D1.1 Given Points M (-1,2,1), N (3,-3,0) and P (-2,-3,-4), Find (A) R (B) R + R (C) - R - (D) A (E) - 2 - 3 - Solution

D1.
1 Given points M(-1,2,1),N(3,-3,0) and P(-2,-3,-4),find (a) RMN

(b) RMN + RMP (c) |rM| (d) aMP (e) |2rP-3rN|.
SOLUTION:
(a) RMN M(-1,2,1)
RMN = rN - rM
RMN = (3x-3ay+0az)-(-1ax+2ay+1az) N(3,-3,0) rM
rN
= (3+1)ax +(-3-2)ay +(0-1)az
RMN = 4ax-5ay-az
(b) RMN + RMP = ? M(-1,2,1)
RMP = rP -rM
rM
= (-2,-3,-4) –(-1,2,1) P(-2,-3,-4)
= (-2+1)ax +(-3-2)ay+(-4-1)az rP
= -ax-5ay-5az
We know RMN = 4ax-5ay-az
RMN + RMP =(4ax-5ay-az)+ (-ax-5ay-5az)
= 3ax-10ay-6az
(c) |rM| =?
RM = (-ax+2ay+az)
|rM| =  (-1)2 + (2)2+(1)2
= √6
|rM| = 2.45
(d) aMP = ?
aMP = RMP
|RMP|
RMP = -ax-5ay-5az
______________
|RMP| =  (-1)2 + (-5)2+(-5)2
___
= √51
= 7.14
aMP = -ax-5ay-5az/7.14
=-0.14ax-0.7ay-0.7az
(e) |2rP-3rN|=?
Professor Aatif Saeed Preston University Islamabad Page 1
rP = -2ax –3ay-4az
2rP = -4ax-6ay-az
rN = 3ax -3ay+0az
3rN = 9ax-9ay+0az
2rP-3rN = (-4ax-6ay-az) – (9ax-9ay+0az)
= -13ax+3ay-8az
______________
|2rP-3rN|= (-13)2 + (3)2+(8)2
=√ 242
|2rP-3rN| = 15.56 ANSWER
D1.2. A vector field S is expressed in rectangular coordinates as S = {125/[(x

−1)2+(y−2)2+(z+1)2]}{(x −1)ax +(y−2)ay +(z+1)az}. (a) EvaluateS at P(2, 4, 3). (b)
Determine a unit vector that gives the direction of S at P.
SOLUTION:
(a) S = {125/[(x −1)2+(y−2)2+(z+1)2]}{(x −1)ax +(y−2)ay +(z+1)az}
S = {125/[(2 −1)2+(4−2)2+(3+1)2]}{(2 −1)ax +(4−2)ay +(3+1)az}
S = {125/[1+4+16]}{(ax +2ay +4az}
S = {125/21}{(ax +2ay +4az}
S =5.95{(ax +2ay +4az}
S=5.95 ax +11.9ay +23.8
(b) aS = S
│S│
│S│ = (5.95)2+(11.9)2+(23.8)2
=35.40+141.61+556.96
=733.97
│S│ = 27.079
= 5.95 ax +11.9ay +23.8az /27.09
= 0.219ax+0.436ay+0.878az ANSWER
D1.3 The three vertices of a triangle are located at A(6,–1,2),B(–2,3,–4), and C(–3,1,5). Find: (a) RAB; (b) RAC;
(c) an angle θBAC at vertex A; (d) the vector projection of RAB on RAC.
SOLUTION:
(a)RAB = rB -rA
R AB  (2a x  3a y  4a z )  (6a x  a y  2a z )
 8a x  4a y  6a z
(b) RAC =rC -rA

 9a x  2a y  3a z
(c) R AB  R AC  R AB R AC cosBAC
R AB  R AC
 cos  BAC 
R AB R AC
(8a x  4a y  6a z )  (9a x  2a y  3a z )

(8)2  (4) 2  (6) 2 (9) 2  (2) 2  (3) 2
 0.594
62

116 94
  BAC  cos 1 (0.594)

 53.56
(d) R AB on R AC   R AB  a AC  a AC
 
( 9a x  2a y  3a z )  ( 9a x  2a y  3a z )

 ( 8a x  4a y  6a z ) 
 ( 9) 2  (2) 2  (3) 2  ( 9)  (2)  (3)
2 2 2
 
62 ( 9a x  2a y  3a z )

94 94
 5.963a x  1.319a y  1.979a z
ANSWER
D1.4. The three vertices of a triangle are located at A(6,−1, 2), B(−2, 3,−4),and C(−3, 1, 5). Find:
(a) RAB × RAC; (b) the area of the triangle; (c) a unit vector perpendicular to the plane in
which the triangle is located.
SOLUTION: A
(a) RAB = rB -rA
RAB = (-2,3,-4)-(6,-1,2) RAB rA
=(-2-6),(3+1),(-4-2)
= -8,4,-6 B C
rB
RAB = -8ax+4ay-6az
RAC =rC -rA
RAC = (-3,1,5)-(6,-1,2) A
= (-3-6),(1+1),(5-2) RAc rA
= -9,2,3
= -9ax+2ay+3az C rC B
RAB  RAC = ax ay az
-8 4 -6
-9 2 3
= ax(4x3 -2(-6))-ay(-8x3 –(-6)(-9))+az(2(-3)-4(-9))

=ax(12+12)-ay(-24-54)+az(-16+36)
= 24ax -78ay+20az A
(b) Area =1/2│ RAB × RAC│
= 1/2│24ax -78ay+20az│
=1/2(24)2 + (-78)2 + (20)2 B C

