Alternating Current 24

1350 Alternating Current
Chapter
24
Alternating Current
Alternating Quantities (i or V) (i) The time taken to complete one cycle of variations is called the
periodic time or time period.
(1) An alternating quantity (current i or voltage V) is one whose (ii) Alternating quantity is positive for half the cycle and negative for
magnitude changes continuously with time between zero and a maximum the rest half. Hence average value of alternating quantity (i or V) over a
value and whose direction reverses periodically. complete cycle is zero.
(2) Some graphical representation for alternating quantities (iii) The value of alternating quantity is zero or maximum 2  times
i or V i or V every second. The direction also changes 2 times every second.
+ + (iv) Generally sinusoidal waveform is used as alternating
t current/voltage.
t
– – T
(v) At t  from the beginning, i or V reaches to their maximum
Sinusoidal
4
Triangular
value.
i or V
Important Values of Alternating Quantities
i or V
+ + (1) Peak value (i or V ) : The maximum value of alternating quantity (i
0 0
t t or V) is defined as peak value or amplitude.

–
(2) Mean square value ( V 2 or i 2 ) : The average of square of
Rectangular ac super imposed on dc instantaneous values in one cycle is called mean square value. It is always
Fig. 24.1 current or voltage varying as
(3) Equation for i and V : Alternating
1 T V02 i2
sine function can be written as positive for one complete cycle. e.g. V 2 
T 
0
V 2 dt 
2
or i2  0
2
2
i = i sint = i sin 2 t = i sin
0 0
t 0
(3) Root mean square (r.m.s.) value : Root of mean of square of
T voltage or current in an ac circuit for one complete cycle is called r.m.s.
2 value. It is denoted by V or i
and V  V0 sint  V0 sin 2t  V0 sin
rms rms
t
T T
 i dt 
2
where i and V are V0 or i0 Positive half i12  i22  ... i0
irms   i  2 0
i or V = 0.707 i = 70.7% i
Instantaneous values of cycle T
 dt
n
0 0
+ 2
current and voltage,
2
0

i and V are peak
0 0 0 t or  V0
values of current and T/4 Similarly Vrms   0 .707 V0  70.7 % of V
T/2 –
voltage Negative half 2
0
cycle
 = Angular T
 1
 sin ( t)  cos ( t)  2 
2 2
frequency in rad/ sec,  = Fig. 24.2
Frequency in Hz and T =  
time period
Alternating Current 1351
(i) The r.m.s. value of alternating current is also called virtual value or 2 V0
effective value. Similarly Vav   0.637 V0  63.7% of V .

0
(ii) In general when values of voltage or current for alternating circuits (5) Peak to peak value : It is equal to the sum of the magnitudes of
are given, these are r.m.s. value. positive and negative peak values
(iii) ac ammeter and voltmeter are always measure r.m.s. value. Values  Peak to peak value = V + V = 2V
0 0 0
printed on ac circuits are r.m.s. values.

 2 2 Vrms  2.828 Vrms
(iv) In our houses ac is supplied at 220 V, which is the r.m.s. value of
(6) Form factor and peak factor : The ratio of r.m.s. value of ac to it's
voltage. It's peak value is 2  200  311V. average during half cycle is defined as form factor. The ratio of peak value
and r.m.s. value is called peak factor
(v) r.m.s. value of ac is equal to that value of dc, which when passed
through a resistance for a given time will produce the same amount of heat Phase
as produced by the alternating current when passed through the same Physical quantity which represents both the instantaneous value and
resistance for same time. direction of alternating quantity at any instant is called it's phase. It's a
(4) Mean or Average value (i or V ) : The average value of alternating dimensionless quantity and it's unit is radian.
av av
quantity for one complete cycle is zero. If an alternating quantity is expressed as X  X 0 sin( t   0 ) then
The average value of ac over half cycle (t = 0 to T/2) the argument of sin( t   ) is called it's phase. Where  t =
T /2 instantaneous phase (changes with time) and 0 = initial phase (constant
iav 
 0
i dt

2i0
 0 .637i0  63.7 % of i ,
w.r.t. time)
T /2


0
dt
0
Table 24.1 : Some important values
Nature of wave Wave form r.m.s. average value Form factor Peak factor
form value r.m.s. value Peak value
Rf  Rp 
Average value r.m.s. value
Sinusoidal i or V
+
i0 2 
 2 i0  1 .11 2  1.41
0 2  2 2
–
Half wave
rectified
i0 i0 
 1 .57 2
2  2
Full wave
rectified i or V
+ + i0 2i0 
2
2  2 2
 2
Square or
i or V
Rectangular
+
i0 i0 1 1
(1) Phase difference (Phase constant) : The difference between the (2) Time difference : If phase difference between alternating current
phases of currents and voltage is called phase difference. If alternating and voltage is  then time difference between them is given as
voltage and current are given by V  V0 sin( t  1 ) and T
T.D.  
i  i0 sin( t   2 ) then phase difference  =  –  (relative to current) 1 2
2
or    2  1 (relative to voltage)
(3) Phasor diagram : A diagram representing alternating current and In dc circuits power is given by P = Vi. But in ac circuits, since there is
alternating voltage (of same frequency) as vectors (phasors) with the phase some phase angle between voltage and current, therefore power is defined
angle between them is called a phasor diagram. as the product of voltage and that component of the current which is in
While drawing phasor diagram for a pure element (e.g. R, L or C) phase with the voltage.
either of the current or voltage can be plotted along X-axis. Thus P  V i cos  ; where V and i are r.m.s. value of voltage and
But when phasor diagram for a combination of elements is drawn then current.
quantity which remains constant for the combination must be plotted along
(1) Instantaneous power : Suppose in a circuit V  V0 sin t and
X-axis so we observe that
i  i0 sin( t   ) then Pinstantane ous  Vi  V0 i0 sin t sin( t   )
(i) In series circuits current has to be plotted along X-axis.
(2) Average power (True power) : The average of instantaneous power
(ii) In parallel circuits voltage has to be plotted along X-axis. in an ac circuit over a full cycle is called average power. It's unit is watt i.e.
Measurement of Alternating Quantities V0 i0 1 V2 R
Pav  Vrms irms cos   . cos   V0 i0 cos   irms
2
R  rms2
Alternating current shows heating effect only, hence meters used for 2 2 2 Z
measuring ac are based on heating effect and are called hot wire meters (3) Apparent or virtual power : The product of apparent voltage and
(Hot wire ammeter and hot wire voltmeter) apparent current in an electric circuit is called apparent power. This is
Table 24.2 : Measurement of ac and dc Vi
always positive Papp  Vrms irms  0 0
2
ac measurement dc measurement
(1) All ac meters read r.m.s. value. (1) All dc meters read average value Power Factor
(2) All ac meters are based on (2) All dc meters are based on (1) It may be defined as cosine of the angle of lag or lead ( i.e.
heating effect of current. magnetic effect of current cos )
(3) Deflection in hot wire meters (3) Deflection in dc meters (2) It is also defined as the ratio of resistance and impedance ( i.e.
  irms
2  i R
)
Z
True power W kW
(3) The ratio    cos 
Apparent power VA kVA
(non-linear scale) (Linear scale) Resistive Circuit (R-Circuit)
R
(1) Current : i  i0 sin t
Impedance, Reactance, Admittance and Susceptance
V0 i
(1) Impedance (Z) : The opposition offered by ac circuits to the flow of (2) Peak current : i0 
R
ac through it is defined it's impedance. It’s unit is ohm().
(3) Phase difference between
(2) Reactance (X) : The opposition offered by inductor or capacitor or
both to the flow of ac through it is defined as reactance. It is of following voltage and current :  = 0 o
V  V0 sin t
two type
(4) Power factor : cos   1 Fig. 24.3
(i) Inductive reactance (X ) : Offered by inductive circuit
L
X L  L  2L  dc  0 so for dc, X = 0. V0 i0

L (5) Power : P  Vrms irms 
2
Capacitive reactance (X ) : Offered by capacitive circuit
(6) Time difference : T.D. = 0
C
1 1
XC   for dc X = .
C 2C (7) Phasor diagram : Both are in same phase
C
V0 Vrms V i
(3) Admittance (Y) : Z   Reciprocal of impedance is
i0 irms
Fig. 24.4
 1
known as admittance  Y  . It’s unit is mho
 Z Inductive Circuit (L-Circuit)
(4) Susceptance (S) : the reciprocal of reactance is defined as  L

 1 (1) Current : i  i0 sin   t  
susceptance  S  . It is of two type  2
 X  i
(2) Peak current :
1 1
(i) inductive susceptance S L   and V0 V V0
X L 2 L i0   0 
XL L 2L
(ii) Capacitive susceptance, S C 
1
  C  2 C . V  V0 sin t
XC (3) Phase difference between
Fig. 24.5
Power in ac Circuits
 (4) Peak current i0 

V0

V0

V0
voltage and current   90 o (or  )
2 Z R  2
X L2 R  4 2 2 L2
2
(4) Power factor : cos   0 XL L

(5) Phase difference :   tan 1  tan 1
(5) Power : P = 0 R R
R
(6) Time difference : T.D. 
T (6) Power factor : cos  
4 R 2  X L2
 (7) Leading quantity : Voltage

(7) Phasor diagram : Voltage leads the current by
2
V V Resistive, Capacitive Circuit (RC-Circuit)
90o
90o or R C
V = iR, VR
i i
R
V = iX  i
VR VC C C
Fig. 24.6
i VC
Capacitive Circuit (C-Circuit) V
  C
(1) Current : i  i0 sin  t   V  V0 sin  t
 2 Fig. 24.10
(2) Peak current : i (1) Applied voltage : V  VR2  VC2
V0  1 
2
i0   V0 C  V0 (2 C) (2) Impedance : Z  R 2  X C2  R 2   
XC
 C 
V  V0 sin t
(3) Phase difference between
Fig. 24.7
(3) Current : i  i0 sin  t   
 V0
voltage and current :   90 o (or  ) (4) Peak current : i0 
V0

V0

2 Z R  2
X C2 R2 
1
(4) Power factor : cos   0 4  C 2
2 2
XC 1
(5) Power : P = 0 (5) Phase difference :   tan 1  tan 1
R CR
T
(6) Time difference : TD  (6) Power factor : cos  
R
4
R  X C2
2
(7) Phasor diagram : Current leads the voltage by /2 (7) Leading quantity : Current
i Inductive, Capacitive Circuit (LC-Circuit)
i
90o or
L C
90o VL
V
V V= (VL – VC)
Fig. 24.8 VL VC V = iX ,
L L
90o
Resistive, Inductive Circuit (RL-Circuit) i V = iX C C
VC i
R L
V = iR ,
R VL V V  V0 sin  t
VR VL V = iX Fig. 24.11
i
L L
 (1) Applied voltage : V  VL  VC

VR i (2) Impedance : Z  X L  X C  X
V  V0 sin  t  
Fig. 24.9 (3) Current : i  i0 sin  t  
(1) Applied voltage : V  VR2  VL2  2
V0 V0 V0
(2) Impedance : Z  R 2  X L2  R 2   2 L2  R 2  4 2 2 L2 (4) Peak current : i0   
Z X L  XC  L
1
C
(3) Current : i  i0 sin  t   
(5) Phase difference :  = 90 o
(6) Power factor : cos   0 (10) Half power frequencies and band width : The frequencies at which
the power in the circuit is half of the maximum power (The power at
(7) Leading quantity : Either voltage or current resonance), are called half power frequencies.
Series RLC-Circuit 1
(i) The current in the circuit at half power frequencies (HPF) is or
R L C 2
VL 0.707 or 70.7% of maximum current (current at resonance).
(VL – VC) V
VR VL VC Pmax
i i
 Pmax
P
P 2
VR i
V = V0 sint VC
VR = iR, VL = iXL, VC = iXC Phasor diagram
1 0 2 
(ii) There are two half power frequencies
Fig. 24.12 Fig. 24.13
(1) Equation of current : i  i0 sin( t   ) ; where i0 
V0 (a)  1  called lower half power frequency. At this frequency the
Z circuit is capacitive.
(2) Equation of voltage : From phasor diagram
(b)  2  called upper half power frequency. It is greater than  0 .
V VR2  (VL  VC ) 2 At this frequency the circuit is inductive.
(3) Impedance of the circuit : (iii) Band width () : The difference of half power frequencies  1 and
2
 2 is called band width () and   2  1 . For series resonant
 1 
Z  R 2  ( X L  X C )2  R 2   L   R
 C  circuit it can be proved    
L
(4) Phase difference : From phasor diagram
(11) Quality factor (Q-factor) of series resonant circuit
1 1
 L 2 L  (i) The characteristic of a series resonant circuit is determined by the
VL  VC X  XC C 2 C
tan    L   quality factor (Q - factor) of the circuit.
VR R R R
(ii) It defines sharpness of i -  curve at resonance when Q - factor is
(5) If net reactance is inductive : Circuit behaves as LR circuit large, the sharpness of resonance curve is more and vice-versa.
(6) If net reactance is capacitive : Circuit behave as CR circuit (iii) Q - factor also defined as follows
(7) If net reactance is zero : Means X  X L  X C  0 Max. energy stored
Q - factor  2 
Energy dissipation
 X = X . This is the condition of resonance
L C
(8) At resonance (series resonant circuit) 2 Max. energy stored Resonant frequency  0
   
