Chapter 01 LP

Anatomy and Physiology: The Massage Connection (Third Edition)
Lesson Plans
Chapter 1 — An Orientation to the Human Body
Selected Key Terms

Goals of the Lesson: Frontal or coronal plane
Cognitive: Students will be able to define anatomy and physiology and describe each body system and its functions. Sagittal plane
They will be able to list the functions of the body necessary for survival and describe how the body gauges and Transverse or horizontal
adjusts to its environment. Students will be able to compare negative and positive feedback systems and describe plane
planes of division, anatomical position, and directional references. They will be able to identify regions of the body Anatomical position
and major cavities in the body, as well as the organs within each cavity. Students will be able to list the organizational Superior
levels of the body, describe the different chemical reactions in the body, and list the parts and describe the functions of Cranial
cells. They will be able to describe and compare the different types of tissue in the body and the effect of aging on Cephalic
tissues. Students will be able to describe the effects of massage on healthy tissue. Inferior
Caudal
Motor: N/A Anterior
Affective: N/A Posterior
Medial
Lateral
Learning Objectives: Deep
Internal
The lesson plan for each objective starts on the page shown below.
Superficial
External
1-1 Define anatomy and physiology. Proximal
............................................................................................................................................................................ Distal
1-3 Facial
Cranial
1-2 Briefly describe each body system and its function/s.
Cervical
............................................................................................................................................................................
Atom
1-4
Tissue
1-3 List the functions of the body necessary for survival. Organs
............................................................................................................................................................................ Systems
1-8 Hemostasis
1-4 Describe how the body gauges and adjusts to its environment. Feedback system
............................................................................................................................................................................ Epithelial tissues
1-9
1-5 Compare negative and positive feedback systems.
............................................................................................................................................................................
1-10
1-6 Describe the planes of division, anatomical position, and directional references.
Page 1-1
Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Chapter 1—An Orientation to the Human Body.
............................................................................................................................................................................
1-11
1-7 Identify the regions of the body.
............................................................................................................................................................................
1-13
1-8 Identify the major cavities in the body and list the organs within each cavity.
............................................................................................................................................................................
1-15
1-9 List the organizational levels of the body.
............................................................................................................................................................................
1-16
1-10 Describe the different chemical reactions in the body.
............................................................................................................................................................................
1-17
1-11 List the parts and describe the functions of cells.
............................................................................................................................................................................
1-19
1-12 Describe and compare the different types of tissue in the body and the effect of aging
on tissues.
............................................................................................................................................................................
1-21
1-13 Describe the effects of massage on healthy tissue.
............................................................................................................................................................................
1-23
You Will Need:

Gather the following materials and teaching aids for the following lessons:
1-6 Three large pieces of poster board or cardboard and three pairs of scissors
Page 1-2
Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Objective 1-1
Define anatomy and physiology. Date:
Lecture Outline
Figures, Tables, and Resources and Outside Assignments
Instructor’s Notes
Text PPt Features In-Class Activities Evaluation
Content
page slide
1 2 Figures In-Class Activities Outside Assignments

 Introduction
N/A Write the words Have students research
 Anatomy (“cutting open”):
“anatomy” and online to learn when
the study of external and
“physiology” on a white anatomy and physiology
internal structures of the body Boxes board in front of the class. were first studied in
and the physical relationship N/A Have students describe, in recorded history. Have
between the parts of the body
their own words, what them bring their findings
 Physiology: the study of the these terms mean. Jot to class to share.
functions of the various parts down their answers under
of the body each term.
Evaluation
N/A
Materials
N/A
Legend: PPt: PowerPoint; IRC: Instructor Resource Center (found at http://thepoint.lww.com/Premkumar3E); SRC: Student
Resource Center (found at http://thepoint.lww.com/Premkumar3e); SG: Study Guide.
Page 1-3
Objective 1-2
Briefly describe each body system and its function/s. Date:
Lecture Outline
Content
page slide
9–12 9–13 Figures In-Class Activities Outside Assignments

