API 571 EXAM CRACK SHEET

CORROSION MECHANISM DESCRIPTION

sudden rapid fracture under stress
(residual or applied) where the material
exhibits
BRITTLE FRACTURE little or no evidence of ductility or
plastic deformation.

at elevated temp ,
Graphitization carbide decomposition is called
graphicatization

Softening carbide forms large

(Spheroidization) agglomerated carbides

ductile-to-brittle transition at
Temper Embrittlement startup and shutdown

STRAIN AGING
 API 571 EXAM CRACK SHEET

AFFECTED UNITS OR EQUIPMENTS TEMP IN F

Eq. manufacture prior to asme bpvc priot to dec 1987 addenda
during auto refrigeration event
hydrotesting in ambient temp

hot wall piping

equipment in Fcc like coker,catalytic reformer 800-1100
boilingsurface tubing

hot wall piping and equipment in the FCC

, catalytic reforming and coker. 850-1400
Fired heater tubes in boilers

reactors, hot feed/effluent exchanger components, and hot HP

separators. 650-1070
catalytic reforming units (reactors and
exchangers), FCC reactors, coker and visbreaking units.
 AFFECTED MATERIAL PREVENTION INSPECTION METHOD
CS, LAS,400SS used material design for low inspect for preexist flaws defe
temp
periodic inspection at high stress
location
control pressure temp
perform pwht
perform warn pretest hydro

0.5Mo steel use CR Las for temp above 800 metallographics

Annealed steels are more

resistant to spheroidization than
CS,LAS,C-0.5Mo1CR-0,5Mo,1.25Cr- limit system pressure
normalized to about 25
steels
0.5Mo, 2.25Cr-1Mo, 3Cr-1Mo, percent of the maximum
Spheroidization design
is difficult to metallographics
5Cr-0.5Mo, and 9Cr-1Mo steels. pressure
prevent except by minimizing
MPT’s generally
long-term exposure range from
to elevated
350oF (171oC) for the earliest,
temperatures.
most highly temper embrittled
steels,
down to 125oF (52oC) or lower
2.25Cr-1Mo LAS, 3Cr-1Mo , and the for newer, temper embrittlement
high-strength low alloy resistant steels (as required to
Older generation 2.25Cr-1Mo also minimize effects of hydrogen
Cr-Mo-V rotor steels. embrittlement).
If weld repairs are required, the
effects of temper embrittlement
can be temporarily reversed
(de-embrittled) by heating at
1150°F (620°C) for two hours per
inch of thickness,
 CRITICAL FACTORS Appearance
presence of embrittling phases straight , non branching cracks,intragrancar cracks
+THICKMATERIAL

chemistry,sress,temp,time

Metal chemistry, microstructure,

exposure time, and temperature are critical
factors.

Alloy steel composition, thermal history, metal

temperature and exposure time
presence of the alloying elements
manganese and silicon, and the tramp
elements phosphorus, tin, antimony, and
arsenic