=1/2576+6084+400
=1/2 7060
=1/2(84.0)
= 42.0
(c) Unit vector perpendicular to the plane in which triangle is located =?
Unit vector of RAB × RAC = RAB × RAC
│ RAB × RAC│
= 24ax -78ay+20az /84.0
= 0.286ax+0.928ay+0.238az ANSWER
D1.5. (a) Give the rectangular coordinates of the point C(ρ = 4.4, φ =−115◦, z = 2).
(b) Give the cylindrical coordinates of the point D(x =−3.1, y = 2.6, z = −3). (c)
Specify the distance from C to D.
Solution:
(a) polar coordinates into rectangular coordinates
Given: ρ = 4.4, φ =−115◦, z = 2
And x = ρcos φ
y = ρsin φ
z = z
so x = 4.4cos(-1150)
x = -1.860
y = 4.4sin(-1150)
y = -3.99
z=2
therefore rectangular coordinates of point C are x = -1.860, y = -3.99, z = 2
C (x = -1.860, y = -3.99, z = 2)
(b) Rectangular coordinates into cylindrical coordinates
Given: x = − 3.1, y = 2.6, z = − 3
And ρ = x2+y2
φ = tan-1y/x
z = z
Now ρ = (-3.1)2+(2.6)2
= 9.61+6.76
= 16.37
ρ = 4.05
φ = tan-1(2.6/-3.1)
φ = -39.90
Angle is in II quadrant so
φ = 1800-39.90
φ = 1400
z = -3
therefore cylindrical coordinates of point D are ρ = 4.05, φ = -3.990, z = -3
D(ρ = 4.05, φ = -3.990, z = -3)
(c) Distance from C to D
C = -1.860ax-3.99ay+2az
point D(x =−3.1, y = 2.6, z = −3) RCD = rD - rC

= ( -3.1ax-2.6ay-3az)- (-1.860ax-3.99ay+2az)
= -1.24ax+6.59ay-5az
│RCD│ = (-1.24)2+(6.59)2+(-5)2
│RCD│ =8.36 ANSWER
D1.6. Transform to cylindrical coordinates: (a) F = 10ax −8ay+6az at point P(10,−8, 6); (b)G =
(2x+y)ax −(y−4x)ay at point Q(ρ, φ, z). (c) Give the rectangular components of the vector H =
20aρ − 10aφ + 3az at P(x = 5,y = 2, z = −1).
Solution:
(a) F = 10ax−8ay+6az
FP = F.aP = (10ax−8ay+6az).aP
= 10ax.aP-8ay.aP+6az.aP
= 10cosφ-8sinφ+0 (1)
For point P, x = 10 ,y = -8
Φ = tan-1y/x
= tan-1(-8/10)
= -38.65980
As y is –ve and x is +ve φ is in the 4th quadrant.hence φ calculated is correct
Cosφ=0.7808 ,sinφ= -0.6246
(1) FP = 10(0.7808)-8(-0.6246)
= 12.804aP
Fφ = F.aφ = (10ax−8ay+6az).aφ
=10ax.aφ−8ay.aφ+6az.aφ
= 10(-sinφ)-8(cosφ)+0
= 10(-0.6246)-(0.7808)
= -6.246+6.246
Fφ = 0
FZ= F.az = (10ax−8ay+6az).az

=10ax.az−8ay.az+6az.az
= 0+0+6az
Hence F = 12.4aP+6az
(b) G = (2x+y)ax −(y−4x)ay
GP =G.aP =( (2x+y)ax −(y−4x)ay ).aP
= (2x+y)ax.aP−(y−4x)ay.aP
= (2x+y)cosφ−(y−4x)sinφ
=(2ρcosφ+ ρsinφ)cosφ−(ρsinφ−4ρcosφ)sinφ
= 2ρcos2φ+ ρsinφcosφ−ρsin2φ+4ρcosφsinφ
=( 2ρcos2φ+ 5ρsinφcosφ−ρsin2φ)aP
Gφ =G.aφ =( (2x+y)ax −(y−4x)ay ).aφ
= (2x+y)ax.aφ−(y−4x)ay.aφ
= -(2x+y) sinφ −(y−4x) cosφ
=-(2ρcosφ+ ρsinφ) sinφ −(ρsinφ−4ρcosφ)cosφ
= (4ρcos2φ−ρsin2φ-3ρcosφsinφ)aφ
Gz =G.az =( (2x+y)ax −(y−4x)ay ).az
= (2x+y)ax.az−(y−4x)ay.az
=0
Hence G =( 2ρcos2φ+ 5ρsinφcosφ−ρsin2φ)aP ++(4ρcos2φ−ρsin2φ-3ρcosφsinφ)aφ
(c) H = 20aρ − 10aφ + 3az
Hx = H.ax = (20aρ − 10aφ + 3az).ax
= 20aρ.ax − 10aφ.ax + 3az.ax
= 20cosφ+10sinφ
At point P , x = 5 , y = 2 ,z = -1
Φ = tan-1y/x
= tan-1(2/5)
= 21.80140
Cosφ=0.9284 ,sinφ= -0.3714
Hx = 20(0.9284) + 10(0.3714)
= 22.282
Hy = H.ay = (20aρ − 10aφ + 3az).ay
= 20aρ.ay − 10aφ.ay + 3az.ay
= 20sinφ-10cosφ
= 20(0.3714) -10(0.9284)
= -1.856
Hz = H.az = (20aρ − 10aφ + 3az).az
= 20aρ.az − 10aφ.az + 3az.az
= 0+0+3
=3
Hence H = (22.3,-1.857,3) ANSWER
D1.7. Given the two points, C(−3, 2, 1) and D(r =5, θ =20◦, φ= −70◦),find: (a) the
spherical coordinates of C; (b) the rectangular coordinates of D;
(c) the distance from C to D.
Solution:
(a) C = -3,2,1
r = x2+y2+z2
=-32+22+12
= 3.742
 = cos-1 z
x2+y2+z2
= cos-1 (1/3.742)
 = 74.50
φ = tan-1y/x
φ = tan-12/-3
= -33.690+1800
= 146.310
Hence C(r=3.742,  =74.500 , φ =146.310)
(b) D(r =5, θ =20◦, φ= −70◦)
X = rsincosφ y = rsinsinφ
0
= 5sin(20)cos(-70 ) =5sin(20)sin(-700)
=5(0.342)(0.342) =5(0.342)(-0.939)
= 0.585 = -1.60
Z = rcos
= 5cos(200)
= 5(0.939)
= 4.698
Hence D (x = 0.585,y = -1.607,z = 4.698)
(c) Distance from C to D
C = -3ax+2ay+az
D =0.585ax-1.607ay+4.70az
RCD = rD - rC
= (0.585ax-1.607ay+4.70az)- (-3ax+2ay+az)
= 3.585ax-3.607ay+3.7az
│RCD│ = (3.585)2+(-3.607)2+(3.7)2
│RCD│ =6.289  6.29 ANSWER