T Mean power dissipated Band width 
(i) X = X  Z = R i.e. circuit behaves as resistive circuit
L C min
VL V  L 1
(ii) V = V  V = V i.e. whole applied voltage appeared across the (iv) Q - factor  or C  0 or
resistance
L C R
VR VR R 0 CR
(iii) Phase difference :  = 0  p.f. = cos  = 1o

1 L
 Q - factor 
R C
1
(iv) Power consumption P = V i  rms rms
V0 i0
2 R=0
i
Q - factor = Infinity
V0
(v) Current in the circuit is maximum and it is i0 
R R = Very low
Q- factor = Large
(vi) These circuit are used for voltage amplification and as selector R = low
circuits in wireless telegraphy. Q- factor = Normal
(9) Resonant frequency (Natural frequency) R = High
Q- factor = Low
At resonance X L  X C   0 L 
1
 0 
1 rad 0 
0 C LC s e c Resonance curve
1 Fig. 24.14
 0  Hz (or cps) Parallel RLC Circuits
2 LC
V0
(Resonant frequency doesn't depend upon the resistance of the circuit) iR   V0 G
R i iR iL iC
V = V0 sint
R L C
Fig. 24.15
V0 1 1
iL   V0 S L (e) Quality factor of the circuit  . In the state of
.
XL 1 R2 CR

V0 LC L2
iC   V0 S C resonance the quality factor of the circuit is equivalent to the current
XC
amplification of the circuit.
(1) Current and phase difference : From phasor diagram current
(ii) If inductance has no resistance : If R = 0 then circuit becomes
i  iR2  (iC  iL )2 and phase difference iC parallel LC circuit as shown
i L
1 (iC  iL ) (S  S L ) i
  tan  tan 1 C iC
iR G
 C
iR V 
iL V
iR
(2) Admittance (Y) of the circuit : From iL
Fig. 24.16 V = V0 sint
equation of current
Fig. 24.18
2
V
2 V V
V0 V  V  Condition of resonance : iC  iL  
  0    0  0  XC XL
Z  R   L
X X C 
 X C  X L . At resonance current i in the circuit is zero and
2
 1 
2
1 1 1
impedance is infinite. Resonant frequency :  0 
1
  Y         G 2  (S L  S C )2

Hz
Z R  XL XC  2 LC
Wattless Current
(3) Resonance : At resonance (i) iC  iL  imin  iR
In an ac circuit R = 0  cos = 0 so P = 0 i.e. in resistance less circuit
av
V V
(ii)   S C  S L  S  0 the power consumed is zero. Such a circuit is called the wattless circuit and
XC X L the current flowing is called the wattless current.
V or
(iii) Z max  R
iR The component of current which does not contribute to the average
power dissipation is called wattless current
(iv)   0  p.f. = cos = 1 = maximum
(i) The average of wattless component over one cycle is zero
1 (ii) Amplitude of wattless current = i sin
(v) Resonant frequency    0
2 LC
i0
(4) Parallel LC circuits : If inductor has resistance (R) and it is and r.m.s. value of wattless current = irms sin  sin .
2
connected in parallel with capacitor as shown
V
(i) At resonance i cos
R L
C 
i
i
i sin 
V = V0 sint
Fig. 24.19
1 L Fig. 24.17 It is quadrature (90 ) with voltage.
(a) Z max  
o
Y min CR
Choke Coil
V CR
(b) Current through the circuit is minimum and imin  0 Choke coil (or ballast) is a device having high inductance and
L
negligible resistance. It is used to control current in ac circuits and is used
1 1 in fluorescent tubes. The power loss in a circuit containing choke coil is
(c) S L  S C    X 
XL XC least.
1 R 2 rad Iron core

(d) Resonant frequency 0   2 or
LC L sec
1 1 R2 L
0   2 Hz (Condition for parallel resonance is R  ) Starter
2 LC L C
Coil of Cu wire Choke
coil
L, R
Application of choke coil
Choke coil
Fig. 24.20
(1) It consist of a Cu coil wound over a soft iron laminated core.

Alternating Current, Voltage and Power
(2) Thick Cu wire is used to reduce the resistance (R) of the circuit.
(3) Soft iron is used to improve inductance (L) of the circuit. 1. The power is transmitted from a power house on high voltage ac
because [CPMT 1984, 85]
(4) The inductive reactance or effective opposition of the choke coil is (a) Electric current travels faster at higher volts
given by X =  L = 2 L
L
(b) It is more economical due to less power wastage
(5) For an ideal choke coil r = 0, no electric energy is wasted i.e. (c) It is difficult to generate power at low voltage
average power P = 0. (d) Chances of stealing transmission lines are minimized
(6) In actual practice choke coil is equivalent to a R – L circuit.
(7) Choke coil for different frequencies are made by using different
substances in their core.
For low frequency L should be large thus iron core choke coil is used.
For high frequency ac circuit, L should be small, so air cored choke coil is
used.
 If ac is produced by a generator having a large number of poles

then it's frequency
Number of poles  rotation per second P n
 
2 2
Where P is the number of poles; n is the rotational frequency of
the coil.
 Alternating current in electric wires, bulbs etc. flows 50 times in
one direction and 50 times in the opposite direction in 1 second. Since in
one cycle the current becomes zero twice, hence a bulb lights up 100
times and is off 100 times in one second (50 cycles) but due to
persistence of vision, it appears lighted continuously.
 ac is more dangerous than dc.
 The rate of change of ac is minimum at that instant when they are
near their peak values.
 ac equipments such as electric motors, are more durable and
convenient compared to dc equipments.
 Skin Effect
A direct current flows uniformly throughout the cross-section of the
conductor. An alternating current, on the other hand, flows
mainly along the surface of the conductor. This
effect is known as skin effect. the reason is that
when alternating current flows through a 
conductor, the flux changes in the inner part of
the conductor are higher. Therefore the
I =0
inductance of the inner part is higher than that ac
of the outer part. Higher the frequency of

alternating current, more is the skin effect.
The depth upto which ac current flows through a wire is called skin
depth ().
2. The potential difference V and the current i flowing through an E0 E0

instrument in an ac circuit of frequency f are given by (c) (d)
 2
V  5 cos  t volts and I = 2 sin t amperes (where  = 2f). The
power dissipated in the instrument is 12. The peak value of 220 volts of ac mains is
[CPMT 1977, 80; MP PET 1999] [CPMT 1990; MP PMT 1999; MP PET 2000; RPET2001]
(a) Zero (b) 10 W (a) 155.6 volts (b) 220.0 volts

(c) 5 W (d) 2.5 W (c) 311.0 volts (d) 440 volts
3. In an ac circuit, V and I are given by 13. A sinusoidal ac current flows through a resistor of resistance R. If
the peak current is I p , then the power dissipated is
 
V = 100 sin (100 t) volts, I  100 sin 100 t   mA . The power [MP PMT 1991]
 3
dissipated in circuit is 1 2
(a) Ip2 R cos  (b) Ip R
[MP PET 1989; RPET 1999; MP PMT 1999, 2002] 2
(a) 10 watt
4
(b) 10 watt 4 1
(c) I p2 R (d) I p2 R
(c) 2.5 watt (d) 5 watt  
4. Alternating current can not be measured by dc ammeter because 14. A 40 [AIEEE 2004]
electric heater is connected to a 200 V, 50 Hz mains supply.
(a) ac cannot pass through dc ammeter The peak value of electric current flowing in the circuit is
approximately [MP PET 1992]
(b) Average value of complete cycle is zero
(a) 2.5 A (b) 5.0 A
(c) ac is virtual
(c) 7 A (d) 10 A
(d) ac changes its direction
15. The frequency of ac mains in India is
5. The resistance of a coil for dc is in ohms. In ac, the resistance [CPMT 1987]
[NCERT 1974; MP PMT/PET 1988; RPMT 1997; RPET 2000]
(a) Will remain same (b) Will increase
(a) 30 c/s or Hz (b) 50 c/s or Hz
(c) Will decrease (d) Will be zero (c) 60 c/s or Hz (d) 120 c/s or Hz
6. If instantaneous current is given by i  4 cos ( t   ) amperes, 16. The r.m.s. value of an ac of 50 Hz is 10 amp. The time taken by the
then the r.m.s. value of current is [RPET 2000] alternating current in reaching from zero to maximum value and the
peak value of current will be
(a) 4 amperes (b) 2 2 amperes [MP PET 1993; KCET 2003]
(a) 2  10 sec and 14.14 amp
–2
(c) 4 2 amperes (d) Zero amperes

(b) 1  10 sec and 7.07 amp
–2
7. In an ac circuit, peak value of voltage is 423 volts. Its effective

voltage is [JIPMER 1997] (c) 5  10 sec and 7.07 amp
–3
(a) 400 volts (b) 323 volts (d) 5  10 sec and 14.14 amp
–3
(c) 300 volts (d) 340 volts 17. The root mean square value of the alternating current is equal to
8. In an ac circuit I = 100 sin 200 t. The time required for the current (a) Twice the peak value
to achieve its peak value will be [DPMT 2003] (b) Half the peak value
1 1 1
(a) sec (b) sec (c) times the peak value
100 200 2
1 1 (d) Equal to the peak value
(c) sec (d) sec 18. The peak value of an alternating e.m.f. E is given by
300 400
E  E0 cos  t is 10 volts and its frequency is 50 Hz. At
9. The peak value of an Alternating current is 6 amp, then r.m.s. value
of current will be 1
time t  sec , the instantaneous e.m.f. is
600
(a) 3 A (b) 3 3 A [MP PMT 1990; MP PET 2004]
(c) 3 2A (d) 2 3A (a) 10 V (b) 5 3 V
10. A generator produces a voltage that is given by V  240 sin120 t , (c) 5 V (d) 1 V
where t is in seconds. The frequency and r.m.s. voltage are[MP PET 1993; MP PMT 1990]  
19. If a current I given by I0 sin   t   flows in an ac circuit
(a) 60 Hz and 240 V (b) 19 Hz and 120 V  2
(c) 19 Hz and 170 V (d) 754 Hz and 70 V across which an ac potential of E  E0 sin t has been applied,
11. If E0 represents the peak value of the voltage in an ac circuit, the then the power consumption P in the circuit will be
r.m.s. value of the voltage will be [CPMT 1986; Roorkee 1992; SCRA 1996;
[CPMT 1972; MP PMT 1996] MP PMT 1994; RPET 2001; MP PET 2001, 02]
E0 E0 E0 I0
(a) (b) (a) P (b) P  2 E0 I0
 2 2
E0 I0 28. The r.m.s. voltage of domestic electricity supply is 220 volt .
(c) P (d) P = 0 Electrical appliances should be designed to withstand an
2
instantaneous voltage of
20. In an ac circuit, the instantaneous values of e.m.f. and current are e
(a) 220 V (b) 310 V
 
= 200 sin 314 t volt and i  sin  314 t   ampere. The average (c) 330 V (d) 440 V
 3
power consumed in watt is 29. The process by which ac is converted into dc is known as
[NCERT 1990; RPMT 1997] (b) Purification (b) Amplification
(a) 200 (b) 100 (c) Rectification (d) Current amplification
(c) 50 (d) 25 30. In an ac circuit with voltage V and current I, the power dissipated is
[CBSE PMT 1997]
21. An ac generator produced an output voltage (a) VI
E  170 sin 377 t volts , where t is in seconds. The frequency of
1
ac voltage is [MP PET 1994] (b) VI
2
(a) 50 Hz (b) 110 Hz
1
(c) 60 Hz (d) 230 Hz (c) VI
2
22. In general in an alternating current circuit [MP PMT 1994]
(d) Depends on the phase between V and I
(a) The average value of current is zero
(b) The average value of square of the current is zero 31. For an ac circuit V  15 sint and I  20 cos t the average
power consumed in this circuit is [RPET 1999]
(c) Average power dissipation is zero
(a) 300 Watt (b) 150 Watt
(d) The phase difference between voltage and current is zero (c) 75 Watt (d) zero
23. An alternating current is given by the equation 32. A bulb is connected first with dc and then ac of same voltage then it
i  i1 cos  t  i2 sin t . The r.m.s. current is given by will shine brightly with [RPET 2000]
(a) AC
[MP PMT 1994]
(b) DC
1 1
(a) (i1  i2 ) (b) (ii  i2 )2 (c) Brightness will be in ratio 1/1.4
2 2 (d) Equally with both
1 1 2 2 1/2 33. An ac supply gives 30 V r.m.s. which passes through a 10 
(c) (i12  i22 )1 / 2 (d) (i1  i2 ) resistance. The power dissipated in it is [AMU (Med.) 2001]
2 2
(a) 90 2 W (b) 90 W
 