 Integumentary system
1-8: Systems of the body. Have students pair off and Have students pick two
 Structures
A. Integumentary. B. assign each pair a body different body systems
o Skin
Skeletal. C. Muscular. D. system. Have each pair that work together and
o Sweat Nervous. E. think up an analogy that have them write a
glands Cardiovascular. F. describes the functions of paragraph or two
o Nails Lymphatic. G. their body system. For describing how these
o Hair Respiratory. H. Endocrine. instance, the systems work together.
 Functions I. Reproductive. J. cardiovascular system is SG
o Protects Digestive. K. Urinary. kind of like a waste
body pp. 9–10, PPt 9–13 treatment facility, where Identification: Fill in the
o Maintains water is pumped in, has Blank
core temp the waste removed, and is pp. 9–10
Boxes pumped back out clean
 Skeletal system N/A
 Structures into rivers or lakes, where
Evaluation
o Bones it rejoins the water cycle.
N/A
o Bone
marrow Materials
o Joints N/A
 Functions
o Supports
body
o Protects
tissue & organs
o Joints:
hinges for movement
o Bones:
 Muscle attachment
sites
 Store nutrients
Page 1-4
 Manufacture blood
 Muscular system
 Structures
o Skeletal
muscle
o Cardiac
muscle
o Smooth
muscle
 Functions
o Allows
movement
o Allows
heart to beat & blood to
circulate
o Allows
digestion
o Allows
respiration
o Allows
excretion
o Helps
maintain body temp
 Nervous system
 Structures
o Brain
o Spinal
cord
o Nerves
o Supporting
tissues
 Functions
o Responds
to stimuli from inside &
outside body
o Integrates
sensed stimuli & produces
appropriate response
Page 1-5
o Coordinate
s activities of all other
organ systems
 Cardiovascular system
 Structures
o Heart
o Blood
vessels
o Blood
 Functions
o Circulates
blood
o Transports
oxygen, nutrients, &
hormones to various
tissues
o Carries
waste products from
tissues for excretion
 Lymphatic system
 Structures
o Lymph
vessels
o Lymph
nodes
o Lymphoid
tissue (tonsils, spleen,
thymus)
 Functions
o Defends
against infection &
disease
o Helps
remove excess water from
tissues
 Respiratory system
 Structures
o Nose
Page 1-6
o Nasal
cavities
o Pharynx
o Larynx
o Trachea
o Bronchial
tubes
o Lungs
 Functions
o Brings
oxygen into lungs for gas
exchange
o Removes
carbon dioxide
 Endocrine system
 Structures
o Hormones
o Glands
 Functions
o Manufactu
res hormones
o Prompts
long-term changes in
various organ & system
activities
 Reproductive system
 Structures
o Ovaries
o Fallopian
tubes
o Uterus
o Vagina
o Breasts
o Testis
o Vas
deferens
o Accessory
glands
Page 1-7
o Penis
 Functions
o Propagatio
n of species
o Developm
ent of male & female
characteristics
 Digestive system
 Structures
o Mouth
o Pharynx
o Esophagus
o Stomach
o Small &
large intestines
o Accessory
organs
 Functions
o Breaks
down food into form that
can be used by body
 Urinary system
 Structures
o Kidneys
o Ureters
o Bladder
o Urethra
 Functions
o Eliminates
excess water, salts, &
waste products
o Conserves
water & salt when body is
dehydrated
o Helps
maintain pH
Page 1-8
Objective 1-3
List the functions of the body necessary for survival. Date:
Lecture Outline
Content
page slide
12–13 14 Figures In-Class Activities Outside Assignments

 Preserving life: necessary
N/A Ask the class, “how is Have students research
functions
movement necessary to online and find three
 Metabolism: the countless
preserve life?” Write their specific examples of
chemical reactions in the cells Boxes answers on a white board. chemical reactions in the
of the body that fuel their N/A body that help keep the
activity
body alive. Have them
 Responsiveness: the body’s Materials bring these to the next
reaction, voluntary or not, to N/A class and briefly describe
changes in its internal & them.
external environment
 Movement: external
movement (muscles), such as Evaluation
walking, running; internal N/A
movement, such as blood &
lymph circulation
 Digestion: breaking down
food to circulate throughout
body and nourish cells
 Excretion: removing waste
from the body
 Reproduction: human
reproduction & cellular
reproduction
 Growth: increase in size of
an organism or structure
Page 1-9
Objective 1-4
Describe how the body gauges and adjusts to its environment. Date:
Lecture Outline
Content
page slide

 Maintaining homeostasis
1-9: Feedback systems. A. Have students hold their SG
 Homeostasis: a stable
Negative feedback. B. breath for a minute and Draw a Diagram
internal environment
Positive feedback. then resume breathing, as
 Feedback systems p. 14
p. 14 directed in the Assess
o A Yourself! box on p. 15.
sequence of events that Ask them how their Evaluation
helps maintain Boxes breathing rate changes,
Assess Yourself! N/A
homeostasis and then explain the
o Controlled p. 15 feedback mechanism
condition behind this phenomenon.
o Stimulus
o Receptor
o Control Materials
center N/A
o Effectors
o Negative
feedback: feedback loop
nullifies change that
occurs (blood pressure)
o Positive
feedback: feedback loop
intensifies change that
occurs (stretch of cervix)
Page 1-10
Objective 1-5
Compare negative and positive feedback systems. Date:
Lecture Outline
Content
page slide