D2.1. A charge QA = −20μC is located at A(−6, 4, 7), and a charge QB = 50μC is at
B(5, 8,−2) in free space. If distances are given in meters, find:
(a) RAB; (b) │RAB│. Determine the vector force exerted on QA by QB if € 0 =: (c) 10-
9/(36π) F/m; (d) 8.854 × 10-12 F/m.
Solution:
(a) RAB = rB - rA
= (5-(-6))ax +(8-4)ay +(-2-7)az
= 11ax+4ay -9az
(b) │RAB│=(11)2+(4)2+(-9)2
= 14.76m
(c) FAB = QAQBRAB
4o │RAB│3
= ( -20 10-6)(5010-6)( 11ax+4ay -9az )/4(10-9/36)│14.7│3

= -9 103 10-610-6109( 11ax+4ay -9az ) │14.7│3
=30.76ax+11.184ay -25.16az mN
(d) FAB = QAQBRAB
4o │RAB│3
= ( -20 10-6)(5010-6)( 11ax+4ay -9az )/48.8510-12│14.7│3

= -103 10-121012( 11ax+4ay -9az) /48.85│14.7│3
=30.72ax+11.169ay -25.13az Mn ANSWER
D2.2. A charge of −0.3μC is located at A(25,−30, 15) (in cm), and a second charge of
0.5μC is at B(−10, 8, 12) cm. Find E at: (a) the origin; (b) P(15, 20, 50) cm.
Solution:
(a) Let E at the origin is denoted by E0 and it will be the sum of EA(E due to QA located at point A)
and EB(E due to QB located at point B)
EA = QAROA
4o │ROA│3
ROA = (0-(25))ax +(0-(-30))ay +(0-15)az cm

= -25ax+30ay -15az
│ROA│=(-25)2+(30)2+(-15)2
=41.83cm
EA = (-0.310-6)( -25ax+30ay -15az)/4  8.85  10-12│41.83 10-2│3
= -368.55(-25ax+30ay -15az)
EB = QBROB
4o │ROB│3
ROB = (0-(-10))ax +(0-8)ay +(0-12)az cm

= 10ax-8ay -12az
│ROB│=(10)2+(-8)2+(-12)2
=17.55cm
EB = (0.510-6)( 10ax-8ay -12az)/4  8.85  10-12│17.55 10-2│3
= 8317.36(10ax-8ay -12az )
E = EA + EB
= -368.55(-25ax+30ay -15az)+ 8317.36(10ax-8ay -12az)
=92,3ax -77.6ay -94.2az KV/m
(b) Now at point P
RPA = (15-25)ax +(20-(-30))ay +(50-15)az
= -10ax+50ay+35az
│RPA│= (-10)2+(50)2+(35)2
=61.84
EPA = QARPA
4o │RPA│3
= (-0.310-6)( -10ax+50ay +35az)/4  8.85  10-12│61.84 10-2│3
= -114.003( -10ax+50ay +35az)
RPB = (15-(-10))ax +(20-8)ay +(50-12)az
= 25ax+12ay+38az
│RPB│=(25)2+(12)2+(38)2
=47.04
EPB = QBRPB
4o │RPB│3
= (0.510-6)( 25ax+12ay +38az)/4  8.85  10-12│47.04 10-2│3
= 431.54(25ax+12ay +38az)
Er = EPA +EPB
=-114.003( -10ax+50ay +35az)+ 431.54(25ax+12ay +38az)
= 11.9ax -0.519ay +12.4az KV/m ANSWER
D2.3.Evaluate the sum: (a) ∑𝟓𝒎=𝟎 𝟏 + (−𝟏)m/m2+1 (b) ∑𝟒𝒎=𝟏(𝟎. 𝟏)𝒎 + 𝟏2/(4+m2)1.5
SOLUTION: (a)
𝑚 = 0 ∶ 1 + (−1)0/02+1 = 2
𝑚 = 1 ∶ 1 + (−1)1/12+1 = 0
𝑚 = 2 ∶ 1 + (−1)2/22+1 = 2/5
𝑚 = 3 ∶ 1 + (−1)3/32+1 = 0
𝑚 = 4 ∶ 1 + (−1)4/42+1 = 2/17
𝑚 = 5 ∶ 1 + (−1)5/52+1 = 0
∑5𝑚=0 1 + (−1)m/m2+1 = 2+0+2/5+0+2/17+0 = 2.52
(b)
m = 1 : (0.1)1+12/(4+12)1.5 =1.1/11.18
m = 2 : (0.1)2+12/(4+22)1.5 =1.01/22.62
m = 3 : (0.1)3+12/(4+32)1.5 =1.001/46.87
m = 4 : (0.1)4+12/(4+42)1.5 =1.0001/89.44
4
∑𝑚=1(0.1)𝑚 + 12/(4+m2)1.5 = 0.1755
D2.4. Calculate the total charge within each of the indicated volumes: (a) 0.1 ≤ |x|, |y|, |z| ≤ 0.2: ρν =
1/ x3 y3z3 ; (b) 0 ≤ ρ ≤ 0.1, 0 ≤ φ ≤ π, 2 ≤ z ≤ 4; ρν = ρ2z2 sin 0.6φ; (c) universe: ρν = e−2r /r 2.
Solution:

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2
(a) Q = vol ρdv =    1/ x y z dxdydz +   1/ x y z
3 3 3 3 3 3
dxdydz
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1
= 1 _ 1 = 1 _ 1 = 0
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2
8x2│ y2│ z2│ 8x2│ y2│ z2│ 8  (0.03) 8  (0.03)
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1
0.1  4
(b)   ρ3z2sin0.6 φdzdρdφ
0 0 0
0.1 4 
= ρ dρ z dz sin0.6dφ
3 2
0 0 0
 0.1 4
= (-cos0.6φ/0.6)│ (ρ4/4)│ (z3/3)│ =1.018 Mc
0 0 0
 2 2
(c)    e sindφddr
-2r
0 0 0
 2 2
=  e 2rdr sin d dφ
-
0 0 0
 2 2
= (-e-2r/2)│(cos )│(φ)│
0 0 0
= -6.28 C ANSWER
D2.5. Infinite uniform line charges of 5 nC/m lie along the (positive andnegative) x and y axes in free space.
Find E at: (a) PA(0, 0, 4); (b) PB(0, 3, 4).
Solution:
(a) E(PA) = PLx .apx + PLy .apy

20px 20py
= 5 10-9 0ax +0ay+4 az + 5 10-9 0ax +0ay+4 az
20(4)  0 +0+42 20(4)  0 +0+42
= 22.47az + 22.47az
= 44.939 az v/m
(b) E(PB) = PLx .apx + PLy .apy
20px 20py
= 5 10-9 0ax +3ay+4 az + 5 10-9 0ax +3ay+4 az

20(5)  0 +32+42 20(4)  0 +32+42
= 5 10-9 (0.6ay+0.8az) + 5 10-9 .az
20(5) 20(4)
= 10.785ay +36.850az v/m ANSWER
D2.6. Three infinite uniform sheets of charge are located in free space asfollows: 3 nC/m2 at z = −4, 6
nC/m2 at z = 1, and −8 nC/m2 at z = 4.Find E at the point: (a) PA(2, 5,−5); (b) PB(4, 2,−3); (c) PC(−1,−5,
2); (d)PD(−2, 4, 5).
(i) Electric field due to 3 nC/m2 : E1 = s aN = 3 10-9 aZ = 169.5 aZ

20 20
(ii) Electric field due to 6nC/m2 : E1 = s aN = 610-9 aZ = 338.8 az
20 20
(iii) Electric field due to -8 nC/m2: E1 = s aN = -8 10-9 aZ = -451.76 az
20 20
According to direction of point relative to normal
(a) E = - E1 – E2 – E3 = -56.6 az v/m
(B) E = + E1 – E2 – E3 = 283 az v/m
(c) E = + E1 + E2 – E3 = 961 az v/m
(d) E = + E1 + E2 + E3 = 56.6 az v/m
D2.7. Find the equation of that streamline that passes through the pointP(1, 4, −2) in the field E = (a)
−8x/yax +4x2/y2 ay; (b) 2e5x [y(5x +1)ax +xay ].
Solution :
(a) E = ( -8x/y )ax + ( 4x2/y2 )ay P (1,4,-2 )
dy/dx = Ey/Ex
dy/dx = ( -8x/y ) ( 4x2/y2 )
dy/dx = -x/2y
2ydy = -xdx
2ydy = -xdx
x2 +2y2 = c
put x=1 and y = -4 for value of c
(1)2 + 2 (-4)2 = c
C = 33
So x2 +2y2 = 33
(b) dy/dx = Ey /Ex
dy/dx = ( y(5x + 1 ) ( x )
D3.2. Calculate D in rectangular coordinates at point P(2,−3, 6) producedby: (a) a point charge QA =
55 mC at Q(−2, 3,−6); (b) a uniform linecharge ρLB = 20 mC/m on the x axis; (c) a uniform surface
charge density ρSC = 120 C/m2 on the plane z = −5 m.
Solution :
Q(−2, 3,−6) and P(2,−3, 6 )
RPQ = (2 - (-2) ) ax + (-3 - 3) ay + (6 - (-6) ) az = 4ax - 6ay + 12az
│RPQ│ =  (4)2 + (-6)2 + (12)2

= 196
= 14
D = (55  10 (4ax - 6ay + 12az)) (4(14)3)
-3
= 6:38ax – 9.57ay + 19.14az Cm2