24. In an ac circuit, the current is given by i  5 sin 100 t   and
 2 (c) 45 2 W (d) 45 W
the ac potential is V  200 sin(100) volt. Then the power 34. The frequency of an alternating voltage is 50 cycles/sec and its
consumption is amplitude is 120V. Then the r.m.s. value of voltage is
[BHU 1999; MH CET (Med.) 2001;
[CBSE PMT 1995; MH CET 1999; CPMT 2002]
KCET (Med.) 2001; MH CET 2003]
(a) 20 watts (b) 40 watts
(a) 101.3V (b) 84.8V
(c) 1000 watts (d) 0 watt (c) 70.7V (d) 56.5V
25. An electric lamp is connected to 220 V, 50 Hz supply. Then the 35. A resistance of 20 ohms is connected to a source of an alternating
peak value of voltage is [AFMC 1996] potential V  220 sin(100t) . The time taken by the current to
(a) 210 V (b) 211 V change from its peak value to r.m.s value is
(c) 311 V (d) 320 V [MP PET 2001]
26. In a circuit, the value of the alternating current is measured by hot (a) 0.2 sec (b) 0.25 sec
wire ammeter as 10 ampere. Its peak value will be 3
(c) 25  10 sec (d) 2.5  10 3 sec
[MP PET 1996; AMU (Med.) 1999;
36. Voltage and current in an ac circuit are given by
KCET (Engg./Med.) 2000; CPMT 2003]
   
(a) 10 A (b) 20 A V  5 sin100t   and I  4 sin  100t  
 6  6
(c) 14.14 A (d) 7.07 A
[Kerala PET 2001]
27. The voltage of domestic ac is 220 volt. What does this represent [MP PMT 1996]
o
(a) Mean voltage (a) Voltage leads the current by 30
(b) Peak voltage
(b) Current leads the voltage by 30 o
(c) Root mean voltage
(d) Root mean square voltage (c) Current leads the voltage by 60 o
(d) Voltage leads the current by 60 o

37. If an ac main supply is given to be 220 V. What would be the average (a) 70.7 V (b) 100 V
e.m.f. during a positive half cycle [MH CET 2002] (c) 500 V (d) 707 V
(a) 198V (b) 386V
(c) 256V (d) None of these ac Circuits
1. Choke coil works on the principle of [MP PET/PMT 1988]
38. In an ac circuit, the r.m.s. value of current, I is related to the peak
rms
current, I by the relation

0
[AFMC 2002] (a) Transient current (b) Self induction
(c) Mutual induction (d) Wattless current
1 1
(a) Irms  I0 (b) Irms  I0 2. A choke coil has [RPET 1999; AIIMS 1999]
 2
(a) High inductance and low resistance
(c) Irms  2I0 (d) Irms  I0 (b) Low inductance and high resistance
(c) High inductance and high resistance
39. An alternating voltage is represented as E  20 sin300t. The
(d) Low inductance and low resistance
average value of voltage over one cycle will be
3. Choke coil is used to control [CPMT 1984]
[MP PMT 2002]
(a) ac (b) dc
(a) Zero (b) 10 volt (c) Both ac and dc (d) Neither ac nor dc
20 4. Current in the circuit is wattless, if
(c) 20 2 volt (d) volt
2 (a) Inductance in the circuit is zero
(b) Resistance in the circuit is zero
40. The ratio of peak value and r.m.s value of an alternating current is [MP PMT 2002]
(c) Current is alternating
1 (d) Resistance and inductance both are zero
(a) 1 (b)
2 5. The phase angle between e.m.f. and current in LCR series ac circuit
is [MP PMT/PET 1998]
(c) 2 (d) 1 / 2
(a) 0 to  / 2 (b)  / 4
41. A 280 ohm electric bulb is connected to 200V electric line. The peak
value of current in the bulb will be (c)  / 2 (d) 
6. A choke coil is preferred to a rheostat in ac circuit as
[MP PET 2002]
(a) It consumes almost zero power
(a) About one ampere (b) Zero
(b) It increases current
(c) About two ampere (d) About four ampere
(c) It increases power
42. An ac source is rated at 220V, 50 Hz. The time taken for voltage to (d) It increases voltage
change from its peak value to zero is
7. An alternating e.m.f. is applied to purely capacitive circuit. The
[Orissa JEE 2003]
phase relation between e.m.f. and current flowing in the circuit is
(a) 50 sec (b) 0.02 sec or
(c) 5 sec (d) 5  10 3 sec In a circuit containing capacitance only
[MP PET 1996; AIIMS 1997]
43. If the value of potential in an ac, circuit is 10V, then the peak value
of potential is [CPMT 2003] (a) e.m.f. is ahead of current by  / 2
(a)
10
(b) 10 2 (b) Current is ahead of e.m.f. by  / 2
2 (c) Current lags behind e.m.f. by 
(c) 20 2 (d)
20 (d) Current is ahead of e.m.f. by 
2 8. An ac source is connected to a resistive circuits. Which of the
44. A lamp consumes only 50% of peak power in an a.c. circuit. What is following is true [CPMT 1985]
the phase difference between the applied voltage and the circuit (a) Current leads the voltage and both are in same phase
current [MP PMT 2004]
(b) Current lags behind the voltage and both are in same phase
  (c) Current and voltage are in same phase
(a) (b)
6 3 (d) Any of the above may be true depending upon the value of
  resistance
(c) (d) 9. The average power dissipated in a pure inductor of inductance L
4 2
when an ac current is passing through it, is
45. If an alternating voltage is represented as
[CPMT 1974; RPMT 1997; MP PET 1999]
E  141 sin(628 t), then the rms value of the voltage and the
1 2 1 2
frequency are respectively [Kerala PET 2005] (a) LI (b) LI
2 4
(a) 141V , 628 Hz (b) 100 V , 50 Hz
(c) 2 Li 2 (d) Zero
(c) 100 V, 100 Hz (d) 141V, 100 Hz
(Inductance of the coil L and current I)
46. The maximum value of a.c. voltage in a circuit is 707V. Its rms value
is [MP PET 2005]
10. An alternating current of frequency ' f ' is flowing in a circuit (d) Is in phase with the e.m.f.
containing a resistance R and a choke L in series. The impedance of 19. A 20 volts ac is applied to a circuit consisting of a resistance and a
this circuit is coil with negligible resistance. If the voltage across the resistance is
[CPMT 1978; MP PMT 1993; MP PET 1999; 12 V, the voltage across the coil is
AIIMS 2000; Pb. PET 2004; RPET 2001, 03] [MP PMT 1989; RPMT 1997]
(a) R + 2fL (b) R  4 f L

2 2 2 2 (a) 16 volts (b) 10 volts
(c) 8 volts (d) 6 volts
(c) R 2  L2 (d) R 2  2fL
1
20. A resistance of 300  and an inductance of henry are
11. A resonant ac circuit contains a capacitor of capacitance 10 6 F 
and an inductor of 10 4 H . The frequency of electrical oscillations connected in series to a ac voltage of 20 volts and 200 Hz frequency.
will be The phase angle between the voltage and current is
(a) 10 5 Hz (b) 10 Hz 4 3
(a) tan 1 (b) tan 1
5 3 4
10 10
(c) Hz (d) Hz
2 2 (c) tan 1
3
(d) tan 1
2
12. Power delivered by the source of the circuit becomes maximum, 2 5
when [DCE 2004] 21. The power factor of LCR circuit at resonance is
1
(a) L  C (b) L  [MP PMT 1991; RPMT 1999; RPET 2001; UPSEAT 1999]
C (a) 0.707 (b) 1
2
 1  (c) Zero (d) 0.5
(c) L     (d) L  C
 C  22. An inductance of 1 mH a condenser of 10 F and a resistance of 50
13. An alternating voltage is connected in series with a resistance R and  are connected in series. The reactances of inductor and
an inductance L If the potential drop across the resistance is 200 V condensers are same. The reactance of either of them will be
and across the inductance is 150 V, then the applied voltage is [CPMT 1990]
(a) 100  (b) 30 
(a) 350 V (b) 250 V
(c) 3.2  (d) 10 
(c) 500 V (d) 300 V
23. The natural frequency of a L-C circuit is equal to
14. An inductive circuit contains resistance of 10  and an inductance [CPMT 1978, 97]
of 20 H. If an ac voltage of 120 V and frequency 60 Hz is applied to
1 1
this circuit, the current would be nearly (a) LC (b)
2 2 LC
(a) 0.32 amp (b) 0.016 amp
(c) 0.48 amp (d) 0.80 amp 1 L 1 C
(c) (d)
15. Same current is flowing in two alternating circuits. The first circuit 2 C 2 L
contains only inductance and the other contains only a capacitor. If
the frequency of the e.m.f. of ac is increased, the effect on the value 24. An alternating voltage E  200 2 sin(100 t) is connected to a 1
of the current will be [MP PET 1993] microfarad capacitor through an ac ammeter. The reading of the
(a) Increases in the first circuit and decreases in the other ammeter shall be [NCERT 1984; MNR 1995;
MP PET 1999; RPET 1999; UPSEAT 2000]
(b) Increases in both the circuits
(a) 10 mA (b) 20 mA
(c) Decreases in both the circuits
(d) Decreases in the first circuit and increases in the other (c) 40 mA (d) 80 mA
25. An ac circuit consists of an inductor of inductance 0.5 H and a
16. A capacitor is a perfect insulator for
capacitor of capacitance 8 F in series. The current in the circuit is
(a) Alternating currents (b) Direct currents maximum when the angular frequency of ac source is
(c) Both ac and dc (d) None of these
(a) 500 rad/sec (b) 2  10 rad/sec5
17. In a circuit containing an inductance of zero resistance, the e.m.f. of

(c) 4000 rad/sec (d) 5000 rad/sec
the applied ac voltage leads the current by
26. The average power dissipation in a pure capacitance in ac circuit is [DPMT 198
[CPMT 1990]
(a) 90 (b) 45 1
(a) CV 2 (b) CV 2
o o
2
(c) 30 o
(d) 0 o
18. In a pure inductive circuit or In an ac circuit containing inductance 1

(c) CV 2 (d) Zero
only, the current 4
[MP PMT 1993; CPMT 1996; Kerala PET 2002] 27. In a region of uniform magnetic induction B  10 2 tesla , a
(a) Leads the e.m.f. by 90 o
circular coil of radius 30 cm and resistance  ohm is rotated about

2
(b) Lags behind the e.m.f. by 90 o

an axis which is perpendicular to the direction of B and which forms
(c) Sometimes leads and sometime lags behind the e.m.f.
a diameter of the coil. If the coil rotates at 200 rpm the amplitude (a) 94 (b) 14
of the alternating current induced in the coil is (c) 10 [CBSE PMT 1990]
(d) 76
(a) 4 mA2
(b) 30 mA
37. A 10 ohm resistance, 5 mH coil and 10 F capacitor are joined in
(c) 6 mA (d) 200 mA series. When a suitable frequency alternating current source is
28. An inductive circuit contains a resistance of 10 ohm and an joined to this combination, the circuit resonates. If the resistance is
inductance of 2.0 henry. If an ac voltage of 120 volt and frequency of halved, the resonance frequency [MP PET 1995]
60 Hz is applied to this circuit, the current in the circuit would be
nearly [CPMT 1990; MP PET 2002]
(a) Is halved (b) Is doubled
(a) 0.32 amp (b) 0.16 amp (c) Remains unchanged (d) In quadrupled
(c) 048 amp (d) 0.80 amp 38. L, C and R represent physical quantities inductance, capacitance and
resistance respectively. The combination representing dimension of
29. In a LCR circuit having L = 8.0 henry, C = 0.5 F and R = 100 frequency is
ohm in series. The resonance frequency in per second is [CPMT 1990] [MP PET 1995; DCE 2001]
(a) 600 radian (b) 600 Hz 1 / 2
(a) LC (b) (LC )
(c) 500 radian (d) 500 Hz
1 / 2
30. In LCR circuit, the capacitance is changed from C to 4C. For the L C
(c)   (d)
same resonant frequency, the inductance should be changed from L C L
to [MP PMT 1986; BHU 1998]
39. In a series circuit R = 300 , L = 0.9 H , C = 2.0 F and 
(a) 2L (b) L / 2 = 1000 rad/sec . The impedance of the circuit is
(c) L / 4 (d) 4 L (a) 1300  (b) 900 
31. A 120 volt ac source is connected across a pure inductor of (c) 500  (d) 400 
inductance 0.70 henry. If the frequency of the source is 60 Hz, the  0 .4 
current passing through the inductor is 40. In a L-R circuit, the value of L is   henry and the value of R
  
[MP PET 1994]
is 30 ohm. If in the circuit, an alternating e.m.f. of 200 volt at 50
(a) 4.55 amps (b) 0.355 amps cycles per sec is connected, the impedance of the circuit and current
(c) 0.455 amps (d) 3.55 amps will be [MP PET 1996; DPMT 2003]
32. The impedance of a circuit consists of 3 ohm resistance and 4 ohm (a) 11.4 , 17.5 A (b) 30.7 , 6.5 A
reactance. The power factor of the circuit is
(c) 40.4 , 5 A (d) 50 , 4 A
[MP PMT 1994]
41. The reactance of a coil when used in the domestic ac power supply
(a) 0.4 (b) 0.6 (220 volt, 50 cycles) is 100 ohm. The self inductance of the coil is
(c) 0.8 (d) 1.0 nearly [MP PMT 1996]
33. L, C and R denote inductance, capacitance and resistance (a) 3.2 henry (b) 0.32 henry
respectively. Pick out the combination which does not have the (c) 2.2 henry (d) 0.22 henry
dimensions of frequency [MP PMT 1994] 42. In a series LCR circuit, operated with an ac of angular frequency  ,
1 R the total impedance is [MP PET 1996]
(a) (b)
RC L (a) [R 2  (L  C)2 ]1 / 2
1 1/2
(c) (d)
C  2  1  
2
LC L (b) R   L   
  C  