 Feedback systems
1-9: Feedback systems. A. Ask students, “If the Have students research
 Negative feedback:
Negative feedback. B. maintenance of blood online and find one more
feedback loop nullifies
Positive feedback. pressure was a positive example, other than the
change that occurs (blood
p. 14 feedback system instead ones provided in the text,
pressure)
of a negative one, what of a positive or negative
 Positive feedback: feedback would be the feedback system in the
loop intensifies change that Boxes consequences?” body. Have them share
occurs (stretch of cervix) Assess Yourself! their findings at the next
p. 15 class.
Materials
N/A
Evaluation
N/A
Page 1-11
Objective 1-6
Describe the planes of division, anatomical position, and directional references. Date:
Lecture Outline
Content
page slide

 Navigating the body
1-1: Planes of division. Demonstrate anatomic SG
 Planes of division
p. 2, PPt 3 position before the class. Label a Diagram
o Frontal or
Then, assign students to
coronal: right to left three groups: one for p. 12
o Sagittal: 1-2: Anatomical position. frontal plane, one for
front to back p. 3, PPt 4 sagittal plane, and one for Evaluation
o Transvers transverse plane. Give N/A
e or horizontal: across each group a large piece
body 1-3: Directional terms
p. 3, PPt 5 of poster board or
 Anatomical position cardboard and a pair of
o Body erect scissors and have them
o Feet Tables demonstrate their assigned
parallel to each other & 1-1: Directional plane.
flat on floor References Finally, have students pair
o Arms at p. 4, PPt 5 off. Have one student in
sides each pair assume anatomic
o Palms position and the other
turned forward trace the directions you
o Fingers give on the other student’s
pointing down body. Starting at the
o Head & student’s fingertips on the
eyes directed forward right hand, call out
 Directional references instructions involving
o Superior/c directional terms, such as,
ephalic “move proximally 12
o Inferior/ca inches; move medially 2
udal inches; where are you
o Anterior/v now?”
entral
o Posterior/d
Page 1-12
orsal Materials
o Medial Three large pieces of
o Lateral poster board or cardboard
o Deep/inter and three pairs of scissors
nal
o Superior/e
xternal
o Proximal
o Distal
Page 1-13
Objective 1-7
Identify the regions of the body. Date:
Lecture Outline
Content
page slide

 Regions of the body
1-4: Body regions. A. Play “Simon Says” with SRC
 Head and neck
Anterior view. B. your class. Instead of Coloring Exercise based
o Frontal:
Posterior view. using familiar directions, on Fig. 1-4
forehead p. 5, PPt 6 however, such as, “Simon
o Orbital: says touch your nose,” use
eye the less familiar body Evaluation
o Otic: ear 1-5: Abdominal regions. region names. For N/A
o Buccal: A. The four instance, say, “Simon says
cheek abdominopelvic touch your buccal region.”
o Nasal: quadrants. B. The nine
nose regions of the abdomen.
o Oral: p. 6 Materials
mouth N/A
o Mental: Boxes
chin N/A
 Trunk
o Chest
 Pectoral: upper
anterior thorax
 Mediastinal:
between the lungs
 Axillary: armpit
 Vertebral: center of
back
 Scapular: shoulder
blade
o Abdomen
 Umbilicus: center
of abdomen
Page 1-14
 Pelvic: lowermost
part of abdomen
 Lumbar: lower back
 Gluteal: buttock
 Sacral: lowermost
part of back, in center
o Upper and
lower extremities
 Arm
 Acromial:
shoulder
 Brachium:
upper arm
 Antebrachium:
forearm
(elbow/cubital)
 Manus: hand
(wrist/carpal;
palmar; dorsal;
digital/phalangeal)
 Leg
 Thigh
(femoral)
 Knee (patellar)
 Leg
(shin/crural;
calf/sural)
 Foot
(ankle/tarsal;
heel/calcaneal;
sole/plantar;
top/dorsal;
digital/phalangeal)
Page 1-15
Objective 1-8
Identify the major cavities in the body and list the organs within each cavity. Date:
Lecture Outline
Content
page slide
6 7 Figures In-Class Activities Outside Assignments