L= 20mC along X axis (  X  )
( c ) E = PLx .Rpx
20 │Rpx│2
Rpx = P(2,-3,6) - (x, 0, 0) = (2 - x)ax - 3ay + 6az
│RPx│ =  (-3)2 + (6)2
= 45
D = 0E
D = PLx .Rpx
2│Rpx│2
= 20 10-3(-3ay + 6az)  245
D = -212ay + 424az Cm2
E = s az
20
= 120 az
20
= 60 az
0
D = 0E = 60 az ANSWER
D3.3. Given the electric flux density, D = 0.3r 2ar nC/m2 in free space:(a) find E at
point P(r = 2, θ = 25◦, φ = 90◦); (b) find the total chargewithin the sphere r = 3; (c)
find the total electric flux leaving the sphere r = 4.
Solution:
(a) E =? at point P(r = 2, = 250 ,  = 900)
D = 0E
E = D 0
= (0.3 r2arnCm2) 8.85 10-12Fm
= (0.3 22arnCm2) 8.85 10-12Fm
= 135.5 arVm
(b) Q = ? for a sphere of radius r=3
Q = ∮ 𝐷. 𝑑𝑠
ds = r2sindd
2 
Q = 0.3r2  10-9 ∫0 ∫0 𝑟2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑑
= 0.3 r2(4r2) 10-9
= 1.2r410-9
= (1.2r4)r=4 10-9
= 305 nc
( c )  = Q =?
for a sphere of radius r=4
 = 1.2r410-9
= (1.2r4)r=4 10-9
= 965 c ANSWER
D3.4. Calculate the total electric flux leaving the cubical surface formed by the six planes x, y, z =  5 if
the charge distribution is: (a) twopoint charges, 0.1 C at (1,−2, 3) and 1/7C at (−1, 2,−2); (b) a uniform
line charge of π C/m at x = −2, y = 3; (c) a uniform surface charge of 0.1 C/m2 on the plane y = 3x.
Solution :
(a) since both the given charges are enclosed by the cubical volume according to the gauss's law
 = Q1 + Q2
 = 0.1C + (17)C = 0.243C
(b) L = C at (-2,3,z)
x=-2 and y=3 and is parallel to z axis, the total length of this charge distribution enclosed by the given
cubical volume is 10 units as z = 5 so
 =Q = L  10 = 10 = 31.4C
( c ) s = 0.1 C on the plane y=3x, now this is a straight line equation in xy plane which passes
through the origin.
103
10
y = 3x
10
The length is moving up and down along z axis between z = 5
By putting y=5 and x=5/3
L1 = (5)2 + ( 5/3)2
= 25 + 259
L1 = 5.270
The same length we will get on the plane formed by –ve x and –ve y axis
L2 = (-5)2 + (- 5/3)2
= 25 + 259
L2 = 5.270
L = 5.270 + 5.270
= 10.540
Now this straight line is moving between z = 5 to form a plane whose area is given by
1010.540 = 105.40
surface charge density s = 0.1C
now according to gauss's law = Qenclosed
 = s  (area of the plane)
= 0.1C (105.40) = 10.54C ANSWER
D3.5. A point charge of 0.25 C is located at r = 0, and uniform surface charge densities are located as
follows: 2 mC/m2 at r = 1 cm, and −0.6 mC/m2 at r = 1.8 cm. Calculate D at: (a) r = 0.5 cm; (b) r = 1.5
cm; (c) r = 2.5 cm. (d) What uniform surface charge density should be established at r = 3 cm to cause D
= 0 at r = 3.5 cm?
Solution:
(a) r = 0.5cm and Q1 = 0.25c
D = (Q4r2)ar
D = (0.25 10-64(0.5 10-2)2ar ( as r=0.5cm and Q1 = 0.25c )
= 796 arC
(b) Q2 = s  (area of the sphere)
= 2  10-3 cm  4(1  10-2)2 ( r = 1cm)
= 2.513  10-6 c
D = (Q1 + Q2 4r2)ar
D = (0.25 10-6 + 2.513  10-6 4(1.5 10-2)2ar ( r = 1.5 cm)
= 977 arC
(c) Q3 = s  (area of the sphere)
= -0.6  10-3 cm  4(1.8  10-2)2

= - 2.5  10-6 c
D = (0.25 10-6 + 2.513  10-6 - 2.5  10-6 4(2.5 10-2)2ar ( r = 2.5 cm)
= 40.74 arC
(d) Q4 = 4(3 10-2)2  s ( r = 3 cm)
D = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + 4(3 10-2)2  s = 0
4(0.035)2
= -28.29 arC ANSWER
D3.6. In free space, let D = 8xyz4ax+4x2z4ay+16x2yz3az pC/m2. (a) Find the total electric flux passing
through the rectangular surface z = 2, 0 < x < 2, 1 < y < 3, in the az direction. (b) Find E at P(2,−1, 3). (c)
Find an approximate value for the total charge contained in an incremental sphere located at P(2,−1, 3)
and having a volume of 10−12 m3.
Solution :
a)  = ∮ 𝐷. 𝑑𝑠 (8xyz4ax + 4x2z4ay + 16x2yz3az)dxdydz
3 2
 =  (8xyz4ax + 4x2z4ay + 16x2yz3az)dxdydz

1 0
3 2
 =   16x2yz3dxdy
1 0
3 2
 = 16z3  ydy  x dx 2
1 0
= 16z 3
 4  83z = 2
= 1365 pc
(b) D = 0E
E = D 0
E = (8xyz4ax + 4x2z4ay + 16x2yz3az) 10-2

8.85 10-2
X =2,y = -1, z = 3
E = -1296 ax + 1296 ay + 1728 az
8.85 10-2
E = 14064 ax + 146.4 ay – 195.25 az
(c) Q=?
V = 10-12m3
Dx = (8xyz4)
x x
= (8yz4) x = 2 ,y = -1 , z = 3
= 8(-1)(81)
= -648
Dy = (4x2z2) = 0
y y
Dz = (16x2yz3) = -1728

z z
Q = Dx + Dy + Dz  V

x y z
= ( -648 – 1728 ) 10-12  10-12m3 ( p = 10-12 )
= - 2.38 -21 c ANSWER
D3.8 .Determine an expression for the volume charge density associated witheach D field: (a) D
=4xy/z ax + 2x2/z ay −2x2 y/z2 az
Solution:
D = 4xy/z ax + 2x2/z ay −2x2 y/z2 az
divD =  (4xyz-1) +  (2x2z-1) -  (2x2yz-2)

x y z
-1 2 -3
= 4yz + 0 -2(-2)(x yz )
= 4y + 4 x2y
z z3
= 4yz2 + 4x2y
z3
= 4y (x + z2)
2
z3
D4.1. Given the electric field E =1/z2 (8xyzax +4x2zay −4x2 yaz ) V/m, find the differential amount of
work done in moving a 6-nC charge a distance of 2 m, starting at P(2,−2, 3) and proceeding in the
direction aL = (a) −6/7ax + 3/7ay + 2/7az; (b) 67ax − 37
ay − 27az; (c) 37ax + 67ay .
Solution:
E = 1 z2 (8xyzax +4x2zay −4x2 yaz ) v/m
dL = 2m Q = 6-nc P(2,−2, 3)
(a) aL = −6/7ax + 3/7ay + 2/7az
dL = aL . dL
= 2m (−6/7ax + 3/7ay + 2/7az )
= 2 10-6m (−6/7ax + 3/7ay + 2/7az )
Q = -QE.dL
Q = (-6 10-9) 1 z28xyzax + 4x2zay – 4x2 yaz .dL
= -6 10-9 210-61 z28xyzax + 4x2zay – 4x2 yaz .−6/7ax + 3/7ay + 2/7az 
= -1210-151 z2(8xyz)(-6/7) + (4x2z )(3/7)– (4x2 y)(2/7) 
= -1210-151 z2-48/7xyz + 12/7x2z – 8/7x2 y 
Putting values x = 2 , y = -2 and z = 3
= -1210-151 (3)2(-48/7)(2)(-2)(3)+ (12/7)(2)2(3) – (8/7)(2)2(-2)
= -1210-1519[ 576/7 + 144/7 + 64/7 ]
= -410-1513 [576+144+64]
7
= -4/3 10 [ 112 ]
-15
= -448/3  10-15
= -149.3  10-15
= -149.3 fJ
(b) E = 1 z2 (8xyzax +4x2zay −4x2 yaz ) v/m
dL = 2m Q = 6-nc P(2,−2, 3)
aL = 6/7ax - 3/7ay - 2/7az
dL = aL . dL
= 2m (6/7ax - 3/7ay - 2/7az )
= 2 10-6m (6/7ax - 3/7ay - 2/7az )
Q = -QE.dL
= -6 10-9 210-61 z28xyzax + 4x2zay – 4x2 yaz .6/7ax - 3/7ay - 2/7az 
= -1210-151 z2(8xyz)(6/7) + (4x2z )(-3/7)– (4x2 y)(-2/7) 
= -1210-151 z248/7xyz - 12/7x2z + 8/7x2 y 
= -1210-151 (3)2(48/7)(2)(-2)(3)+ (-12/7)(2)2(3) + (8/7)(2)2(-2)
= -1210-1519[ -576/7 - 144/7 - 64/7 ]