34. The power factor of a good choke coil is [MP PMT 1994]
1 / 2
(a) Nearly zero (b) Exactly zero  2  1  
2
(c) R   L   
  C  
(c) Nearly one (d) Exactly one 
If resistance of 100  , inductance of 0.5 henry and capacitance of 
1/2
1  
35. 2

10  10 6 F are connected in series through 50 Hz ac supply, then (d) (R  )2   L    
  C  
impedance is [BHU 1995] 
(a) 1.876 (b) 18.76 43. The reactance of a 25 F capacitor at the ac frequency of 4000
Hz is
(c) 189.72 (d) 101.3
36. An alternating current source of frequency 100 Hz is joined to a 5 5
(a) ohm (b) ohm
combination of a resistance, a capacitance and a coil in series. The  
potential difference across the coil, the resistance and the capacitor
is 46, 8 and 40 volt respectively. The electromotive force of (c) 10 ohm (d) 10 ohm
alternating current source in volt is
[MP PET 1995]
44. The frequency for which a 5 F capacitor has a reactance of [RPET 1997]
(a) 0.32 (b) 0.30
1
ohm is given by [MP PET 1997] (c) 0.28 (d) 0.24
1000
52. For series LCR circuit, wrong statement is [RPMT 1997]
100 1000
(a) MHz (b) Hz (a) Applied e.m.f. and potential difference across resistance are in
 
same phase
1
(c) Hz (d) 1000 Hz (b) Applied e.m.f. and potential difference at inductor coil have
1000 phase difference of  / 2
45. An e.m.f. E  4 cos(1000t) volt is applied to an LR-circuit of (c) Potential difference at capacitor and inductor have phase
inductance 3 mH and resistance 4 ohms. The amplitude of current difference of  / 2
in the circuit is [MP PMT 1997]
(d) Potential difference across resistance and capacitor have phase
(a)
4
A (b) 1.0 A difference of  / 2
7 53. In a purely resistive ac circuit, the current [Roorkee 1992]
4 (a) Lags behind the e.m.f. in phase
(c) A (d) 0.8 A
7 (b) Is in phase with the e.m.f.
46. In an ac circuit, a resistance of R ohm is connected in series with an (c) Leads the e.m.f. in phase
inductance L. If phase angle between voltage and current be 45°, the
value of inductive reactance will be (d) Leads the e.m.f. in half the cycle and lags behind it in the other
half
[MP PMT/PET 1998]
R 54. If an 8  resistance and 6  reactance are present in an ac series
(a) circuit then the impedance of the circuit will be
4
[MP PMT 2003]
R
(b) (a) 20 ohm (b) 5 ohm
2
(c) R (c) 10 ohm (d) 14 2 ohm
(d) Cannot be found with the given data 55. A 12 ohm resistor and a 0.21 henry inductor are connected in series
47. A coil of inductance L has an inductive reactance of X L in an AC to an ac source operating at 20 volts, 50 cycle/second. The phase
angle between the current and the source voltage is
circuit in which the effective current is I. The coil is made from a
super-conducting material and has no resistance. The rate at which (a) 30° (b) 40°
power is dissipated in the coil is (c) 80° (d) 90°
[MP PMT 1999]
56. What will be the phase difference between virtual voltage and virtual
(a) 0 (b) IX L current, when the current in the circuit is wattless
[RPET 1996]
(c) I2 X L (d) IX L2
(a) 90° (b) 45°
48. The phase difference between the current and voltage of LCR circuit
in series combination at resonance is (c) 180° (d) 60°
[CPMT 1999; Pb. PET 2001] 57. The resonant frequency of a circuit is f. If the capacitance is made 4
times the initial values, then the resonant frequency will become
(a) 0 (b)  / 2
(a) f / 2 (b) 2f
(c)  (d) 
(c) f (d) f / 4
49. In a series resonant circuit, the ac voltage across resistance R,
inductance L and capacitance C are 5 V, 10 V and 10 V respectively. 58. In the non-resonant circuit, what will be the nature of the circuit for
The ac voltage applied to the circuit will be frequencies higher than the resonant frequency
[KCET 1994] [RPET 1996]
(a) 20 V (b) 10 V (a) Resistive (b) Capacitive

(c) 5 V (d) 25 V (c) Inductive (d) None of the above
50. When 100 volt dc is applied across a coil, a current of 1 amp flows 59. In an ac circuit, the potential difference across an inductance and
resistance joined in series are respectively 16 V and 20 V. The total
through it. When 100 volt ac at 50 cycle s 1 is applied to the same potential difference across the circuit is
coil, only 0.5 ampere current flows. The impedance of the coil is [Bihar MEE 1995] [AFMC 1998; BHU 1999]
(a) 100  (b) 200  (a) 20.0 V (b) 25.6 V
(c) 300  (d) 400  (c) 31.9 V (d) 53.5 V
51. The coefficient of induction of a choke coil is 0.1H and resistance is 60. A 220 V, 50 Hz ac source is connected to an inductance of 0.2 H
and a resistance of 20 ohm in series. What is the current in the
12  . If it is connected to an alternating current source of circuit [MNR 1998; JIPMER 2001, 02]
frequency 60 Hz, then power factor will be (a) 10 A (b) 5 A
(c) 33.3 A (d) 3.33 A [RPET 2000]
61. An LCR circuit contains R = 50  , L = 1 mH and C = 0.1 F. The (a) XL  XC (b) R0
impedance of the circuit will be minimum for a frequency of
(c) XL  0 (d) XC  0
[Bihar MEE 1995]
10 5 1 10 6 1 69. In an ac circuit the reactance of a coil is 3 times its resistance,

(a) s (b) s the phase difference between the voltage across the coil to the
2 2
current through the coil will be
(c) 2  10 5 s 1 (d) 2  10 6 s 1 [KCET (Engg.) 2000]
62. In a series LCR circuit, resistance R  10 and the impedance (a)  / 3 (b)  / 2
Z  20. The phase difference between the current and the
voltage is [KCET (Engg./Med.) 1999] (c)  / 4 (d)  / 6
70. The capacity of a pure capacitor is 1 farad. In dc circuits, its effective
(a) 30 o (b) 45 o
resistance will be [MP PMT 2000]
(c) 60 o (d) 90 o (a) Zero (b) Infinite
63. A series ac circuit consist of an inductor and a capacitor. The (c) 1 ohm (d) 1/2 ohm
inductance and capacitance is respectively 1 henry and 25 F. If the
current is maximum in circuit then angular frequency will be 71. In an ac[RPMT
circuit, the current lags behind the voltage by  / 3 . The
1999]
components in the circuit are [MP PMT 2000]
(a) 200 (b) 100
(c) 50 (d) 200/2  (a) R and L (b) R and C
(c) L and C (d) Only R
 1 
64. An alternating e.m.f. of frequency v    is applied to a
 72. The reactance of a coil when used in the domestic ac power supply
 2 LC  (220 volts, 50 cycles per second) is 50 ohms. The inductance of the
series LCR circuit. For this frequency of the applied e.m.f. [Roorkee 1999]
coil is nearly [MP PMT 2000]
(a) The circuit is at resonance and its impedance is made up only of a (a) 2.2 henry (b) 0.22 henry
reactive part
(c) 1.6 henry (d) 0.16 henry
(b) The current in the circuit is in phase with the applied e.m.f.
and the voltage across R equals this applied emf 73. In an ac circuit, the power factor [Roorkee 2000]
(c) The sum of the p.d.’s across the inductance and capacitance (a) Is zero when the circuit contains an ideal resistance only
equals the applied e.m.f. which is 180o ahead of phase of the (b) Is unity when the circuit contains an ideal resistance only
current in the circuit
(c) Is zero when the circuit contains an ideal inductance only
(d) The quality factor of the circuit is L / R or 1 / CR and (d) Is unity when the circuit contains an ideal inductance only
this is a measure of the voltage magnification (produced by the
circuit at resonance) as well as the sharpness of resonance of 74. A resistance of 40 ohm and an inductance of 95.5 millihenry are
the circuit connected in series in a 50 cycles/second ac circuit. The impedance
65. In the circuit shown below, the ac source has voltage of this combination is very nearly
V  20 cos(t) volts with  = 2000 rad/sec. the amplitude of the [MP PET 2000]
current will be nearest to [AMU (Engg.) 2000] (a) 30 ohm (b) 40 ohm
(c) 50 ohm (d) 60 ohm
(a) 2A
6 75. For high frequency, a capacitor offers
(b) 3.3 A
[CPMT 1999; CBSE PMT 1999;
(c) 2/ 5A 5 mH, 4 50 F AFMC 2001; Pb. PET 2001; J & K CET 2004]
(a) More reactance (b) Less reactance
(d) 5A
(c) Zero reactance (d) Infinite reactance
66. The value of the current through an inductance of 1 H and of
negligible resistance, when connected through an ac source of 200 V 76. The coil of choke in a circuit [AIIMS 2001]
and 50 Hz, is [AFMC 2000] (a) Increases the current
(a) 0.637 A (b) 1.637 A (b) Decreases the current
(c) Does not change the current
(c) 2.637A (d) 3.637 A
(d) Has high resistance to dc circuit
67. The quality factor of LCR circuit having resistance (R) and
77. In a circuit, the current lags behind the voltage by a phase difference
inductance (L) at resonance frequency (  ) is given by
of  / 2. The circuit contains which of the following
[AFMC 2000; CBSE PMT 2000]
(a) Only R (b) Only L
L R
(c) Only C (d) R and C
(a) (b)
R L
1
1/2 2 78. The inductive reactance of an inductor of henry at 50 Hz
 L   L  
(c)   (d)  
 R   R  frequency is [MP PET 2001, 02]
68. Power factor is maximum in an LCR circuit when

50  88. In a LCR circuit the pd between the terminals of the inductance is
(a) ohm (b) ohm 60 V, between the terminals of the capacitor is 30 V and that
 50 between the terminals of resistance is 40V. the supply voltage will
(c) 100 ohm (d) 50 ohm be equal to …… [KCET 2004]
79. An oscillator circuit consists of an inductance of 0.5mH and a (a) 50 V (b) 70 V
capacitor of 20 F . The resonant frequency of the circuit is nearly [Kerala PET 2002]
(c) 130 V (d) 10 V
(a) 15.92 Hz (b) 159.2 Hz
89. Radio frequency choke uses core of [AFMC 2004]
(c) 1592 Hz (d) 15910 Hz
(a) Air (b) Iron
80. Reactance of a capacitor of capacitance C F for ac frequency
(c) Air and iron (d) None of these
400
Hz is 25 . The value C is [MH CET 2002] 90. In a LCR circuit capacitance is changed from C to 2C. For the
 resonant frequency to remain unchanged, the inductance should be
(a) 50 F (b) 25 F change from L to [AIEEE 2004]
(a) 4L (b) 2L
(c) 100 F (d) 75 F
(c) L/2 (d) L/4
81. The power factor of an ac circuit having resistance (R) and
inductance (L) connected in series and an angular velocity  is 91. [AIEEE an LCR
In 2002; series ac circuit, the voltage across each of the
MP PET 2000]
components, L, C and R is 50V. the voltage across the LC
(a) R / L (b) R /(R 2   2 L2 )1 / 2 combination will be [AIEEE 2004]
(a) 50V (b) 50 2 V

(c) L / R (d) R /(R 2   2 L2 )1 / 2
(c) 100V (d) 0 V (zero)
82. A circuit has a resistance of 11, an inductive reactance of 25 
92. A coil has L = 0.04 H and R  12  . When it is connected to
and a capacitative resistance of 18. It is connected to an ac source
220V, 50Hz supply the current flowing through the coil, in amperes
of 260V and 50Hz. The current through the circuit (in amperes) is [Kerala PMT 2002]
is [Kerala PMT 2004]
(a) 11 (b) 15 (a) 10.7 (b) 11.7
(c) 18 (d) 20 (c) 14.7 (d) 12.7
83. A 0.7 henry inductor is connected across a 120V – 60 Hz ac source. 93. The current in series LCR circuit will be maximum when  is
The current in the inductor will be very nearly
[Kerala PMT 2004]
[MP PMT 2002]
(a) As large as possible
(a) 4.55 amp (b) 0.355 amp
(b) Equal o natural frequency of LCR system
(c) 0.455 amp (d) 3.55 amp
(c) LC
84. There is a 5  resistance in an ac, circuit. Inductance of 0.1H is
connected with it in series. If equation of ac e.m.f. is 5 sin 50 t then (d) 1 / LC
the phase difference between current and e.m.f. is [RPET 2003]
94. An inductor L and a capacitor C are connected in the circuit as
 