 Body cavities
1-6: Body cavities. Top, Call out various organs to SG
 Cranial: brain
lateral view; bottom, the class and have them Label a Diagram
 Spinal: spinal cord anterior view. tell which body cavity the
 Thoracic p. 7, PPt 7 organ is located in. p. 13
o Pleural:
lungs
Evaluation
o Pericardial Boxes Materials
N/A N/A N/A
: heart
 Abdominopelvic
o Abdominal
: liver, gallbladder,
stomach, small & large
intestines, pancreas,
kidneys, spleen
o Pelvic:
reproductive organs,
urinary bladder, rectum,
lower part of intestines
Page 1-16
Objective 1-9
List the organizational levels of the body. Date:
Lecture Outline
Content
page slide

 Building the body: atoms to
1-7: Levels of Explain to the class how Have students research the
organisms
organization of the body massage can affect each of physiological effects of
 Chemical: smallest unit is
p. 8, PPt 8 the organizational levels massage on the body and
atom
of the body. present their findings at
 Cellular: cell is smallest the next class.
living part of body Boxes
 Tissue: a collection of cells N/A Materials
 Organ: group of different N/A Evaluation
tissues that perform the same N/A
function
 Systemic: group of organs
that share a common function
 Organismal: the living body
Page 1-17
Objective 1-10
Describe the different chemical reactions in the body. Date:
Lecture Outline
Content
page slide

 Exploring the chemical level
1-10: Structure of an Give some everyday Have students research
 Atoms
atom. examples of the various online and find one
o Structure
p. 16, PPt 17 types of chemical example of each type of
and number reactions, such as losing chemical reaction that
o Isotopes weight (decomposition occurs in the body.
o Energy 1-11: Ionic bond reaction).
levels formation (e.g., sodium
 Molecules and compounds chloride [table salt]). Evaluation
 Chemical bonds p. 17 Materials N/A
o Ionic N/A
bonds
1-12: Hydrogen covalent
o Covalent
bond formation.
bonds p. 18
o Hydrogen
bonds
 Chemical reactions 1-13: Polar covalent bond.
o Synthesis
reactions: kinetic energy p. 18
is used to form
compounds from
fragments 1-14: Hydrogen bonds
o Decompos holding water molecules
together.
ition reactions: break
p. 18
compounds into smaller
bits
o Exchange 1-15: Lipids. A.
reactions: compounds are Triglyceride (a simple fat).
merely scrambled, B. Phospholipid. C.
swapping atoms with one Cholesterol (a steroid).
another
Page 1-18
o Reversible p. 21
reactions: can proceed in
either direction
1-16: Structure of DNA.
 Chemical compounds
p. 22
o Inorganic
 Water
 Salts Tables
 Acids, bases, & pH 1-2: Elements in the Body
o Organic p. 16
 Carbohydrates
 Lipids
 Proteins
 Nucleic acids
 Adenosine
triphosphate
Legend: PPt: PowerPoint; IRC: Instructor Resource Center (found at http://thepoint.lww.com/Premkumar3e); SRC: Student
Page 1-19
Objective 1-11
List the parts and describe the functions of cells. Date:
Lecture Outline
Content
page slide

 Exploring the cellular level
1-17: A generalized Bring some slides SRC
 Cell structure
animal cell, sectional containing animal tissue Coloring Exercise based
o Cell
view. and a microscope to class on Fig. 1-17
membrane p. 24, PPt 21 so that students can see a
o Nucleus cell and its components up
o Cytoplasm close. Slides specifically SG
o Organelles 1-18: Cell membrane with for viewing cell organelles Identification: Fill in the
 Cytoskeleton membrane proteins. are available via the Blank
 Endoplasmic p. 24 internet.
reticulum and p. 12
ribosomes
1-19: Diffusion. Materials
 Golgi apparatus p. 27 Evaluation
(Golgi Complex) N/A
N/A
 Lysosomes and
peroxisomes 1-20: Osmosis. A. Region
 Centrosomes and of lower concentration. B.
centrioles Region of higher
 Cell membrane concentration.
projections: microvilli, p. 28
cilia, and flagella
 Cell function
1-21: Vesicular transport.
o Cell
A. Endocytosis. B.
membrane transport
Exocytosis.
 Passive transport p. 29
 Active transport
 Vesicular transport
o Cell 1-22: Stages of mitosis.
division—the cell life p. 30
cycle
Page 1-20
 Preparing for 1-23: Protein synthesis. A.

division Transcription. B.
 Mitosis and meiosis Translation.
 Interphase p. 32
 Prophase
 Metaphase
Boxes
 Anaphase N/A
 Telophase
o Protein
synthesis
Page 1-21
Objective 1-12
Describe and compare the different types of tissue in the body and the effect of aging on
tissues. Date:
Lecture Outline
Content
page slide

