship of student leadership to their academic performance. Quantitative research

is used to the objective and systemic empirical investigation of observable phenomena

through the use of computational techniques with the purpose of enlightening the

readers. A quantitative research uses “what” and “how” questions to get the information

and data from their respondents that are needed to the study.

Quantitative research focuses more on the data, the truth, the facts while on the other

hand, qualitative research digs deeper on the cause of the problem. Its approach is also

subjective and interpretive. (Barnham, 2015).

The researcher used correlational quantitative research to investigate the nature of

relationships, or associations between and among the variables without depth

investigation to the reason underlying them. The researchers conducted a correlational

18
research survey and used stratified random sampling technique in getting the

population sample.

Research Setting

The researchers conducted the study at Technological Institute of the Philippines-

Quezon City. It is a private non-sectarian stock school founded on 1962 which was

headed by Engineer Demetrio A. Quirino Jr. and Dr. Teresita U. Quirino. Wherein it

offers both College and Senior High School level and It caters four academic strands

namely: Accountancy and Business Management (ABM), Humanities and Social

Sciences (HUMSS), Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) and

Pre-Baccalaureate Maritime Strand (PBMS).

Research Subject

The study explores the average first grading grades of the students, their leadership

performance level and the relationship of student leadership to the academic

performance. It focuses on providing information and discovering if the two variables

affects each other. Stratified sampling was used to determine the sample size needed.

There are 47 sections in both Grade 11 AM and PM shifts from four academic strands.

The researcher divides the sections according to shifts and only selected the pm shift to

be part of the study. The respondents in this study then came from the 23 sections in

PM shift wherein each section had three students that answered the survey, which are

the president, vice president and secretary of each class. The total sample or

respondents are 69 students. Furthermore, the researcher considers the information

19
such as the respondents name (can be optional), position, and their average grade on

the first grading of the first semester.

Figure 2. Samples for each strand

Research Instruments

A survey questionnaire was used as an instrument by the researchers, it is an easy way

to gather data that is needed from the selected respondents. An Adverbs of Frequency

type of survey is what the researchers used, it consists of four different choices of

answer which are: always, usually, seldom and never also, the survey question is based

on the statement of the problem which is the main source on making the questionnaire

for the researchers to stay focused on the questions to be answered and it is adapted to

Maxwell, J. (1995) entitled “Developing the Leaders Around You”.

20
 Score Verbal Interpretation
1 Never
2 Seldom
3 Usually
4 Always

Table 1. Scoring Interpretation Guides on Student’s Leadership

Data Collection and Gathering Procedure

Different topics were suggested until the researchers came up with this that everybody

agreed on. The researchers formulated a research problem from the data gathered

through secondary sources. From the research problem, a survey question was

adapted as recommended by one of the validators and a validation of survey

questionnaire is done. After the validation of the questionnaires, a survey was

conducted. Correlation Analysis was used to analyze the data, if the variables have a

relationship or not, which was gathered from the survey questionnaire.

According to Dudovskiy (n.d.), correlation analysis is used to understand the nature of

relationships between two individual variables.

21
 Formulate Research Questions

Survey Questions

Validation of Survey Questions

Conduct Survey

Correlation Analysis

Interpretation and Discussion

Figure 3. Data Collection and Gathering Procedure

Statistical Treatment

Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient

Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient or also known as Spearman's Rho is a non-

parametric version of the Pearson correlation coefficient. It is used to determine the

strength or direction of a relationship between two sets of data.

22
Where:

Σ = the summation

n = number of data

d = difference in ranks

Weighted Mean

Weighted mean is one of the kinds of average. Only some data contribute more weight

than the other. It is very common in statistics. If all weights are equal it means that you

are already used to it.

Σ = the summation

w = the weights.

x = the value.

23
 Chapter 4

Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

This chapter presents the data gathered, the results of the statistical analysis and

interpretation of the findings. These are presented in tables and graphs following the

sequence of the specific research problem regarding the relationship of the student

leadership to the academic performance of selected class officers.