(a) (b) shown in the figure. The frequency of the power supply is equal to
2 6 the resonant frequency of the circuit. Which ammeter will read zero
 ampere [DCE 2002]
(c) (d) 0
4 L
A1
85. An inductor of inductance L and resistor of resistance R are joined
in series and connected by a source of frequency  . Power C
dissipated in the circuit is [AIEEE 2002; RPET 2003] A2
(R   L )
2 2 2
V R 2
(a) (b) A3
V (R   2 L2 )
2
E = E0 sint
V R 2   2 L2 (a) A1 (b) A2
(c) (d)
(R 2   2 L2 ) V2 (c) A3 (d) None of these
86. In a ac circuit of capacitance the current from potential is 95. Which of the following components of a LCR circuit, with ac supply,
[CPMT 2003] dissipates energy [DCE 2004]
(a) Forward (a) L (b) R
(b) Backward (c) C (d) All of these
(c) Both are in the same phase 96. In a circuit L, C and R are connected in series with an
(d) None of these alternating voltage source of frequency f . The current leads the
87. A coil of 200 resistance and 1.0 H inductance is connected to an ac voltage by 45°. The value of C is [CBSE PMT 2005]
source of frequency 200/2 Hz. Phase angle between potential
and current will be [MP PMT 2003]
1
(a)
(a) 30 o
(b) 90 o 2f (2fL  R)
(c) 45 o
(d) 0 o
1 (b) 900 V
(b)
f (2fL  R) (c) 200 V
(d) 400 V
1
(c) 5. In the circuit shown below, what will be the readings of the
2f (2fL  R)
voltmeter and ammeter [RPMT 1996]
1 100 
(d)
f (2fL  R)
97. In an A.C. circuit the current [CPMT 2005]
(a) Always leads the voltage A V
(b) Always lags behind the voltage 300 V 300 V
(c) Is always in phase with the voltage 220 V, 50 Hz

(d) May lead or lag behind or be in phase with the voltage (a) 800 V, 2A (b) 300 V, 2A
98. For the series LCR circuit shown in the figure, what is the resonance (c) 220 V, 2.2 A (d) 100 V, 2A
frequency and the amplitude of the current at the resonating 6. A bulb and a capacitor are connected in series to a source of
frequency [Kerala PET 2005]
alternating current. If its frequency is increased, while keeping the
8 mH voltage of the source constant, then
[Roorkee 1999]
(a) Bulb will give more intense light
220 V ~ 20 F (b) Bulb will give less intense light
(c) Bulb will give light of same intensity as before
44  (d) Bulb will stop radiating light
(a) 2500 rad  s 1 and 5 2 A 7. An alternating e.m.f. of angular frequency  is applied across an
inductance. The instantaneous power developed in the circuit has an
(b) 2500 rad  s 1 and 5 A angular frequency [Roorkee 1999]
(c) 2500 rad  s 1 and

5
A  
(a) (b)
2 4 2
(d) 25 rad  s 1 and 5 2 A (c)  (d) 2
8. The voltage of an ac source varies with time according to the
equation V  100 sin 100t cos 100t where t is in seconds and V
is in volts. Then [MP PMT 1996; 2000]
(a) The peak voltage of the source is 100 volts
(b) The peak voltage of the source is 50 volts
1. When 100 volts dc is supplied across a solenoid, a current of 1.0
amperes flows in it. When 100 volts ac is applied across the same
coil, the current drops to 0.5 ampere. If the frequency of ac source (c) The peak voltage of the source is 100 / 2 volts
is 50 Hz, then the impedance and inductance of the solenoid are [CPMT 1990]
(d) The frequency of the source is 50 Hz
(a) 200  and 0.55 henry (b) 100  and 0.86 henry
9. The diagram shows a capacitor C and a resistor R connected in
(c) 200  and 1.0 henry (d) 100  and 0.93 henry series to an ac source. V1 and V2 are voltmeters and A is an
2. In an LR-circuit, the inductive reactance is equal to the resistance R ammeter
of the circuit. An e.m.f. E  E0 cos(t) applied to the circuit. The
V1
power consumed in the circuit is
[MP PMT 1997]
E02 E02 C
(a) (b) R V2
R 2R
A
E02 E02 Consider now the following statements
(c) (d)
4R 8R
I. Readings in A and V are always in phase
3. One 10 V, 60 W bulb is to be connected to 100 V line. The required
2
II. Reading in V is ahead in phase with reading in V

induction coil has self inductance of value ( f  50 Hz) [RPET 1997] 1 2
III. Readings in A and V are always in phase which of these

(a) 0.052 H (b) 2.42 H statements are/is correct
1
[AMU (Med.) 2001]

(c) 16.2 mH (d) 1.62 mH
(a) I only (b) II only
4. In the circuit given below, what will be the reading of the voltmeter [RPET 1996]
(c) I and II only (d) II and III only
(a) 300 V
V 100V 100V
200V, 100 Hz
10. In the circuit shown in figure neglecting source resistance the (b) 2.4 A
voltmeter and ammeter reading will respectively, will be
(c) Zero
[KCET (Engg.) 2001]
(d) 1.7 A
V
17. An ac source of angular frequency  is fed across a resistor r and a
capacitor C in series. The current registered is I. If now the
frequency of source is changed to /3 (but maintaining the same
R = 30 XL = 25 XC = 25 voltage), the current in then circuit is found to be halved. Calculate
A
the ratio of reactance to resistance at the original frequency  [Roorkee 1996]
240 V
(a) 0V, 3A (b) 150V, 3A 3 2
(a) (b)
(c) 150V, 6A (d) 0V, 8A 5 5
11. The voltage of an ac supply varies with time (t) as 1 4

(c) (d)
V  120 sin100  t cos 100 t. The maximum voltage and 5 5
frequency respectively are [MP PMT 2001; MP PET 2002] 18. An LCR series circuit with a resistance of 100 ohm is connected to
an ac source of 200 V (r.m.s.) and angular frequency 300 rad/s.
120
(a) 120 volts, 100 Hz (b) volts, 100 Hz When only the capacitor is removed, the current lags behind the
2 voltage by 60 o . When only the inductor is removed the current
(c) 60 volts, 200 Hz (d) 60 volts, 100 Hz leads the voltage by 60 o . The average power dissipated is
12. In the circuit shown in the figure, the ac source gives a voltage (a) 50 W (b) 100 W
V  20 cos(2000 t). Neglecting source resistance, the voltmeter (c) 200 W (d) 400 W
and ammeter reading will be 19. A virtual current of 4A and 50 Hz flows in an ac circuit containing a
[KCET (Engg.) 2002] coil. The power consumed in the coil is 240 W. If the virtual voltage
6 across the coil is 100 V its inductance will be
A
1 1
(a) H (b) H
5mH 4
50F 3 5
1 1
(c) H (d) H
7 9
V 20. For a series RLC circuit R = X = 2X . The impedance of the circuit
(a) 0V, 0.47A (b) 1.68V, 0.47A L C
and phase difference (between) V and i will be

(c) 0V, 1.4 A (d) 5.6V, 1.4 A
5R 5R 1
13. A telephone wire of length 200 km has a capacitance of 0.014 F per (a) , tan 1 (2) (b) , tan 1  
km. If it carries an ac of frequency 5 kHz, what should be the value
2 2 2
of an inductor required to be connected in series so that the 1
impedance of the circuit is minimum (c) 5 X C , tan 1 (2) (d) 5 R, tan 1  
2
(a) 0.35 mH (b) 35 mH 21. In the adjoining ac circuit the voltmeter whose reading will be zero
(c) 3.5 mH (d) Zero at resonance is
V4
14. In a certain circuit current changes with time according to (a) V 1
V1 V2 V3
i  2 t . r.m.s. value of current between t  2 to t  4 s will be (b) V 2
(c) V C
(a) 3A (b) 3 3 A 3
L R
(d) V V5
4
(c) 2 3A (d) (2  2 ) A 22. In the adjoining figure the impedance of the circuit will be
15. Match the following (a) 120 ohm
Currents r.m.s. values (b) 50 ohm 90 V
(1) x 0 sin t (i) x (c) 60 ohm XL = 30 
0
XC =20
x0 (d) 90 ohm
(2) x 0 sin t cos  t (ii)
2 23. If i  t 2 0  t  T then r.m.s. value of current is
(3) x 0 sin t  x 0 cos  t (iii)

x0 T2 T2
(a) (b)
(2 2 ) 2 2
(a) 1. (i), 2. (ii), 3. (iii) (b) 1. (ii), 2. (iii), 3. (i) T2
(c) 1. (i), 2. (iii), 3. (ii) (d) None of these (c) (d) None of these
5
16. The reading of ammeter in the circuit shown will be
24. Is it possible
A 15 A
(a) Yes
(a) 2A XC = 5 (b) No 10 A
V 110 V
5A
XL = 5 R = 55
(c) Cannot be predicted
(d) Insufficient data to reply 5. An ac source of variable frequency f is connected to an LCR series
25. In a series circuit C  2 F, L  1mH and R  10 , when the circuit. Which one of the graphs in figure. represents the variation
of current of current I in the circuit with frequency f
current in the circuit is maximum, at that time the ratio of the
energies stored in the capacitor and the inductor will be I I
(a) (b)
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 1 : 2
(c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 5
0 f 0 f
I I
(c) (d)
1. Which one of the following curves represents the variation of

impedance (Z) with frequency f in series LCR circuit f f
0 0
(a) Z (b) Z 6. The r.m.s. voltage of the wave form shown is
Y
(a) 10 V + 10
(b) 7 V
f (c) 6.37 V 0 t
Z Z f
(c) (d) (d) None of these
– 10
7. A constant voltage at different frequencies is applied across a
capacitance C as shown in the figure. Which of the following graphs
f f Signal
2. The variation of the instantaneous current (I) and the instantaneous Generator
emf (E) in a circuit is as shown in fig. Which of the following V C
statements is correct
Correctly depicts the variation of current with frequency ?
E A
I (a) I (b) I
/2 3/2
O  2 t
 
(a) The voltage lags behind the current by  / 2
I
(b) The voltage leads the current by  / 2 (c) I (d)
(c) The voltage and the current are in phase
(d) The voltage leads the current by 
3. The figure shows variation of R, X and X with frequency f in a series  
8. The output current versus time curve of a rectifier is shown in the
L C
L, C, R circuit. Then for what frequency point, the circuit is

inductive figure. The average value of output current in this case is
X X C L
(a) A
R
Current
(b) B
(c) C
(d) All points I0 I0
f (a) 0 (b)
4. An alternating emf is applied across aA parallel
B C combination of a 2
resistance R, capacitance C and an inductance L. If I , I , I are the Time
R L C
currents through R, L and C respectively, then the diagram which 2I0

(c) (d) I0
correctly represents, the phase relationship among I , I , I and source
R L C

emf E, is given by
9. The current 'i' in an inductance coil varies with time 't' according to
IL IR following graph
(a) (b)
E E i
IR IL
IC IC
(c) I (d) I
C R
t
E E (0, 0)
IR IC
IL IL
Which one of the following plots shows the variations of voltage in (c) (d)
the coil [CBSE PMT 1994]
V V
(a) (b)
13. In pure inductive circuit, the curves between frequency f and
reciprocal of inductive reactance 1/X is L
(0, 0) t (0, 0) t
(a) 1 (b)
(c) V (d) V 1
XL XL
(0, 0) t t f f
(0, 0)
(c) (d)
10. When an ac source of e.m.f. e  E 0 sin(100 t) is connected across 1
1
a circuit, the phase difference between the e.m.f. e and the current i XL
XL
in the circuit is observed to be  / 4 , as shown in the diagram. If
the circuit consists possibly only of RC or LC in series, find the
f f
relationship between the two elements 14. [IIT-JEE
The (Screening)
vector diagram
2003] of current and voltage for a circuit is as shown.
The components of the circuit will be
i or e i e
(a) LCR Erms = 20 V
45o
(b) LR

(c) LCR or LR
(a) R  1k , C  10 F (b) R  1k , C  1F (d) None of these irms = 25 amp
(c) R  1k, L  10 H (d) R  1k, L  1H 15. The resonance point in X L  f and X C  f curves is
11. Two sinusoidal voltages of the same frequency are shown in the XL
diagram. What is the frequency, and the phase relationship between
the voltages P R S
V Q
M N f
XC
O
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8  (a) P (b) Q
(c) R (d) S
Frequency in Hz Phase lead of N over M in radians
16. The i -  curve for anti-resonant circuit is
(a) 0.4  / 4
(b) 2.5  / 2 i i
(c) 2.5  / 2 (a) (b)

(d) 2.5  / 4
12. The voltage across a pure inductor is represented by the following
diagram. Which one of the following diagrams will represent the
current [MP PMT 1995]  
i i
(c) (d)
V
t
 
17. The graphs given below depict the dependence of two reactive
i i impedances X and X on the frequency of the alternating e.m.f.
1 2
(a) (b) applied individually to them. We can then say that[Haryana CEE 1996; RPMT 2004
t t
Impedance
Impedance
i i X1 X2
t t Frequency Frequency
Reason : The inductive reactance increases as the frequency
of ac source decreases.
3. Assertion : Capacitor serves as a block for dc and offers an