= -410-1513 [-576-144-64]
7
= -4/3 10 [ -112 ]
-15
= 448/3  10-15
= 149.3  10-15
= 149.3 fJ
(c) E = 1 z2 (8xyzax +4x2zay −4x2 yaz ) v/m
dL = 2m Q = 6-nc P(2,−2, 3)
aL = 3/7ax + 6/7ay
dL = aL . dL
= 2m (3/7ax + 6/7ay )
= 2 10-6m (3/7ax + 6/7ay + )
Q = -QE.dL
= -6 10-9 210-61 z28xyzax + 4x2zay – 4x2 yaz .3/7ax + 6/7ay 

= -1210-151 z2(8xyz)(3/7) + (4x2z )(6/7)
= -1210-151 z224/7xyz + 24/7x2z 
= -1210-151 (3)2(24/7)(2)(-2)(3)+ (24/7)(2)2(3)
= -1210-1519[ -288/7 + 288/7 ]
= -410-1513 [-288+288 ]
7
= -4/3 10-15 [ 0 ]
= 0 J ANSWER
D4.2. Calculate the work done in moving a 4-C charge from B(1, 0, 0) to A(0, 2, 0) along the path y = 2
− 2x, z = 0 in the field E = (a) 5axV/m; (b) 5xaxV/m; (c) 5xax + 5yayV/m.
Solution :
( a) Q = 4C A(0, 2, 0) B(1, 0, 0) Path y = 2- 2x z=0
E = 5 ax v/m
A
W = -Q  E.dL
B
A

W = -4  5.dx
B
Where dL = dxax+dyay+dzaz
A
= -20X
B
= -20 (0-1)
= 20 j
(b) Q = 4C A(0, 2, 0) B(1, 0, 0) Path y = 2- 2x z=0
E = 5x ax v/m
A
W = -Q  E.dL
B
A
W = -45x.dx
B
A
2
= -20X /2
B
= -10 (0-1)
= 10 j
(c) E = 5xax + 5yay

A
W = -Q E.dL
B
A
W = -4  (5xax + 5yay).dx
B
A
= -20 x2/2 + y2/2
B
= -10 ( (0-1)+(4-0) )
= -10(-1+4)
= -30 joules ANSWER
D4.3. We will see later that a time-varying E field need not be conservative. (If it is not conservative,
the work expressed by Eq. (3) may be a function of the path used.) Let E = yaxV/m at a certain instant of
time, and calculate the work required to move a 3-C charge from (1, 3, 5) to (2, 0, 3) along the straight-
line segments joining: (a) (1, 3, 5) to (2, 3, 5) to (2, 0, 5) to (2, 0, 3); (b) (1, 3, 5) to (1, 3, 3) to (1, 0, 3) to
(2, 0, 3).
Solution:
(a) E =yax Q = 3-C
A
W = -QE.dL
B
(2,3,5) (2,0,5) (2,0,3)
W = -3 E.dL + E.dL + E.dL
(1,3,5) (2,3,5) (2,0,5)
Where E.dL = ( yax ) .( dxax+dyay+dzaz)
= ydx
W = -3  ydx + ydx + ydx

A1 A2 A3
As X is only varing in the case of A1 so dx = 0 for A2 , A3
W = -3  ydx as y is a constant for A1 so y = 3
A1
= -3  (3)dx
A1
= -9 x
A1
= -9(2-1)
= -9 Joules
(b) (1,3,3) (1,0,3) (2,0,3)
W = -3 E.dL + E.dL + E.dL

(1,3,5) (1,3,3) (1,0,3)
Where E.dL = ydx
As dx  0 for the third integral only; so the first two integrals are zero.
(2,0,3)
So w = -3 ydx ( y = constant = 0 )
(1,0,3)
= -9(0)dx
= 0 Joules ANSWER
D4.4. An electric field is expressed in rectangular coordinates byE =6x2ax+ 6yay

+4azV/m. Find: (a) VMN if points M and N are specified by M(2, 6,−1) and N(−3,−3, 2);
(b) VM if V = 0 at Q(4,−2,−35); (c) VN if V = 2 at P(1, 2,−4).
Solution :
(a) E = 6x2ax+ 6yay +4az V/m
M = (2, 6,−1) , N = (−3,−3, 2)
A
V = -  E.dL
B

(2,6,-1)
= - 6x2dx+ 6ydy +4dz
(-3,3,2)
(2,6,-1)
= - (2x3 +3y2 + 4z )
(-3,3,2)
= - (2(23 – (-3)3) +3(62 –(-3)2) + 4(-1-2)