Statement of the Problem 1: What is the average grade of the class officers?

This seeks to know the average grade of the students on the first grading of the first

semester as a reflection of his or her performance inside the class. On the survey

questionnaire, the respondents were asked to check the box of their respective average

grades from 90 to 100, 85 to 89, 80 to 84, 75 to 79 and below 75. In can be noted in the

results that most students have an average grade ranging from 85 to 89 while none of

the respondents have an average of 75 below but one has an average of 75 to 79.

Grading Scale Frequency Percentage

90-100 24 35.82%

85-89 33 49.25%

80-84 9 13.43%

75-79 1 1.50%

Below 75 0 0

Total 67 100%

Table 2. The Average Grade of Grade 11 Senior High School Class Officers.

24
Statement of the Problem 2: What skills do the students possess to show their

leadership performance level?

This aims to know the traits and skills that the student possesses as a leader in order to

fully know if they are true leaders as per John Maxwell’s Leadership Assessment (1995).

The researchers categorized these skills into three, namely: Communication skills,

Organizing skills and Decision-making skills. Table 4 shows that the statement which

has the highest weighted mean is statement 10 (I understand people) with an average

of 3.52. On the other hand, the statement with the lowest mean is statement 1 (I

influence others) with an average of 2.66.

Verbal
Statements Weighted mean
Interpretation

1. I influence others. 2.66 Usually

3. I have a good track record. 3.27 Always

4. I have strong people skills. 2.96 Usually

9. I display a positive spirit. 3.43 Always

10. I understand people. 3.52 Always

11. I am free of personal problems. 2.70 Usually

13. I am free from anger. 2.78 Usually

18. I am accepted as a leader by others. 3.09 Usually

20. I have a manner that draws people. 3.04 Usually

24. I have the ability to develop other

3.12 Usually
leaders.

General Average 3.057 Usually

Table 3. Communications Skills.

25
Legend:

3.26 - 4.00 Always 1.76 - 2. 50 Seldom

2.51 - 3.25 Usually 1.00 - 1.75 Never

Through these results, it can be seen that most class officers share the same

characteristic of being understanding. As to what Munnis (2017) stated, leaders must be

open minded regarding his or her members. Because some will need encouragement in

order to fully show their capabilities and it is the leader’s responsibility to understand his

or her members feelings and situations. According to Maxwell, leadership is influence.

The respondents do not really influence others based on their answers. But as a student

leader, leadership without influence –isn’t (Myatt, 2012). So it is the characteristic that

the respondents must improve.

As shown at the table 4, the statement that has the highest weighted mean is statement

12 (I am willing to take responsibility) with an average of 3.53. While the statement that

has the lowest mean is statement 21 (I have a good self-image) with an average mean

of 3.06.

Verbal
Statement Weighted mean
Interpretation

2. I have self-discipline. 3.24 Usually

7. I see the big picture. 3.16 Usually

8. I have the ability to handle

3.07 Usually
stress.

12. I am willing to take

3.53 Always
responsibility.

26
 15. I have integrity. 3.43 Always

17. I am able to see what has to

3.39 Always
be done next.

21. I have a good self-image. 3.06 Usually

22. I have a willingness to serve

3.42 Always
others.

23. I have the ability to bounce

3.18 Usually
back when problems arise.

25. I take initiative 3.31 Always

General Average 3.28 Always

Table 4. Organizing Skills.

As leaders, it is natural to take responsibility in delegating tasks to members and

planning the way to do presentations. In accordance to Sperling (2017), leaders

prioritize more important activities and plan the time in which tasks should be done. It is

to save time and to achieve the goal of the group with ease. But having a good self-

image is something that the respondents lack. According to Strategic Essentials (2019),

individuals with a positive self-image possess the inner strength and courage required

for self-respect and self-confidence. A good self-image helps the student leader to be

confident in leading his or her members. Since it is the statement that has the lowest

mean, they will need to accept themselves to develop the stated characteristics by

strategic essentials.

