What are the modes of acquiring ownership?

therefore, not open to acquisition by adverse

1. Public Grant is the administrative method of
acquiring public lands, such as homestead settlement,
free patent and sales patent.
2. Private Grant is the voluntary transfer or conveyance
of privately owned property by an owner, such as by
sale or donation. It is the transfer of title to land by the
owner himself or his duly authorized representative to
another by mutual consent. The Consent of the grantor
is an essential element.
3. Voluntary Transfer of Private Grant is the process
by which a land is transferred with the consent and
conformity of the owner such as by sale or donation.
4. Involuntary Alienation or Involuntary Grant is the
process by which a land is taken against the consent of
the owner, such as expropriation proceedings,
execution of judgment, tax sales and foreclosure. This
method of transfer does not require the consent or
cooperation of the owner of the land, since this is
usually carried out against his will.
5. Descent or Devise (Descent) is acquired by virtue of
inheritance, which requires a degree of relationship.
(Devised) In devise, succession need not be in favor of
a relative. Title to the property is transferred by way of
will executed by the Testator. Title by descent may be
acquired by virtue of hereditary succession to the
estate of a deceased owner. To be an heir, it requires
certain degree or relationship with the decedent. In the
case of devise, however, succession need not be in
favor of a relative. Even a stranger may acquire title
by devise if appropriate disposition has been made in
his favor by the testator in the latter’s will.
6. Reclamation is the filling of submerged land by
deliberate act of the Government. In the Philippines,
there exists no such grant, express or implied, to
private landowners. It is only the government that can
assert title to reclaimed land.However,the government
may declare it property of the adjoining owners and as
an increment thereto only when it is no longer
necessary for public use.
possession by private persons.
Art. 457. To the owners of lands adjoining the
banks of rivers belong the accretion which they
gradually receive from the effects of the current of
the waters. (336)
8. Prescription is when one acquires ownership and
other real rights through the lapse of time in the
manner and under the conditions laid down by law. It
is a mode of acquisition of title through continuous,
open, adverse possession in the concept of an owner
for the period fixed by law.(as discussed in this
article )
What is the application of prescription concerning
properties of public dominion and patrimonial
property?
1. Public dominion cannot be acquired by prescription,
even by city or municipality
2. Patrimonial property of the State may be the subject of
acquisition through prescription
3. Public lands become patrimonial property upon
express government manifestation that the property is
already patrimonial and declaration that these are
already alienable and disposable.
4. And only when the property has become patrimonial
can the prescriptive period for the acquisition of
property of the public domain begin to run.
References:
Peña, N. (1966). Registration of Land Titles and
Deeds. Quezon City: Central Lawbook Publishing
Co., Inc.
Jurado, D. (1999). Civil Law Reviewer. Quezon City:
Rex Printing Company, Inc.

7. Accretion is the process by which a riparian land The New Civil Code of the Philippines
gradually and imperceptively receives addition made
by the water to which the land is contiguous. However,
this law cannot be invoked for application to cases
where the accretion is caused by action of the bay
which is a part of the sea, since such alluvial formation
along the seashore is part of the public domain and,