= - ( 70 +81 -12 )
= -139 V
(b) VMQ = VM - VQ
VM = VMQ + VQ
So finding VMQ
M
VMQ = -  E.dL
Q
M
= -  6x2dx+ 6ydy +4dz

Q
(2,6,-1)
= - (2x3 +3y2 + 4z )
(4,-2,-35)
= - (2(23
– (4)3)
+3(62 –(-2)2) + 4(-1+35)
= - ( -112 +96 +136 )
= -120 V
But given that VQ = 0
VM = VMQ = -120V
(c) VNP = VN - VP
VN = VNP + VP
VN = VNP + 2 ( VP = 2 )
So finding VNP
N
VNP = -  E.dL
P
M
= -  6x2dx+ 6ydy +4dz

Q
(-3,3,2)
= - (2x3 +3y2 + 4z )
(1,2,-4)
= - (2(-3)3
–1) +3(32 - 22) + 4(2+4)
= - ( -56 +15 +24 )

= 17V
But given that VP = 2
VN = 17 + 2= 19 Volts ANSWER
D4.5. A 15-nC point charge is at the origin in free space. Calculate V1 if pointP1 is located at
P1(−2, 3,−1) and (a) V = 0 at Q (6, 5, 4); (b) V = 0 at infinity;(c) V = 5 V at (2, 0, 4).
Solution:
(a) Q = 15-nc at origin P1 = (−2, 3,−1)
V = 0 at Q (6, 5, 4)
As we know
VAB = Q/40 [ 1/rA - 1/rB ]
Is the voltage of point A with reference to point B
rA =  22 + 32 + 1 =  14
rB =  62 + 52 + 42 =  77
VAB = 15 10-9/40 [ 1/ 14 - 1/ 14 ]
VAB = 20.67 V
VAB = VA - VB
VPQ = VP - VQ (VB = VQ = 0)
So VPQ = VP = 20.67 V
(b) Q = 15-nc at origin P1 = (−2, 3,−1)
V = 0 at infinty
As we know
VPQ = Q/40 [ 1/rA - 1/rB ]
rA =  22 + 32 + 1 =  14
rB = 

VPQ = 15 10-9/40 [ 1/ 14 - 1/ ]
VPQ = 36 V
(b) Q = 15-nc at origin P1 = (−2, 3,−1)
VQ = 5V at Q(2, 0, 4)
As we know
VPQ = Q/40 [ 1/rA - 1/rB ]
rA =  14
rB =  22 + 42 =  20
VPQ = 15 10-9/40 [ 1/ 14 - 1/ 20 ]
VPQ = 5.885 V
VPQ = VP - VQ ( VQ = 5 )
So VP = VPQ + VQ = 5.85 V + 5V = 10.885 V ANSWER
D4.6. If we take the zero reference for potential at infinity, find the potential at (0, 0, 2) caused by this
charge configuration in free space (a) 12 nC/m on the line ρ = 2.5 m, z = 0; (b) point charge of 18 nC at
(1, 2,−1); (c) 12 nC/m on the line y = 2.5, z = 0, −1.0 < x < 1.0.
Solution:
(a) Reference infinity

P(0, 0, 2)
L = 12 nc/m
 = 2.5m ; z = 0
P(0, 0, 2)
r =  2 + z2
 = 2.5m

2
V = L dL
0 40 r
2
V = L (dap +da + dzaz)
0 40 r
As  = 2.5 = constant d = 0
As z = 0 = constant dz = 0
So we have
2
V = L d
0 40 r
2
V = 1210-9 (2.5) d ( r = 2.52 + 22 = 3.2 )
0 40 (3.2)
2
V = 84.25  d
0
2
V = 84.25 (  )
0
= 84.25  2
= 529.41 volts P
( b) Point charge Q = 18 nC at Q(1,2,-1)
r
V = Q E
40 r
Where r = Q - P
= 1,2,-3 Q
 r  =  12 +22 +(-3)2
=  14
V = 1810-9 = 43.25 volts
40  14

(c) P(0,0,2)
r
y = 2.5
V = L
20 r
( r = 2.52 + 22 = 3.2 )
V = 12 10-9
20 (3.2)
= 67.4 volts ANSWER
D4.7. A portion of a two-dimensional (Ez = 0) potential field is shown in Figure 4.7. The grid
lines are 1 mm apart in the actual field. Determine approximate values for E in rectangular
coordinates at: (a) a; (b) b; (c) c.
Solution:
Each grid line = 1mm
(a) for ‘a’
V = 106 -104 = 2 v
L = 2 grid = 2mm
vL = 1000 v/m
But E = - vL = - 1000 v/m
(b) 108
r
106 y
x
V = 108 -106 = 2 v
Infigure x  1.5 grid = 1.5 mm
y  1.9 grid = 1.9 mm
r =  x2 + y2
r = 1.52 + 1.92 = 2.42
Vx  0.9 Vy  1.3
Vx /x = 0.9/1.5 = 600
Vy/y = 1.3/1.9 = 684
E = - (Vx /x )ax - (Vy/y )ay

= -600 ax – 684 ay
(c) same as part (b)
D4.8. Given the potential field in cylindrical coordinates, V = 100(ρ cos φV)/ z2 +
1 and point P at ρ = 3 m, φ = 600, z = 2 m, find values at P for (a) V; (b) E; (c) E;
(d) dV/dN; (e) aN; ( f ) ρν in free space.
Solution:
V = 100(ρ cos φV)/ z2 + 1
P ( ρ = 3 , φ = 600 , z = 2)
(a) using values of p

