SPM ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS CALCULUS

QUESTION
DIFFERENTIATION
1. A ladder of 25𝑚 long rests against a vertical wall as shown in the diagram below.

If the foot of the ladder is sliding away from the base of the wall at a rate of 2𝑚𝑠 −1 ,
how fast, in is the top of the ladder sliding down the wall when the foot of ladder is
3𝑚 from the base of wall?

2. As an engineer, you are to design a track for a roller coaster.

ℎ

1
ℎ = − 𝑥 3 + 13𝑥 2 − 120𝑥 + 350
3

Point O is the starting point of the track. The track of the roller coaster is modelled by
1
the equation ℎ = − 3 𝑥 3 + 13𝑥 2 − 120𝑥 + 350, where ℎ is the height, in 𝑚.
 i. Find the horizontal distance of the maximum point of the roller coaster from point
𝑂.
ii. Find the height of the maximum point from the ground.
iii. Inflection point is a point where the speed of the roller coaster is the fastest.
Using the characteristic of inflection point:
𝑑2 ℎ
=0,
𝑑𝑥 2
find the coordinates of inflection point.

3. Mothball is a small pellet of a pungent substance put in among stored garments to keep
away clothes moths. Diagram below shows a spherical mothball with radius 𝑟 𝑐𝑚 and
volume 𝑉 𝑐𝑚3 .

i. Prove that the surface area, 𝐴 of the mothball can be represented by the equation
3
𝐴 = √36𝜋𝑉 2 .
ii. Given that the mothball shrinks at a rate of 0.004𝑐𝑚3 𝑠 −1 . At what rate the surface
area, 𝐴 of the mothball changes when the radius, 𝑟 = 0.5𝑐𝑚?
iii. It is observed that the volume of the mothball decreases from 1 𝜋 to 1 𝜋. Find the
6 8
approximate change in the surface area, 𝐴, of the mothball, in 𝑐𝑚2 .

4. A biologist is studying the number of population of a certain species in a habitat. He

claims that the number of population, 𝑁 varies with time, 𝑡 and this can represented by
the equation
396+20𝑡
𝑁 = 3+2𝑡 .

i. Find the initial number of population, 𝑁0 .

ii. Calculate the rate of growth of the number of population at time, 𝑡 = 9 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠.
iii. Calculate the approximate change in the number of population, 𝛿𝑁 as time changes
from 𝑡 = 9 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 to 𝑡 = 10.5 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠.
iv. Estimate the number of population after a long time.
5.

 𝑂 ℎ 𝑐𝑚

𝑟 𝑐𝑚

The above diagram shows a cone of height, ℎ 𝑐𝑚 and of base-radius 𝑟 𝑐𝑚 that is made
from a wooden spherical solid of radius 12𝑐𝑚.
The volume of the cone is 𝑉 𝑐𝑚3 .
i. Show that
(a) 𝑟 2 = 24ℎ − ℎ2 .
(b) 𝑉 = 1 𝜋(24ℎ2 − ℎ3 ).
3
ii. Hence, find the value of ℎ such that the volume of the cone is maximum.
INTEGRATION
1.
𝑦

𝑦 = −𝑥 2 + 9
𝑦=8

𝑥
−1 1

The above diagram shows a ring made by gold. The curve of the ring is represented by
the equation 𝑦 = −𝑥 2 + 9. The density of gold is 1.93𝑔 𝑚𝑚−3 and the price of gold per
gram is 𝑅𝑀202.
i. Find the volume of the ring, in 𝜋 𝑚𝑚3.
ii. How much does the ring cost? [Use 𝜋 = 22]
7

2.
𝑟 = 30𝑐𝑚

ℎ 𝑐𝑚

𝑥2
+ (𝑦 − 15)2 = 225
4

The above diagram shows a container. The curve of the container is modelled by the
𝑥2
equation 4 + (𝑦 − 15)2 = 225. The radius of the mouth of container is 30𝑐𝑚 while the
height of the container is ℎ 𝑐𝑚.
i. Find the value of ℎ.
ii. Find the capacity of the container.
 iii. 6372𝜋 𝑐𝑚3 of water is poured into the container. Calculate the radius of water
surface as viewed from top.

3. A chemist is studying the relationship between volume, 𝑉 of ammonia, 𝑁𝐻3 gas

produced and pressure, 𝑃 in Haber-Bosch process.
𝑉

𝑃
𝑂
𝑑𝑉 2200
He plots the above graph and finds out = (2𝑃+11)2 .
𝑑𝑃
i. 𝑑𝑉
Is 𝑑𝑃 an increasing or decreasing function?
2
ii. Given 𝑉 = 66 3 when 𝑃 = 11, express 𝑉 in terms of 𝑃.
iii. At which pressure 80𝑚3 of ammonia gas is produced?
iv. The chemist deduces the maximum volume of ammonia gas produced is 100𝑚3 no
matter how high the pressure is. Prove his deduction.