(a) X is an inductor and X is a capacitor easy path to ac.
1 2
(b) X is a resistor and X is a capacitor

1 2
Reason : Capacitive reactance is inversely proportional to
(c) X is a capacitor and X is an inductor frequency.
1 2
(d) X is an inductor and X is a resistor

1 2
4. Assertion : When capacitive reactance is smaller than the
inductive reactance in LCR current, e.m.f. leads the
18. Which of the following plots may represent the reactance of a series
LC combination [MP PMT 1999]
current .
(a) a a Reason : The phase angle is the angle between the

alternating e.m.f. and alternating current of the
(b) b c circuit.
Reactance
b
(c) c
Frequency 5. Assertion : Chock coil is preferred over a resistor to adjust
(d) d current in an ac circuit.
d
19. Which of the following curves correctly represents the variation of Reason : Power factor for inductance is zero.
capacitive reactance X with frequency f
C
6. Assertion : If the frequency of alternating current in an ac

[RPMT 1996]
Xc circuit consisting of an inductance coil is increased
(a) Xc (b)
then current gets decreased.
Reason : The current is inversely proportional to frequency

of alternating current.
f 7. Assertion : A bulb connected in series with a solenoid is

(c) f (d)
Xc Xc connected to ac source. If a soft iron core is
introduced in the solenoid, the bulb will glow
brighter.
Reason : On introducing soft iron core in the solenoid, the
inductance increases.
f f 8. Assertion : An alternating current does not show any magnetic
effect.
Reason : Alternating current varies with time.
9. Assertion : The dc and ac both can be measured by a hot wire
instrument.
Read the assertion and reason carefully to mark the correct option out of
the options given below: Reason : The hot wire instrument is based on the principle
of magnetic effect of current.
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct
explanation of the assertion. 10. Assertion : ac is more dangerous than dc
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct Reason : Frequency of ac is dangerous for human body.
explanation of the assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false. 11. Assertion : Average value of ac over a complete cycle is always
zero.
(d) If the assertion and reason both are false.
(e) If assertion is false but reason is true. Reason : Average value of ac is always defined over half cycle.
1. Assertion : In series LCR circuit resonance can take place. 12. Assertion : The division are equally marked on the scale of ac
ammeter.
Reason : Resonance takes place if inductance and capacitive
reactances are equal and opposite. Reason : Heat produced is directly proportional to the
current.
[AIIMS 1998]
13. Assertion : When ac circuit contain resistor only, its power is
2. Assertion : The alternating current lags behind the e.m.f. by a minimum.
phase angle of  / 2 , when ac flows through an Reason : Power of a circuit is independent of phase angle.
inductor.
14. Assertion : An electric lamp connected in series with a
variable capacitor and ac source, its brightness
increases with increase in capacitance.
Reason : Capacitive reactance decrease with increase in
capacitance of capacitor. 1 a 2 c 3 a 4 c 5 c
6 a 7 d 8 b 9 b 10 d
15. Assertion : An inductance and a resistance are connected in
11 d 12 d 13 a 14 c 15 b
series with an ac circuit. In this circuit the current
16 c 17 a 18 d 19 b 20 b
and the potential difference across the resistance
lag behind potential difference across the 21 d 22 c 23 c 24 a 25 d
inductance by an angle /2.
Graphical Questions
Reason : In LR circuit voltage leads the current by phase
angle which depends on the value of inductance and 1 c 2 b 3 c 4 c 5 d
resistance both. 6 a 7 b 8 c 9 b 10 a
16. Assertion : A capacitor of suitable capacitance can be used in an 11 b 12 d 13 c 14 c 15 c
ac circuit in place of the choke coil.
16 b 17 c 18 d 19 b
Reason : A capacitor blocks dc and allows ac only.
Assertion and Reason
1 a 2 c 3 a 4 b 5 a
6 a 7 e 8 b 9 c 10 a
11 b 12 d 13 d 14 a 15 b
16 b
Alternating Current, Voltage and Power
1 b 2 a 3 c 4 b 5 b
6 b 7 c 8 d 9 c 10 c
11 d 12 c 13 b 14 c 15 b
16 d 17 c 18 b 19 d 20 c
21 c 22 a 23 c 24 d 25 c
26 c 27 d 28 b 29 c 30 d
31 d 32 d 33 b 34 b 35 d Alternating Current, Voltage and Power
36 c 37 a 38 b 39 a 40 c
1
41 a 42 d 43 b 44 b 45 c 1. (b) Power loss 
46 c (Voltage)2
 
ac Circuits 2. (a) V  5 cos  t  5 sin t   and i  2 sin t
 2
1 b 2 a 3 a 4 b 5 a Power  Vr.m.s.  ir.m.s.  cos  = 0
6 a 7 b 8 c 9 d 10 b
11 c 12 b 13 b 14 b 15 d  
(Since   , therefore cos   cos 0)
16 b 17 a 18 b 19 a 20 a 2 2
21 b 22 d 23 b 24 b 25 a 100 100  10 3 
3. (c) P  Vr.m.s.  ir.m.s.  cos     cos
26 d 27 c 28 b 29 c 30 c 2 2 3
31 c 32 b 33 d 34 a 35 c
36 c 37 c 38 b 39 c 40 d 10 4  10 3 1 10
    2 .5 watt
41 b 42 b 43 a 44 a 45 d 2 2 4
46 c 47 a 48 a 49 c 50 b 4. (b) In dc ammeter, a coil is free to rotate in the magnetic field of a
51 b 52 c 53 b 54 c 55 c fixed magnet.
56 a 57 a 58 b 59 b 60 d If an alternating current is passed through such a coil, the
torque will reverse it’s direction each time the current changes
61 a 62 c 63 a 64 bd 65 a direction and the average value of the torque will be zero.
66 a 67 a 68 a 69 a 70 b 5. (b) The coil having inductance L besides the resistance R. Hence
71 a 72 d 73 bc 74 c 75 b
for ac it’s effective resistance R 2  X L2 will be larger than
76 b 77 b 78 c 79 c 80 a
it’s resistance R for dc.
81 b 82 d 83 c 84 c 85 b
86 a 87 c 88 a 89 a 90 c io 4
6. (b) ir.m . s.    2 2 ampere
91 d 92 d 93 d 94 c 95 b 2 2
96 a 97 d 98 b Vo 423
7. (c) Effective voltage Vr.m . s.    300 V
2 2
Critical Thinking Questions
8. (d) The current takes

T
sec to reach the peak value. 28. (b) Peak voltage  2  220  311 V
4
29. (c)
2 1 (d)  P  Vicos ,  P  cos 
In the given question  200  T  sec 30.
T 100
31. (d) P  Vrms Irms cos  ; since   90 o. So P = 0
1
 Time to reach the peak value  sec
400 1
32. (d) Brightness  Pconsumed  for Bulb, Rac  Rdc , so
6 R
9. (c) ir.m . s  3 2 A brightness will be equal in both the cases.
2
2
Vrms (30)2
 120  7 33. (b) P   90 W
10. (c)     19 Hz R 10
2 2  22
V0 120
240 34. (b) Vrms    84.8 V
Vr.m . s.   120 2  170 V 2 1 .414
2
1
11. (d) 35. (d) Peak value to r.m.s. value means, current becomes times.
2
12. (c) Peak value = 220 2  311 V 1
So from i  i0 sin100t   i0  i0 sin100t
2 2
 I  Ip2 R
13. (b) Power  I 2 R   p  R   1
 2 2  sin  sin100t  t  sec  2.5  10 3 sec.
4 400
V
 r .m . s . 
200
 5 A  i0  ir.m . s. 2  7.07 A
    
14. (c) ir.m . s. 36. (c) Phase difference    2  1   
R 40 6  6  3
15. (b)
2 2 2 2
16. (d) Time taken by the current to reach the maximum value 37. (a) Vav  V0   (Vrms  2 )  .Vrms
  
T 1 1
t    5  10 3 sec
4 4 4  50 
2 2
 220  198 V

and io  irms 2  10 2  14.14 amp 38. (b)
17. (c) 39. (a)
40. (c)
2t
18. (b) E  E0 cos t  E0 cos 200 5 5
T 41. (a) irms   A. So i0  irms  2   2  1 A.
280 7 7
2  50  1 
 10 cos  10 cos  5 3 volt. 42. (d) Required time t  T / 4 
1
 5  10 3 sec
600 6 4  50
19. (d) Phase angle   90 o , so power P  Vi cos   0 43. (b) V0  2 Vrms  10 2
200 1 1
20. (c) Vrms  , irms  44. (b) P Vo io cos   P  PPeak . cos 
2 2 2
 1 1 
 P  Vrms irms cos  
200 1
cos  50 watt  (Ppeak )  Ppeak cos   cos     
3 2 2 3
2 2
45. (c) E  141 sin(628 t),
21. (c) 2  377    60.03 Hz
E0 141
22. (a) E rms    100 V and 2f  628
2 1 .41
i12  i22 1 2 2 1/2  f  100 Hz
23. (c) irms   (i1  i2 )
2 2 E0 707
46. (c) E rms    500 V
24. (d) P  Vi cos  2 1 .41

Phase difference    P  zero ac Circuits
2
25. (c) V0  Vrms  2  220  2  310 1. (b)
26. (c) Hot wire ammeter reads rms value of current. Hence its peak 2. (a)
3. (a) The choke coil can be used only in ac circuits, not in dc
value  irms  2  14.14 amp
circuits, because for dc ( = 0) the inductive reactance
27. (d) X L  L of the coil is zero, only the resistance of the coil
remains effective which too is almost zero.
4. (b) Because power  i 2 R, if R = 0, then P = 0. 200 2  100  (1  10 6 )

  2  10  2 A  20 mA
5. (a) 2
6. (a) A choke coil contains high inductance but negligible resistance, 25. (a) Current will be maximum at the condition of resonance. So
due to which power loss becomes appreciably small. 1 1
7. (b) For purely capacitive circuit e  e 0 sint resonant frequency  0  
LC 0 .5  8  10 6
   = 500 rad/s
i  io sin t   i.e. current is ahead of emf by
 2 2 26. (d) Average power in ac circuits is given by P  Vrms irms cos 
8. (c)
For pure capacitive circuit   90 o so P = 0
9. (d)
V0 NBA (2 )NB (r 2 )
10. (b) Z R 2  X L2 , X L  L and   2f 27. (c) Amplitude of ac  i0   
R R R
 Z  R 2  4 2 f 2 L2 2 
200
 1  10  2    (0 .3) 2
 i0  60  6 mA
1 1 10 5 2

11. (c)     Hz
2 LC 2 10  6  10  4 2
28. (b) Z R 2
X L2  10 2  (2  60  2)2  753.7
12. (b)
120
13. (b) The applied voltage is given by V  VR2  VL2 i  0.159 A
753.7
V  (200)2  (150)2  250 volt 29. (c) Resonance frequency in radian/second is
1 1
V 120    500 rad / sec
14. (b) i   =0.016 A LC 8  0.5  10 6
R  L
2 2 2
100  4 2  60 2  20 2
1 1 L1
V V 30. (c)     L2 
15. (d) For the first circuit i   L1 C1 L2 C 2 4
Z R 2   2 L2
31. (c) Z  X L  2  60  0.7
 Increase in  will cause a decrease in i.
120 120
For the second circuit i 
V i    0.455 ampere
1 Z 2  60  0.7
R2  2 2
 C 32. (b) Z  R2  X 2  4 2  32  5
 Increase in  will cause an increase in i. R 3
 cos     0.6
1 1 Z 5
16. (b) X C   ; For dc   0,  X C  
C 2 C 33. (d)
17. (a) In a pure inductor (zero resistance), voltage leads the current R
34. (a) cos   . In choke coil   90 so cos   0
by 90 o i.e.  / 2. Z
18. (b) 35. (c) Z R 2  (X L  X C )2
19. (a) The voltage across a L–R combination is given by
V 2  VR2  VL2  1 
2
 100 2   0 .5  100    189.72
 10  10 6  100 
VL  V 2  VR2  400  144  256  16 volt.
36. (c) VL  46 volts, VC  40 volts , VR  8 volts
L 2  200 1 4
20. (a) Phase angle tan     
R 300  3 E.M.F. of source V  8 2  (46  40) 2  10 volts
4
   tan 1 37. (c) Resonant frequency 
1
does not depend on
3
2 LC
21. (b) At resonance, LCR circuit behaves as purely resistive circuit, for
resistance.
purely resistive circuit power factor = 1
1
22. (d) Given L 
1
 2 
1 38. (b) Frequency 
C LC 2 LC
1 1 So the combination which represents dimension of frequency is
or     10 4 1
3
10  10  10 6
10 8  (LC )1 / 2
LC
X L  L  10 4  10 3  10 
23. (b) 39. (c) For series R-L-C circuit, Z  R 2  (X L  X C ) 2
Vrms V C
24. (b) Reading of ammeter  irms   0
XC 2
2 1
 10 6  impedance Z , with rise in
 (300) 2  1000  0 .9   500  2
 1000  2   1
  C 
1 