 Exploring the tissue level
1-24: Epithelial cells. A. Have a “Tissue Palpation SG
 Epithelial tissue
Simple squamous Lab,” in which you have Complete the Table
o Characteri
epithelium. B. Simple students pair off and
stics cuboidal epithelium. C. palpate one or two p. 16
 Arranged in a Simple columnar examples of each tissue
continuous sheet epithelium. D. Simple type on each other. As Evaluation
 Lacks a blood ciliated columnar. E. they palpate, have them N/A
supply Pseudostratified ciliated describe what each tissue
 Has a good nerve columnar epithelium. F. feels like.
supply Stratified squamous
 Stem cells multiply epithelium. G.
rapidly Transitional epithelium. Materials
o Classificati p. 34 N/A
on
 Simple
 Stratified 1-25: Connective tissue
 Glandular proper.
p. 35
 Connective tissue
o Functions
 Framework 1-26: Loose connective
 Transport tissue—adipose tissue.
 Protection p. 37
 Storage
 Sensors
o Features 1-27: Dense connective
tissue—tendon.
 Has specialized
p. 38
cells
 Protein fibers are
Page 1-22
present outside cells 1-28: Supporting

 Fibers and cells are connective tissue—
suspended in fluid cartilage.
known as ground p. 38
substance
o Extracellul
1-29: Muscle tissue.
ar matrix
p. 39, PPt 27
 Ground substance
 Fibers
o Connectiv 1-30: Nervous tissue. A. A
e tissue cells neuron or nerve cell. B.
 Fibroblasts Cross-section of a nerve.
 Adipocytes C. Brain tissue.
 Macrophages p. 40, PPt 28
 Microphages
 Mast cells Boxes
 Lymphocytes Table Talk
 Platelets p. 31
o Common
properties
 Fluidity and Table Talk
thixotropy p. 36
 Adhesion
o Classificati
on Table Talk
 Loose p. 37
 Dense
 Superficial & deep
fascia
 Bone
 Cartilage
 Hyaline
 Elastic
 Fibrocartilage
 Blood
 Membranes of the
body
 Muscle tissue
Page 1-23
o Skeletal
muscle
o Cardiac
muscle
o Smooth
muscle
 Nervous tissue
 Effects of aging on tissue
Page 1-24
Objective 1-13
Describe the effects of massage on healthy tissue. Date:
Lecture Outline
Content
page slide
41 29 Figures Resources Outside Assignments

 The massage connection
N/A IRC Case Study
 Effleurage, pétrissage, & Image Bank
tapotement text p. 41
PowerPoint Presentations
o Affect Boxes Lesson Plans
fluid component of tissue N/A Test Generator Review Questions
by:
 Increasing blood & text pp. 42–45
SRC
lymph flow
Coloring Exercises
 Reducing edema SG
Answers to Review
 Friction Questions Multiple Choice
o Effective Quiz Bank pp. 5–7
in treating adherent Acland’s Atlas of Human
connective tissue Anatomy video clips Short Answer
o Realigns Flash Cards pp. 8–9
collagen fibers during Stedman’s Audio
remodeling phase of Glossary Matching
healing p. 11
 Skin rolling, friction, & In-Class Activities
myofascial trigger & direct Demonstrate, using a Fill in the Blanks
fascial volunteer student from the p. 15
o Affect class, how friction
underlying connective techniques can loosen Practical Applications
tissue adhesions. p. 17
o Loosen
adhesions Evaluation
Materials
o Improve IRC
N/A
joint mobility Test Generator
o Cause
reactive hyperemia
SRC
Page 1-25
Quiz Bank
Page 1-26

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Chapter 01 LP

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Anatomy and Physiology: The Massage Connection (Third Edition)

Selected Key Terms

You Will Need:

1 2 Figures In-Class Activities Outside Assignments

9–12 9–13 Figures In-Class Activities Outside Assignments

12–13 14 Figures In-Class Activities Outside Assignments

13–15 15–16 Figures In-Class Activities Outside Assignments

13–15 16 Figures In-Class Activities Outside Assignments

2–3 3–5 Figures In-Class Activities Outside Assignments

4–5 6 Figures In-Class Activities Outside Assignments

6 7 Figures In-Class Activities Outside Assignments

6–7 8 Figures In-Class Activities Outside Assignments

15–23 17–20 Figures In-Class Activities Outside Assignments

23–31 21–23 Figures In-Class Activities Outside Assignments

 Preparing for 1-23: Protein synthesis. A.

31–41 24–28 Figures In-Class Activities Outside Assignments

present outside cells 1-28: Supporting

41 29 Figures Resources Outside Assignments

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