4. 𝑦

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 16

𝑥
−4 4

−4
 The above diagram shows the graph of 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 16.
i. Evaluate the value of ∫4 √16 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 in terms of 𝜋.
0
4
ii. Evaluate the value of 𝜋 ∫−4 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 in terms of 𝜋.

5.
𝑦 = −𝑥 2 + 2.5𝑥 + 1.5

2.5𝑚

0.125𝑚

The above diagram shows a door such that the curve of the top of the door is modelled
by the equation 𝑦 = −𝑥 2 + 2.5𝑥 + 1.5. Given the width of the door is 0.125𝑚, the
height of the lower part of door is 2.5𝑚, and its density is 650𝑘𝑔𝑚−3.
i. Find the breadth and maximum height of the door, in 𝑚.
ii. Find the area of the door, in 𝑚2 .
iii. Calculate the mass of the door. ( Ignore the mass of door knob )
 ANSWER
DIFFERENTIATION
1.
𝑦

𝑥
Form an equation in terms of 𝑥 and 𝑦.
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 25
𝑦 = √25 − 𝑥 2
1
𝑑𝑦 1
= 2 (25 − 𝑥 2 )−2 (−2𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑥
= − √25−𝑥 2

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
Find 𝑑𝑡 , given 𝑑𝑡 = 2.
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑑𝑥 × 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑥
= − √25−𝑥 2 × 2
3×2
= − √25−32
6
= −4
= −𝟏. 𝟓𝒎𝒔−𝟏

2. i. 𝑑𝑦
Use the characteristic of maximum point: 𝑑𝑥 = 0 to find 𝑥.
1
ℎ = − 3 𝑥 3 + 13𝑥 2 − 120𝑥 + 350
𝑑ℎ
𝑑𝑥
= −𝑥 2 + 26𝑥 − 120
0 = (𝑥 − 60)(𝑥 − 20)
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ, 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
∴ 𝑥 = 20
𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒛𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 = 𝟐𝟎

ii. Substitute the value of 𝑥 into the equation to find maximum ℎ.

1
ℎ = − 3 (20)3 + 13(20)2 − 120(20) + 350
𝒉 = 𝟒𝟖𝟑. 𝟑𝟑

iii. Use the characteristic of inflection point: 𝑑2 𝑦 = 0 to find 𝑥 and substitute the value
𝑑𝑥 2
of 𝑥 into the equation to find ℎ.
𝑑ℎ
𝑑𝑥
= −𝑥 2 + 26𝑥 − 120
 𝑑2 ℎ
= −2𝑥 + 26
𝑑𝑥 2
0 = −2𝑥 + 26
𝑥 = 13
1
ℎ = − 3 (13)3 + 13(13)2 − 120(13) + 350
= 254.67
∴ 𝑰𝒏𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕( 𝟏𝟑, 𝟐𝟓𝟒. 𝟔𝟕)

4
3. i. 𝑉 = 3 𝜋𝑟 3
3 3𝑉
𝑟 = √4𝜋
𝐴 = 4𝜋𝑟 2
2
3 3𝑉
= 4𝜋 (√4𝜋 )
2 2 2
= (4𝜋)1−3 × 33 × 𝑉 3
1 2
= (4𝜋 × 32 )3 × 𝑉 3
𝟑
𝑨 = √𝟑𝟔𝝅𝑽𝟐 (𝑺𝒉𝒐𝒘𝒏)

ii. Find 𝑉 given 𝑟 = 0.5 .

4
𝑉 = 3 𝜋𝑟 3
4
= 3 𝜋(0.5)3
𝜋
= 6

𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝑉
Find 𝑑𝑡 , given 𝑑𝑡 = −0.004.
3
𝐴 = √36𝜋𝑉 2
1
𝑑𝐴 2 3
= 3 ( √36𝜋) (𝑉 −3 )
𝑑𝑉
2 3 36𝜋
=3√ 𝑉
𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝑉
= 𝑑𝑉 ×
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
2 3 36𝜋
=3√ × (−0.004)
𝑉
2 36𝜋
= 3 3√ 𝜋 × (−0.004)
( )
6
= 4 × (−0.004)
= −𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟔𝒄𝒎𝟐 𝒔−𝟏

iii. Find 𝛿𝐴 given 𝛿𝑉 = − 1 𝜋.