R2  L 
40. (d) Z  R 2  X 2  R 2  (2fL) 2 frequency Z decreases i.e. current increases so circuit behaves
as capacitive circuit.
2
 0 .4 
= (30) 2   2  50    900  1600  50  59. (b) V  VR2  VL2  (20)2  (16)2  656  25.6 V
  
220 220
V 200 60. (d) i    3 .33 A
i   4 ampere (20)  (2    50  0 .2)
2 2 66
Z 50
22 61. (a) Impedance of LCR circuit will be minimum at resonant
41. (b) Reactance  2L  100   2   50  L 1 1
7 frequency so  0  
 L  0.32 henry 2 LC 2 1  10  0 .1  10 6
 3
42. (b) 10 5
 Hz
1 1 5 2
43. (a) XC    
2C 2  4000  25  10 6  R 10 1
62. (c) cos  
     60 o
1 1 1 Z 20 2
44. (a) XC   
2C 1000 2    5  10 6 63. (a) Current in LC circuit becomes maximum when resonance
occurs. So
100
  MHz 1 1 1000
     200 rad / sec
6 5
V 4 LC 1  25  10
45. (d) i    0 .8 A
Z 3 2 64. (b, d)
4  (1000  3  10
2
)
65. (a) R  6  4  10 
XL X
46. (c) tan    tan 45 o  L  1  X L  R
R R X L  L  2000  5  10 3  10 
47. (a) For purely L-circuit P = 0 1 1
48. (a) At resonance LCR series circuit behaves as pure resistive XC    10 
C 2000  50  10 6
circuit. For resistive circuit   0 o
Z  R 2  (X L  X C )2  10 
49. (c) V  VR2  (VL  VC ) 2  (5)2  (10  10)2  5 Volt
V0 20
V 100 Amplitude of current  i0    2A
50. (b) When dc is supplied R    100  Z 10
i 1
V 200 200
V 100 66. (a) i    0 .637 A
When ac is supplied Z    200  XL L 2  50  1
i 0.5
R R 67. (a)
51. (b) cos   
Z 68. (a) In LCR circuit; in the condition of resonance X L  X C i.e.
R 2   2 L2
circuit behaves as resistive circuit. In resistive circuit power
12 factor is maximum.
  cos   0.30
(12)  4   2  (60) 2  (0 .1) 2
2
XL 3R
69. (a) tan     3    60 o   / 3
52. (c) R R
53. (b)
1 1
70. (b) XC   
54. (c) Impedance Z  R 2  X 2  (8)2  (6)2  10 2 C 0
L2  50  0.21 71. (a)
55. (c) tan     5.5    80 o
R 12 XL 50
56. (a) If the current is wattless then power is zero. Hence phase 72. (d) X L  2 L  L    0 .16 H
2 2  3.14  50
difference   90 o
73. (b, c)
1 1
57. (a) f   f 74. (c) Z  R 2  (2L)2
2 LC C
58. (b) In non resonant circuits
 (40)2  4 2  (50) 2  (95.5  10 3 ) 2  50 ohm
1 1
75. (b) XC   XC 
2C 
76. (b)
77. (b) 97. (d)
1 98. (b) Resonance frequency
78. (c) X L  2L  2    50   100 
 
1

1
 2500 rad / sec
1 1 LC 8  10  20  10 6
 3
79. (c)  0  
2 LC 2  3.14 5  10 4  20  10 6 Resonance current =
V 220
  5A
R 44
10 4
0   1592 Hz
6 .28
1 1 1
80. (a) XC  C    50 F
2C 2X C 2    400  25

R R
81. (b) cos   
Z (R 2  L2 )1 / 2
82. (d) Z  R 2  (X L  X C )2  (11)2  (25  18) 2  13 

260
Current i   20 A
13
V 120
83. (c) i   0 .455 A
XL 2  3.14  60  0 .7
R R 5
84. (c) cos    
Z R  L
2 2 2
25  (50) 2  (0 .1) 2
5 1
     / 4
25  25 2
 V   R  V 2R V 2R
85. (b) P  Vi cos   V      
ZZ Z2 ( R 2   2 L2 )
86. (a)
200
2  1
X 2L 2
87. (c) tan   L    1    45 o
R R 200
88. (a) V  VR2  (VL  VC )2  (40)2  (60  30)2  50 V

89. (a)
1
90. (c)  0 
2 LC
If C changes to 2C then for keeping  constant L must change
0
to L/2.
91. (d) Net voltage across LC combination  VL  VC = 0 V
92. (d) Impedance Z  R 2  4 2 2 L2
 (12)2  4  (3.14)2  (50)2  (0.04) = 17.37 A

V 220
Now current i    12.7 
Z 17.37
93. (d) At resonant frequency current in series LCR circuit is
maximum.
94. (c)
95. (b)
1
 2fL
XC  XL 2 fC
96. (a) tan    tan 45 o 
R R
1
 C
2 f (2fL  R)
  
Critical Thinking Questions  E 0 i0 sint  sint cos  cos t sin 
 2 2
V 100
1. (a) For dc, R    100   E0 i0 sint cos t
i 1
1
V 100  E 0 i0 sin 2t (sin 2t  2 sint cos t)
For ac, Z    200  2
i 0.5
Hence, angular frequency of instantaneous power is 2 .
 Z  R 2  (L) 2  200  (100) 2  4 2 (50) 2 L2
8. (b) V  50  2 sin100t cos 100t  50 sin 200t
 L  0.55 H
 V0  50 Volts and   100 Hz
E0 i0
R
2. (c) P  Erms irms cos     9. (b) In RC series circuit voltage across the capacitor leads the
2 2 Z

voltage across the resistance by
E0 E0 R E2R 2
   P 02
2 Z 2 Z 2Z
10. (d) The voltage V L and VC are equal and opposite so voltmeter
E 02 reading will be zero.
Given X L  R so, Z  2 R  P 
4R Also R  30 , X L  X C  25
P 60
3. (a) Current through the bulb i    6A V V 240
V 10 So i    8A
R  (X L  X C )
2 2 R 30
60W, 10V
L
i
11. (d) V  120 sin100t cos 100 t  V  60 sin 200t
10 V VL
i Vmax  60 V and   100 Hz
12. (d) Z  (R) 2  (X L  X C ) 2 ;

100V, 50Hz
V  VR2  VL2 R  10 , X L  L  2000  5  10 3  10 
(100)2  (10)2  VL2  VL  99.5 Volt 1 1

XC    10  i.e. Z  10 
C 2000  50  10 6
Also VL  iX L  i  (2L)
V0 20
 99.5  6  2  3.14  50  L  L  0.052 H Maximum current i0    2A
Z 10
4. (c) V 2  VR2  (VL  VC )2 2
Hence irms   1 .4 A
Since VL  VC hence V  VR  200 V 2
and Vrms  4  1.41  5.64 V

5. (c) V 2  VR2  (VL  VC )2  VR  V  220 V
13. (a) Capacitance of wire
220
Also i   2.2 A
100 C  0.014  10 6  200  2.8  10 6 F  2.8 F
6. (a) When a bulb and a capacitor are connected in series to an ac
For impedance of the circuit to be minimum X L  X C 
source, then on increasing the frequency the current in the
circuit is increased, because the impedance of the circuit is 1
2L 
decreased. So the bulb will give more intense light. 2C
7. (d) The instantaneous values of emf and current in inductive 1 1
circuit are given by E  E0 sint and L  
4  C
2 2
4 (3 .14 )  (5  10 3 )2  2.8  10 6
2
 
i  i0 sin t   respectively.  0.35  10 3 H  0.35 mH
 2
 i dt
2 4 4
 
4
 
So, Pinst  Ei  E 0 sint  i0 sint  
2 (4 t)dt 4 2 t dt t2
 2
 4
i2      t  12
2
14. (c) 2
 2
 dt
4
2 dt 2  2  2
   tan 1 (1 / 2)
 irms  i 2  12  2 3 A
x0 R2 5
15. (b) 1. rms value = Also Z  R 2  ( X L  X C ) 2  R 2   R
2 4 2
x0 x 21. (d) At resonance net voltage across L and C is zero.

2. x 0 sint cos t  sin 2t  rms value  0
2 2 2 90 90
22. (c) iL   3 A, iC   4 .5 A
30 20
2 2
 x0  x 
3. x 0 sint  x 0 cos t  rms value     0  Net current through circuit i  iC  iL  1.5 A
   2
 2  
V 90
Z    60 
 x 02  x 0 i 1 .5
16. (c) Given X L  X C  5, this is the condition of resonance. So 1 T 2 T2

23. (c) irms  0 i dt 
VL  VC , so net voltage across L and C combination will be T 5
zero. 24. (a) Yes, in AC if branch AB has R, BC has a capacitor C, and BD
has a pure inductance L
17. (a) At angular frequency , the current in RC circuit is given by
C
Vrms
irms  ......(i)
2
 1  15 A
R2    10 A B
 C  A
irms Vrms Vrms
Also   ......(ii) 5A
2 2 9
  R2 
 1   2C 2
  D
R 
2 25. (d) Current will be maximum in the condition of resonance so
 
 C imax 
V

V
 3  A
R 10
From equation (i) and (ii) we get
2
1 2 1  E
1 Energy stored in the coil WL  Li max  L 
2 2  10 
5 
3R  2 2  C 
2 3 X
 C 
3
 C R 5 R 5
1  E2  1
  10  3     10 5 E 2 joule
 2
XL X X X 2  100 
18. (d) tan    C  tan 60 o  L  C
R R R R
 Energy stored in the capacitor
 XL  XC  3 R 1 1
WC  CE 2   2  10 6 E 2  10 6 E 2 joule
2 2
i.e. Z  R 2  (X L  X C )2  R
WC 1
 
V2
200  200 WL 5
So average power P   = 400 W
R 100
Graphical Questions
P 240
19. (b) R   15  2
2
irms 16  1 
1. (c) Z R 2   2fL  
 2fC 
V 100
Z   25 
i 4 From above equation at f = 0  z  
1
Now X L  Z 2  R 2  (25) 2  (15)2  20  When f  (resonant frequency)  Z  R
2 LC
20 1
 2L  20  L   Hz
2  50 5 For f 
1
 Z starts increasing.
2 LC
20. (b) X L  R, X C  R / 2
i.e., for frequency 0 – f , Z decreases
r
R
R and for f to , Z increases. This is justified by graph c.
XL  XC 2  1
 tan   
r
R R 2
2. (b) At t = 0, phase of the voltage is zero, while phase of the 1
   CR  sec 1 .
current is  i.e., voltage leads by 100
2 2
From all the given options only option (a) is correct.
3. (c) At A : X C  X L 11. (b) From the graph shown below. It is clear that phase lead of N
At B : X C  X L 
over M is  . Since time period (i.e. taken to complete one
2
At C : X C  X L cycle) = 0.4 sec.
 Hence frequency  
1
 2 .5 Hz
4. (c) I lags behind I by a phase of , while I leads by a phase of
L R
2
C
T
 M N
.
2 /2
5. (d) As explained in solution (1) for frequency 0  fr , Z decreases
hence (i  V / Z), increases and for frequency fr  , Z
12. (d) In purely inductive circuit voltage leads the current by 90 . o
increases hence i decrees.

1 1
13. (c) X L  2fL  X L  f  
1 T XL f
6. (a) Vrms  0 10 dt  10 V
2
T
1
i.e., graph between and f will be a hyperbola.
1 XL
7. (b) For capacitive circuits X C 
C
14. (c) From phasor diagram it is clear that current is lagging with
V respect to E . This may be happen in LCR or LR circuit.
i   VC  i  
rms
XC 15. (c) At resonance X L  X C
T /2 16. (b) For anti-resonant circuit current is minimum at resonant


T/2
8. (c) Iav  0
i dt


0
I0 sin( t)dt frequency and at frequencies other than resonant frequency
current rises with frequency.
T /2
 dt T /2
1
0
17. (c) We have X C  and X L  L  2f
C  2f
  T  
2 I0   cos  t 
T /2  cos   o  1

2I
 0   2   cos 0  18. (d) Reactance X  X L  X C  2fL 
T   
0 T     2fC
 
  1 1 1
19. (b) XC   i.e. X C 
C 2fC f
2 I0 2 I0 2I
 [ cos   cos 0 o ]  [1  1]  0
T 2 
Assertion and Reason
9. (b) (1) For time interval 0 < t < T/2
1. (a) At resonant frequency, X L  X C  Z  R (minimum)
I  kt , where k is the slope
there for current in the circuit is maximum.
di 2. (c) When ac flows through an inductor current lags behind the
For inductor as we know, induced voltage V   L
dt emf., by phase of /2, inductive reactance,
X L  L   .2 f .L, so when frequency increases
 V1   KL correspondingly inductive reactance also increases.
T 3. (a) The capacitive reactance of capacitor is given by
(2) For time interval tT
2 1 1
XC  
I  Kt  V2  KL C 2fC
So this is infinite for dc (f = 0) and has a very small value for

10. (a) As the current i leads the voltage by , it is an RC circuit, hence ac. Therefore a capacitor blocks dc.
4
4. (b) The phase angle for the LCR circuit is given by
XC  1
tan    tan 
R 4  CR tan  
X L  X C L  1 / C