Table 5 shows the statement which has the highest weighted mean is statement 19 (I

have the ability and desire to keep learning) with a mean of 3.69. On the other hand,

statement 6 (I do not accept the status quo.) has the lowest mean which is 2.60.

27
 Verbal
Statement Weighted mean
Interpretation

5. I have the ability to solve

3.15 Usually
problems.

6. I do not accept the status quo. 2.60 Usually

14. I am willing to make changes. 3.66 Always

16. I have strong values. 3.34 Always

19. I have the ability and the desire

3.69 Always
to keep learning.

General Average 3.29 Always

Table 5. Decision-making skills.

In order to make decision that would benefit the group or the class, a leader must have

enough information to come up to a decision. For Furlow (2017), the more information

that a leader has, the better the decision will be. But learning does not stop on doing the

decision, a leader may also learn after making the decision by seeing or knowing the

effect of the decision he or she made. Although leaders keep learning information

related to leading, some still prefer to do things like how they have done it before.

Furlow also stated that if a leader continues doing the same things or ways, the results

that they will get will always be the same as they don’t use new ideas.

Statement of the Problem 3: What is the relationship of leadership performance level

to academic performance of the students?

This ought to know if there is a relationship between the student leadership and their

academic performance.

28
 Figure 4. The Relationship between the Average Grades and Student Leadership.

The graph shows a parallel relationship towards student leadership skills and to their

respective grades. Based on the results given, the correlation (r) is about 0.5921 which

means that there is a moderately strong correlation between the two.

In relation to Anderson and Lu (2017), being appointed to leadership roles results to a

higher score and grade which means that student leadership helps the student to

perform well in academics and students who have good grades are more likely to be

effective leaders.

29
 Chapter 5

Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations

This chapter looks at the summary of findings, conclusions and recommendations for

future researchers.

Summary

This study aims to know if there is a relationship between student's leadership to the

academic performance of the students. Student's leadership divided into three aspects

namely: Communication skills, Decision-making skills, and Organizing skills. Based on

the survey results, class officers have common characteristics in which they tend to

understand other people, willingness to take the responsibility and ability and desire to

keep learning. However, they also have similar characteristics that need for

improvement such as being free for personal problems, ability to handle stress, and not

accepting status quo. On the other hand, 49.25% in the respondents grade was 85-89

(Very Satisfactory), followed by 35.82% which is 90-100 (Outstanding), 13.43% which is

80-84 (Satisfactory) and 1.50% which is 75-79 (Fairly Satisfactory). Based on the

results, there is a moderately strong relationship between Student Leadership and

Academic Performance.

30
Conclusion

From the analysis, it was found out that:

 Majority of the class officers have the ability to understand people, willingness to

take responsibility and the desire to keep learning.

 Most student weakest characteristics is being free from personal problems, ability to

handle stress and do not accept status quo.

 Most of the class officers possess moderate leadership skills.

 The average grade of the Class Officers mostly ranges to 85-89 (Very Satisfactory)

49.25%.

 There is a moderately strong relationship between the student leadership and

academic performance

 Class officers are academic achievers and students with good grades can be

leaders too.

The researchers conclude that student leaders perform well in academics. Also,

academic achievers can be a leader as long as they possess the characteristics of a

leader.

31
Recommendations

On the basis of the present study, some recommendations are drawn as follows:

Students and student leaders. The students and student leaders should work on their

weakest characteristics in order to improve their leadership skills and not to hinder their

responsibility as a student and as a student leader.

Teachers. The teachers should guide their students and council them regarding their

weakest characteristics.

School. The researchers recommend to give student leaders a reward in their excellent

way of handling their members and their academic performances.

Future researchers. The researchers recommend to the future researchers to add more

aspects of leadership to test in the study.