24
𝛿𝐴 𝑑𝐴
≈ 𝑑𝑉
𝛿𝑉
1 1
𝛿𝐴 = 4 × (8 − 6)
𝟏
= − 𝟔 𝝅 𝒄𝒎𝟐
4. i. Substitute 𝑡 = 0 into the equation.
396+20𝑡
𝑁 = 3+2𝑡
396+20(0)
= 3+2(0)
= 𝟏𝟑𝟐

ii. 𝑑𝑁
Find .
𝑑𝑡
396+20𝑡
𝑁= 3+2𝑡
𝑑𝑁 (3+2𝑡)(20)−(396+20𝑡)(2)
= (3+2𝑡)2
𝑑𝑡
732
= − (3+2𝑡)2
732
= − [3+2(9)]2
= −𝟏. 𝟔𝟔𝟎

iii. Find 𝛿𝑁 given 𝛿𝑡 = 1.

𝛿𝑁 𝑑𝑁
≈
𝛿𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑁
𝛿𝑁 = 𝑑𝑡 × 𝛿𝑡
= −1.66 × 1.5
= −𝟐. 𝟒𝟗

iv. After a long time means 𝑡 is approaching infinity. Hence, find the limit of 𝑁 as 𝑡
approaches infinity.
396+20𝑡
lim 3+2𝑡
𝑡→∞
396 20𝑡
+
𝑡 𝑡
= lim 3 2𝑡
𝑡→∞ 𝑡 + 𝑡
396
+20 396 3
𝑡
= lim 3 𝐴𝑠 𝑡 → ∞, → 0, 𝑡 → 0
𝑡→∞ 𝑡 +2 𝑡
0+20
= 0+2
= 𝟏𝟎

5. i. (a)

12 𝑐𝑚

 𝑂 ℎ 𝑐𝑚

(ℎ − 12) 𝑐𝑚

𝑟 𝑐𝑚
 Use Pythagoras theorem.
122 = 𝑟 2 + (ℎ − 12)2
𝑟 2 = 144 − (ℎ2 − 24ℎ + 144)
= 24ℎ − ℎ2

(b) Substitute the answer in 5(i)(a) into the formula for volume of cone.
1
𝑉 = 3 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
1
= 3 𝜋(24ℎ − ℎ2 )ℎ
1
= 3 𝜋(24ℎ2 − ℎ3 )

ii. 𝑑𝑉
Use the characteristic of maximum point: 𝑑ℎ = 0 to find ℎ.
1
𝑉 = 3 𝜋(24ℎ2 − ℎ3 )
𝑑𝑉
= 16𝜋ℎ − 𝜋ℎ2
𝑑ℎ
0 = 16𝜋ℎ − 𝜋ℎ2
ℎ(16 − ℎ) = 0
ℎ 𝑚𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑏𝑒 0
∴ 𝒉 = 𝟏𝟔𝒄𝒎
 ANSWER
INTEGRATION
1. i. Use integration to find the volume of revolution about x-axis and minus the volume
of hole, which is cylindrical.
1
𝑉 = 𝜋 ∫−1(−𝑥 2 + 9)2 𝑑𝑥 − 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
1
= 𝜋 ∫−1 𝑥 4 − 18𝑥 2 + 81 𝑑𝑥 − 𝜋(8)2 (2)
1
𝑥5
= 𝜋 [ 5 − 6𝑥 3 + 81𝑥] − 128𝜋
−1
= 150.4𝜋 − 128𝜋
= 𝟐𝟐. 𝟒𝝅 𝒎𝒎𝟑

ii. Use simple multiplication to find the mass then the cost of ring.
22
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 22.4 × 7 × 1.93 × 202
= 𝑹𝑴𝟐𝟕𝟒𝟒𝟔. 𝟏𝟒

2. i. 𝑦

𝑥2
+ (𝑦 − 15)2 = 225
4
ℎ

𝑥
30
𝑥2
+ (𝑦 − 15)2 = 225
4
302
+ (ℎ − 15)2 = 225
4
(ℎ − 15)2 = 0
ℎ − 15 = 0
𝒉 = 𝟏𝟓𝒄𝒎

ii. Use integration to find volume of revolution about y-axis.

𝑥2
+ (𝑦 − 15)2 = 225
4
𝑥 = 900 − 4(𝑦 − 15)2
2
15
𝑉 = 𝜋 ∫0 900 − 4(𝑦 − 15)2 𝑑𝑦
15
4(𝑦−15)3
= 𝜋 [900𝑦 − ]
3 0
= 𝟗𝟎𝟎𝟎𝝅 𝒄𝒎𝟑

iii. Using the result of integration in 2(ii), find the value of 𝑦 which corresponds the
value 𝑉 = 6372𝜋.
4(𝑦−15)3
𝑉 = 𝜋 [900𝑦 − ]
3
 4(𝑦−15)3
6372 = 900𝑦 − 3
4(𝑦 3 −3375−45𝑦2 +675𝑦)
= 900𝑦 − 3
𝑦 3 − 45𝑦 2 + 1404 = 0
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟, 𝑦1 = 44.28, 𝑦2 = −5.284, 𝑦3 = 6
𝑦 𝑚𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑏𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 15 𝑎𝑠 15𝑐𝑚 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟,
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑏𝑒 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟
∴𝑦=6

Substitute the value of 𝑦 into the equation to get the value of 𝑥.