R R
  CR  1 as  = 100 rad/sec
Where X , X are inductive reactance and capacitive reactance 1
XC  . When capacitance (C)
L C
14. (a) Capacitive reactance

respectively when X > X then tan is positive i.e.  is positive
L C C
(between 0 and /2). Hence emf leads the current. increases, the capacitive reactance decreases. Due to decrease in
its values, the current in the circuit will increases
5. (a) If resistor is used in controlling ac supply, electrical energy will
be wasted in the form of heat energy across the resistance  
 E 
wire. However, ac supply can be controlled with choke without  I  2 

and hence brightness of source (or electric
any wastage of energy. This is because, power factor (cos) for  R 2
 X C 
resistance is unity and is zero for an inductance. [P = EI cos]. lamp) will also increases.
6. (a) When frequency of alternating current is increased, the 15. (b) As both the inductance and resistance are joined in series,
effective resistance of the inductive coil increases. Current hence current through both
VL
(X L  L  2fL) in the circuit containing inductor is given will be same. But in case of
resistance, both the current
V V V
by I   . As inductive resistance of the inductor and potential vary
X L 2fL simultaneously, hence they
increases, current in the circuit decreases. are in same phase. In case of 
I
an inductance when current VR
7. (e) On introducing soft iron core, the bulb will glow dimmer. This
is zero, potential difference
is because on introducing soft iron core in the solenoid, its
across it is maximum and when current reaches maximum (at
inductance L increases, the inductive reactance, X L   L
 t = /2), potential difference across it becomes zero i.e.
increases and hence the current through the bulb decreases.
potential difference leads the current by /2 or current lags
8. (b) Like direct current, an alternating current also produces behind the potential difference by /2, Phase angle in case of
magnetic field. But the magnitude and direction of the field
 L 
goes on changing continuously with time. LR circuit is given as   tan 1  .
 R 
9. (c) Both ac and dc produce heat, which is proportional to square
of the current. The reversal of direction of current in ac is 16. (b) We can use a capacitor of suitable capacitance as a chock coil,
immaterial so far as production of heat is concerned. because average power consumed per cycle in an ideal
capacitor is zero. Therefore, like a choke coil, a condenser can
10. (a) The effect of ac on the body depends largely on the frequency. reduce ac without power dissipation.
Low frequency currents of 50 to 60 Hz (cycles/sec), which are
commonly used, are usually more dangerous than high
frequency currents and are 3 to 5 times more dangerous than
dc of same voltage and amperage (current). The usual
frequency of 50 cps (or 60 cps) is extremely dangerous as it
corresponds to the fibrillation frequency of the myocardium.
This results in ventricular fibrillation and instant death.
11. (b) The mean average value of alternating current (or emf) during
a half, cycle is given by Im  0.636 I0 (or Em  0.636 E0 )
During the next half cycle, the mean value of ac will be equal in
magnitude but opposite in direction.
For this reason the average value of ac over a complete cycle is
always zero. So the average value is always defined over a half
cycle of ac.
12. (d) An ac ammeter is constructed on the basics of heating effect of the
electric current. Since heat produced varies as square of current
(H  I 2 R) . Therefore the division marked on the scale of ac
ammeter are not equally spaced.
13. (d) The power of a ac circuit is given by P  EI cos 
where cos is power factor and  is phase angle. In case of

circuit containing resistance only, phase angle is zero and
power factor is equal to one. Therefore power is maximum in
case of circuit containing resistor only.
1. A bulb and a capacitor are in series with an ac source. On increasing 8. A resistor R, an inductor L and a capacitor C are connected in series
frequency how will glow of the bulb change to an oscillator of frequency n. if the resonant frequency is nr , then
(a) The glow decreases (b) The glow increases the current lags behind voltage, when
(c) The glow remain the same (d) The bulb quenches (a) n  0 (b) n  nr
2. The r.m.s. current in an ac circuit is 2 A. If the wattless current be
(c) n  nr (d) n  nr
3 A , what is the power factor
9. If power factor is 1/2 in a series RL circuit R  100  . ac mains is
1 1 used then L is
(a) (b)
3 2 3
1 1 (a) Henry (b)  Henry
(c) (d) 
2 3 
2 .5 (c) Henry (d) None of these
3. F capacitor and 3000-ohm resistance are joined in series to 3

10. What will be the self inductance of a coil, to be connected in a series
an ac source of 200 volt and 50 sec 1 frequency. The power factor
of the circuit and the power dissipated in it will respectively with a resistance of  3  such that the phase difference
(a) 0.6, 0.06 W (b) 0.06, 0.6 W between the emf and the current at 50 Hz frequency is 30°
(c) 0.6, 4.8 W (d) 4.8, 0.6 W (a) 0.5 Henry (b) 0.03 Henry
4. The self inductance of a choke coil is 10 mH. When it is connected (c) 0.05 Henry (d) 0.01 Henry
with a 10V dc source, then the loss of power is 20 watt. When it is
connected with 10 volt ac source loss of power is 10 watt. The 11. The phase difference between the voltage and the current in an ac
frequency of ac source will be circuit is  / 4 . If the frequency is 50 Hz then this phase difference
(a) 50 Hz (b) 60 Hz will be equivalent to a time of
(c) 80 Hz (d) 100 Hz (a) 0.02 s (b) 0.25 s
(c) 2.5 ms (d) 25 ms
5. In an LCR circuit R  100 ohm. When capacitance C is removed,
the current lags behind the voltage by  / 3 . When inductance L is 12. The instantaneous values of current and emf in an ac circuit are
removed, the current leads the voltage by  / 3 . The impedance of I  1 / 2 sin 314 t amp and E  2 sin(314 t   / 6)V
the circuit is respectively. The phase difference between E and I will be
(a) 50 ohm (b) 100 ohm (a)  / 6 rad (b)  / 3 rad
(c) 200 ohm (d) 400 ohm
(c)  / 6 rad (d)  / 3 rad
6. A group of electric lamps having a total power rating of 1000 watt is
13. If A and B are identical bulbs which bulbs glows brighter
supplied by an ac voltage E  200 sin(310t  60) . Then the
(a) A 100 mH A
r.m.s. value o the circuit current is
(a) 10 A (b) 10 2 A (b) B
10 pF B
(c) Both equally bright
(c) 20 A (d) 20 2 A
(d) Cannot say
7. Following figure shows an ac generator connected to a "block box"
through a pair of terminals. The box contains possible R, L, C or 14. The instantaneous values of current and voltage in an ac circuit are
their combination, whose elements and arrangements are not known i  100 sin 314 t amp and e  200 sin(314 t   / 3)V
to us. Measurements outside the box reveals that
respectively. If the resistance is 1 then the reactance of the circuit
e = 75 sin (sin  t) volt, i = 1.5 sin ( t + 45 ) amp then, the wrong
o
will be
statement is
(a)  200 3  (b) 3
(a) There must be a
capacitor in the box ? (c)  200 / 3  (d) 100 3 
(b) There must be an
inductor in the box 15. What is the r.m.s. value of an alternating current which when passed
through a resistor produces heat which is thrice of that produced by
(c) There must be a resistance in the box a direct current of 2 amperes in the same resistor
(d) The power factor is 0.707
(a) 6 amp (b) 2 amp
(c) 3.46 amp (d) 0.66 amp
(SET -24)
8. (d) The current will lag behind the voltage when reactance of
1. (b) This is because, when frequency  is increased, the capacitive
inductance is more than the reactance of condenser. Thus,
1
reactance X C  decreases and hence the current 1 1
2C L  or  
C LC
through the bulb increases.
1
3 or n  or n  nr where n = resonant frequency.
2. (c) iWL  irms sin  3  2 sin  sin  2 LC
r
1 1 L 3
   60 o so p.f.  cos   cos 60 o  . 9. (a) cos      60 o tan 60 o   L H
2 2 R 
X L 2L 2  50  L
(d) tan     tan 30 o 
2
3. (c)  1  1 10. = 0.01 H.
Z  R2     (3000)2  R R  3
 2C 
2
 2 .5 
 2  50   10  6 
   T (1 / 50)  1
11. (c) Time difference      s  2.5 m- s
2 2 4 400
 Z  (3000)2  (4000)2  5  10 3 
12. (a) Phase difference relative to the current
R 3000  
So power factor cos     0.6 and power   (314 t  )  (314 t)  
Z 5  10 3 6 6
2
Vrms cos  (200)2  0.6
P  Vrms irms cos    P  4 . 8W 13. (a)  (X ) >> (X )
5  10 3
C L
Z
14. (b) V = i Z  200 = 100 Z  Z = 2
0 0
V2 (10) 2
4. (c) With dc : P   R  5;
R 20 Also Z 2  R 2  X L2  (2)2  (1)2  X L2  X L  3 
2
Vrms R (10) 2  5 15. (c) Heat produced by ac = 3  Heat produced by dc
With ac : P  2
 Z2   50  2
Z 10
 irms
2
Rt  3  i2 Rt  lrms
2
 3  22
Also Z 2  R 2  4 2 2 L2
 irms  2 3  3.46 A
 50  (5)2  4(3.14)2  2 (10  10 3 )2    80 Hz.
5. (b) When C is removed circuit becomes RL circuit hence

 X
tan  L .....(i)
3 R
When L is removed circuit becomes RC circuit hence

 X
tan  C .....(ii)
3 R
From equation (i) and (ii) we obtain X = X . This is the condition of
L C
resonance and in resonance Z = R = 100.
***
1 1
6. (b) P V0 i0 cos   1000   200  i0 cos 60 o
2 2
i0 20
 i0  20 A  irms    10 2 A.
2 2
7. (b) Since voltage is lagging behind the current, so there must be

no inductor in the box.

Alternating Current 24

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Alternating Current 24

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1350 Alternating Current

t t or V) is defined as peak value or amplitude.

printed on ac circuits are r.m.s. values.

Table 24.1 : Some important values

X L  L  2L  dc  0 so for dc, X = 0. V0 i0

 (4) Peak current i0 

(4) Power factor : cos   0 XL L

 (7) Leading quantity : Voltage

 (1) Applied voltage : V  VL  VC

(iii) Phase difference :  = 0  p.f. = cos  = 1o

1 R 2 rad Iron core

(1) It consist of a Cu coil wound over a soft iron laminated core.

 If ac is produced by a generator having a large number of poles

of the outer part. Higher the frequency of

2. The potential difference V and the current i flowing through an E0 E0

(a) Zero (b) 10 W (a) 155.6 volts (b) 220.0 volts

(c) 4 2 amperes (d) Zero amperes

7. In an ac circuit, peak value of voltage is 423 volts. Its effective

(d) Voltage leads the current by 60 o

current, I by the relation

(a) R + 2fL (b) R  4 f L

17. In a circuit containing an inductance of zero resistance, the e.m.f. of

18. In a pure inductive circuit or In an ac circuit containing inductance 1

circular coil of radius 30 cm and resistance  ohm is rotated about

(b) Lags behind the e.m.f. by 90 o

(a) 20 V (b) 10 V (a) Resistive (b) Capacitive

10 5 1 10 6 1 69. In an ac circuit the reactance of a coil is 3 times its resistance,

68. Power factor is maximum in an LCR circuit when

(a) 50V (b) 50 2 V

(c) Is always in phase with the voltage 220 V, 50 Hz

(c) 2500 rad  s 1 and

II. Reading in V is ahead in phase with reading in V

III. Readings in A and V are always in phase which of these

[AMU (Med.) 2001]

11. The voltage of an ac supply varies with time (t) as 1 4

and phase difference (between) V and i will be

(3) x 0 sin t  x 0 cos  t (iii)

1. Which one of the following curves represents the variation of

L, C, R circuit. Then for what frequency point, the circuit is

currents through R, L and C respectively, then the diagram which 2I0

(c) 2.5  / 2 (a) (b)

3. Assertion : Capacitor serves as a block for dc and offers an

(b) X is a resistor and X is a capacitor

(d) X is an inductor and X is a resistor

(a) a a Reason : The phase angle is the angle between the

6. Assertion : If the frequency of alternating current in an ac

Reason : The current is inversely proportional to frequency

f 7. Assertion : A bulb connected in series with a solenoid is

8. (d) The current takes

4. (b) Because power  i 2 R, if R = 0, then P = 0. 200 2  100  (1  10 6 )

82. (d) Z  R 2  (X L  X C )2  (11)2  (25  18) 2  13 

88. (a) V  VR2  (VL  VC )2  (40)2  (60  30)2  50 V

92. (d) Impedance Z  R 2  4 2 2 L2

 (12)2  4  (3.14)2  (50)2  (0.04) = 17.37 A

12. (d) Z  (R) 2  (X L  X C ) 2 ;

(100)2  (10)2  VL2  VL  99.5 Volt 1 1

and Vrms  4  1.41  5.64 V

x0 x 21. (d) At resonance net voltage across L and C is zero.

16. (c) Given X L  X C  5, this is the condition of resonance. So 1 T 2 T2

increases hence i decrees.

XC 15. (c) At resonance X L  X C

T /2 16. (b) For anti-resonant circuit current is minimum at resonant

14. (a) Capacitive reactance