32
 Appendix A
Letter for Principal
September 16, 2019
BRENDA B. CORPUZ, PH.D.
Principal
Senior High School Department
Technological Institute of the Philippines

Dear Dr. Corpuz:

May we have the honor to ask permission to conduct our study entitled, "The
Relationship of Student's Leadership to the Academic Performance of Selected Grade
11 Senior High School Class Officers in Technological Institute of the Philippines
Quezon City for 1st Semester SY: 2019-2020." This is in partial fulfillment of the course
requirement in Practical Research 2 (RES 002).
The undersigned will utilize questionnaires and document reviews as instrument in
collecting essential data for the study.
The senior high school students are the participants for this research. All responses will
be treated with utmost confidentiality.
Hoping for your favorable approval in this regard. Thank you very much.

Respectfully yours,
Researchers
Balita, Melitte C. Tejeros, Camila
Moncada, Hanna Villabesa, Rhea
Muñoz, Aila Villamiel, Elaijah
Soriao, Glean

Noted by: Approved by:

Mr. Bernard O. Estioco Dr. Brenda B. Corpuz

Research Teacher Principal
 Appendix B
Letter for Respondents
September 16, 2019
Technological Institute of the Philippines
Quezon City
Dear Respondents,
Greetings!
We, the researchers from SH12ABM A2 are conducting a survey for our research entitled
The Relationship of Student's Leadership to the Academic Performance of Selected
Grade 11 Senior High School Class Officers in Technological Institute of the Philippines
Quezon City for 1st Semester SY: 2019-2020. We are hoping for your cooperation. Thank
You and God bless.
You are assured that every response made will be treated with utmost confidentiality and
will only be used for the study.

__I will participate.

__ I refuse to participate.

Respectfully yours,
The Researchers
Balita, Melitte C.
Moncada, Hanna
Muñoz, Aila
Soriao, Glean
Tejeros, Camila
Villabesa, Rhea
Villamiel, Elijah
Noted by:

Mr. Bernard O. Estioco

Research Teacher
 Appendix D
Raw Data

GRADE AND GRADE MEAN Rank Rank

SECTION (X) 1 2 3 4 (Y) (X) (Y) d d2
11 STEM B1 92 0 2 36 36 2.96 61.5 14.5 -47 2209
11 STEM B1 88 0 8 12 68 3.52 31.5 10.5 -21 441
11 STEM B1 87 1 8 51 12 2.88 -0.216777492 23.5 55 31.5 992.25
11 STEM B2 85 0 0 51 32 3.32 12.5 25.5 13 169
11 STEM B2 87 0 8 27 48 3.32 22 25 3 9
11 STEM B2 91 0 0 60 20 3.2 -0.944911183 50 29.5 -20.5 420.25
11 STEM B3 85 0 0 63 16 3.16 12 30.5 18.5 342.25
11 STEM B3 92 3 8 21 44 3.04 55 39.5 -15.5 240.25
11 STEM B3 90 0 4 27 56 3.48 -0.024387826 41 13 -28 784
11 STEM B4 90 1 8 33 36 3.12 40.5 31 -9.5 90.25
11 STEM B4 94 0 2 30 56 3.52 57 10 -47 2209
11 STEM B4 89 1 2 57 16 3.04 0.999423797 33 36 3 9
11 STEM B5 88 0 0 39 48 3.48 27 11.5 -15.5 240.25
11 STEM B5 91 0 0 27 64 3.64 44.5 4.5 -40 1600
11 STEM B5 90 0 4 60 12 3.04 0.070234695 38 33.5 -4.5 20.25
11 STEM B6 92 0 4 45 32 3.24 48.5 23.5 -25 625
11 STEM B6 87 0 4 9 80 3.72 20.5 1.5 -19 361
11 STEM B6 87 0 0 33 56 3.56 -0.944911183 20 6 -14 196
11 STEM B7 87 0 6 36 36 3.12 19.5 24.5 5 25
11 STEM B7 79 0 2 54 24 3.2 1 22 21 441
11 STEM B7 86 0 16 33 24 2.92 0.596039561 13.5 36 22.5 506.25
11 STEM B8 91 0 0 48 36 3.36 38 15 -23 529
11 STEM B8 87 0 6 66 0 2.88 17 35.5 18.5 342.25
11 STEM B8 84 0 12 54 4 2.8 0.9526832 7.5 38 30.5 930.25
11 STEM B9 91 0 0 42 44 3.44 35.5 10 -25.5 650.25
11 STEM B9 92 0 12 51 8 2.84 39 35.5 -3.5 12.25
11 STEM B9 80 0 4 51 20 3 -1 2 30 28 784
11 STEM B10 92 1 4 9 76 3.6 37.5 4.5 -33 1089
11 STEM B10 89 1 14 45 8 2.72 23.5 36 12.5 156.25
11 STEM B10 90 0 6 51 20 3.08 0.996344037 28.5 22 -6.5 42.25
11 STEM B11 91 0 2 30 56 3.52 32 5.5 -26.5 702.25
11 STEM B11 90 1 18 36 12 2.68 28 34 6 36
11 STEM B11 89 0 6 24 56 3.44 0.086279596 23 7.5 -15.5 240.25
11 STEM B12 85 0 4 39 40 3.32 8.5 13.5 5 25
11 STEM B12 91 0 6 60 8 2.96 28.5 27 -1.5 2.25
11 STEM B12 85 0 8 51 16 3 -0.585205736 8 24.5 16.5 272.25
11 STEM B13 81 2 10 45 12 2.76 4 28.5 24.5 600.25
11 STEM B13 88 0 10 45 20 3 15.5 24 8.5 72.25
11 STEM B13 87 1 14 42 12 2.76 0.609994281 11.5 27 15.5 240.25
11 STEM B14 85 0 20 42 0 2.48 6.5 27.5 21 441
11 STEM B14 87 1 12 30 32 3 10 23.5 13.5 182.25
11 STEM B14 80 1 30 15 16 2.48 1.5 26 24.5 600.25
11 STEM B15 91 2 6 27 44 3.16 21 16 -5 25
11 STEM B15 92 1 18 21 32 2.88 22 23 1 1
11 STEM B15 88 1 12 27 36 3.04 -0.319172527 11 20 9 81
11 STEM B16 89 0 2 30 56 3.52 13.5 5 -8.5 72.25
11 STEM B16 89 0 2 33 52 3.48 13 5 -8 64
11 STEM B16 91 0 4 36 44 3.36 -0.970725343 17.5 8.5 -9 81
11 ABM B1 89 0 18 18 40 3.04 12.5 16.5 4 16
11 ABM B1 93 0 6 42 36 3.36 17.5 8 -9.5 90.25
11 ABM B1 93 2 6 33 36 3.08 0.596039561 17 13.5 -3.5 12.25
11 ABM B2 87 0 0 24 68 3.68 8.5 2 -6.5 42.25
11 ABM B2 87 0 0 21 72 3.72 8 1 -7 49
11 ABM B3 87 0 4 39 40 3.32 7.5 7 -0.5 0.25
11 ABM B3 89 0 2 48 32 3.28 9 7 -2 4
11 ABM B3 84 0 4 30 52 3.44 -0.986241383 4 3 -1 1
11 ABM B4 81 0 4 36 44 3.36 2.5 4.5 2 4
11 ABM B4 85 1 4 21 64 3.6 3 2 -1 1
11 ABM B4 87 0 10 27 44 3.24 -0.142857143 4 4 0 0
11 HUMSS B1 90 1 0 39 44 3.36 6.5 3 -3.5 12.25
11 HUMSS B1 89 0 0 36 40 3.04 4.5 5 0.5 0.25
11 HUMSS B1 89 0 6 48 24 3.12 0.970725343 4 3 -1 1
11 HUMSS B2 91 1 4 42 24 2.84 5 5 0 0
11 HUMSS B2 86 0 10 27 40 3.08 -1 3 3 0 0
11 MARF B1 80 0 12 39 24 3 1 3 2 4
11 MARF B1 90 0 2 21 68 3.64 2 1 -1 1
11 MARF B1 81 0 4 33 48 3.4 0.838627869 1 1 0 0
Σ= 20442.5
R = 0.592096