𝑥2
+ (𝑦 − 15)2 = 225
4
𝑥2
+ (6 − 15)2 = 225
4
𝑥 2 = 900 − 4(9)2
= 576
𝑥 = ±24
𝑥 𝑚𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑏𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒
∴ 𝑥 = 24
𝑹𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆 = 𝟐𝟒𝒄𝒎

3. i. 𝑑𝑉
Differentiate 𝑑𝑃 .
𝑑𝑉 2200
= (2𝑃+11)2
𝑑𝑃
𝑑2 𝑉
= −4400(2𝑃 + 11)−3 (2)
𝑑𝑃 2
8800
=−
(2𝑡+11)3
𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒
𝑑2 𝑉
∴ 𝑑𝑃2 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛
𝒅𝑽
𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏.
𝒅𝑷

ii. 𝑑𝑉
Integrate 𝑑𝑃 .
2200
𝑉 = ∫ (2𝑃+11)2 𝑑𝑃
1100
= − 2𝑃+11 + 𝑐
2 1100
66 3 = − 2(11)+11 + 𝑐
𝑐 = 100
𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎
∴ 𝑽 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝟐𝑷+𝟏𝟏

iii. Substitute 𝑉 = 80 into the equation to get the value of 𝑃.

1100
𝑉 = 100 − 2𝑃+11
1100
80 = 100 − 2𝑃+11
𝑃 = 𝟐𝟐𝒂𝒕𝒎
 iv. No matter how high the pressure means 𝑃 is approaching infinity. Hence, find the
limit of 𝑉 as 𝑃 approaches infinity.
1100
lim 100 − 2𝑃+11
𝑃→∞
1100
𝑃
= lim 100 − 2𝑃 11
𝑃→∞ +
𝑃 𝑃
1100
𝑃
= lim 100 − 11
𝑃→∞ 2+
𝑃
0 1100 11
= 100 − 2+0 𝑎𝑠 𝑃 → ∞, → 0, →0
𝑃 𝑃
= 100
∴ 𝑯𝒊𝒔 𝒅𝒆𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒊𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕.

4
4. i. The value of ∫0 √16 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 is equivalent to the area of a quadrant.
4 1
∫0 √16 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 4 𝜋𝑟 2
1
= 4 𝜋(4)2
= 𝟒𝝅

4
ii. The value of 𝜋 ∫−4 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 is equivalent to the volume of sphere.
4 4
𝜋 ∫−4 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 = 3 𝜋𝑟 3
4
= 3 𝜋(4)3
𝟏
= 𝟖𝟓 𝟑 𝝅

5. i. 𝑦

𝑥2
+ (𝑦 − 15)2 = 225
4

2.5

To find breadth, calculate the difference between two values of 𝑥 which

correspond to 𝑦 = 2.5 .
𝑦 = −𝑥 2 + 2.5𝑥 + 1.5
2.5 = −𝑥 2 + 2.5𝑥 + 1.5
𝑥 2 − 2.5𝑥 + 1 = 0
(𝑥 − 2)(2𝑥 − 1) = 0
𝑥 = 2, 0.5
∴ 𝐵𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑡ℎ = 2 − 0.5
 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝒎
𝑑𝑦
Use the characteristic of maximum point: 𝑑𝑥 = 0 to find 𝑥. Substitute the value of 𝑥
found into the equation to find maximum ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡.
𝑦 = −𝑥 2 + 2.5𝑥 + 1.5
𝑑𝑦
= −2𝑥 + 2.5
𝑑𝑥
0 = −2𝑥 + 2.5
𝑥 = 1.25
𝑦 = −(1.25)2 + 2.5(1.25) + 1.5
= 3.0625
∴ 𝑯𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟔𝟐𝟓𝒎

ii. Integrate the equation to get the area for the top of the door and use the formula
of area of rectangle for the lower part of door.
2
𝐴 = 2.5(1.5) + ∫0.5 −𝑥 2 + 2.5𝑥 + 1.5 𝑑𝑥
2
𝑥3
= 3.75 + [− + 1.25𝑥 2 + 1.5𝑥]
3 0.5
= 3.75 + 4.3125
= 𝟖. 𝟎𝟔𝟐𝟓𝒎𝟐

iii. Use simple multiplication to find the volume then the mass of door.
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 = 8.0625 × 0.125 × 650
= 𝟔𝟓𝟓. 𝟎𝟖𝒌𝒈