V = 100(3 cos 600)/ 22 + 1 = 30 volts
(b) E = - V
E = - v . a + v . a + v . az
  z
= - 100 ρ cos φ a - 100 ρ sin φ a - 1  2z  ρ cos φ  100az

z2 + 1 z2 + 1 ( z2 + 1 )2
= - [ 10 a - 17.32 a - 24 az ]
= 10 a + 17.32 a + 24 az
(c) E =  102 + 17.322 + 242
= 31.24 v/m
(d) dV = dV
dN dL max
dV = V = 31.2 v/m
dN
(e) E = - dV .aN
dN
aN = - dN (E)
dV
= 0.32 a - 0.55 a + 0.77 az
(f) V =  . D
= 0 .E
= 234 pc/m3 ANSWER
D4.9. An electric dipole located at the origin in free space has a moment
p = 3ax − 2ay + az nC ・ m. (a) Find V at PA(2, 3, 4). (b) Find V at r = 2.5,
θ = 30◦, φ = 40◦.
Solution:
P = 3ax − 2ay + az nC
(a) V at PA(2, 3, 4)
V = P . ar ( r =  22 + 32 + 42 =  29 )
40 r2
V = 3ax − 2ay + az  3ax − 2ay + az n

40 (29)  29
V= (6 – 6+ 4)  10-9 n
40 (29) 29
V= 0.23 volts
( b) converting P into spherical coordinates
P.ar = 3ax . ar − 2ay. ar + az. ar
= 3sincos - 2 sinsin + cos
= 1.372
Now using
V = P . ar
40 r2
V = 1.372  10-9
40 (2.5)2
= 1.973 volts ANSWER
D4.10. A dipole of moment p = 6az nC ・ m is located at the origin in free space. (a) Find V at P(r = 4,
θ = 20◦, φ = 0◦). (b) Find E at P.
Solution:
P = 6az nC
(a) ◦ ◦
V at P(r = 4, θ = 20 , φ = 0 )
As V = P . ar
40 r2
P.ar = 6 az. ar = 6 cos = 5.638 10-9

V = 5.638 10-9
40 42
= 3.167 volts
(b) E = - V
where
V = 6 cos  10-9
40 r2
V = 6 cos  10-9 (-2r-3)ar + - 6 sin a
40 40 r3
= -1.58 ar + 0.29 a ANSWER
D5.1. Given the vector current density J = 10ρ2zaρ − 4ρ cos2 φ aφ mA/m2: (a) find
the current density at P(ρ = 3, φ = 30◦, z = 2); (b) determine the total current
flowing outward through the circular band ρ = 3, 0 < φ < 2π, 2 < z < 2.8.
Solution:
(a) current density at P is given by
J(p) = 10(3)2(2)ap -4(3)cos2300a

= 180 ap – 12(0.866)2a
= 180 ap – 8.99 a mA/m2
(b) I =  J.ds
s
=  (10p2zap – 4pcos2a).Pddzap
s
= 10p2zap .Pddzap
s
= 10p3zap .ddzap
s
2 2.8
= 10p3 d zdz (ap. ap = 1)
0 2
2 2.8
= 10(3)3 . . z2/2
0 2
= 270(2 - 0) .1/2(2.82 – 22)
= 270(3.14)(3.84)
= 3255.5 mA
= 3.25 A ANSWER
D5.2. Current density is given in cylindrical coordinates as J = −106z1.5az

A/m2 in the region 0 ≤ ρ ≤ 20μm; for ρ ≥ 20μm, J = 0. (a) Find the total
current crossing the surface z = 0.1 m in the az direction. (b) If the charge
velocity is 2 × 106 m/s at z = 0.1 m, find ρν there. (c) If the volume charge
density at z = 0.15 m is −2000 C/m3, find the charge velocity there.
Solution:
(a) I = J.ds
s
= ( -106z1.5az).Pddza
s
20 2
= -106 z1.5 Pdp d
0 0
20 2
= -106 (0.1)1.5 P2/2 .
0 0
= - 10-6(0.0316). ½(202 – 02).(2 - 0)
= - 10-6(0.0316).(400).() m2
= - 10-6(0.0316).(400).(3.14)  10-6  10-6
= -39.7 A
(b) J = v  V
v = J / V
= - 106 z1.5 az
2 106
= - 106 (0.1)1.5 az
2 106
= -(0.0316)
2
= - 0.0158 c/m3
= - 15.8 mc/m3
(c) J = v  V
V = J /v
= - 106 (0.15)1.5 az
- 2000
= 106 (0.058)
2103
= 103 (0.058)
2
= 58
2
= 29m/s ANSWER
D5.3. Find the magnitude of the current density in a sample of silver for which σ = 6.17 × 107 S/m and
μe = 0.0056m2/V ・ s if (a) the drift velocity is 1.5μm/s ; (b) the electric field intensity is 1 mV/m; (c) the
sample is a cube 2.5 mm on a side having a voltage of 0.4 mV between opposite faces; (d) the sample is a
cube 2.5 mm on a side carrying a total current of 0.5 A.
Solution:
(a) J = e . Vd
J =  /e
= ( 6.17  107)(1.5 10-6m/s)

0.0056
= (6.17)(1.5)(101)(104)
56
= 0.1652  105
= 16.52  103
= 16.52 kA/m2
(b) J = E
= (6.17  107)(1m v/m)
= 6.17  107s/m . 1 10-3 v/m
= 6.17  104A/m2
= 6.1710103A/m2
= 61.7103A/m2
= 61.7 kA/m2
(c) J = E
=  V/L
= ( 6.17  107)(0.4mv)
2.5mm
= ( 6.17  107)(0.4v)
2.5m
= ( 2.468  107
2.5
= 0.9872107
= 9.87210-1107
= 9.9 M A/m2
(d) J = I/S
= 0.5
(2.5mm)2
= 0.5
(2.510-3m)2
= 0.5
2.52.510-310-3
= 2.5 106
6.25
= 0.08106 A/m2
= 80103 A/m2
= 80 k A/m2 ANSWER
D5.4. A copper conductor has a diameter of 0.6 in. and it is 1200 ft long. Assume that it carries a total
dc current of 50 A. (a) Find the total resistance of the conductor. (b) What current density exists in it? (c)
What is the dc voltage between the conductor ends? (d) How much power is dissipated in the wire?
Solution:
(a) Diameter d = 0.6’’ 1 foot = 12’’
= 0.6’/12 = 0.05’ 1 meter = 3.28’
= 0.05/3.28 = 0.015m
Radius = 0.015/2 = 7.510-3m
Length L = 1200ft
= 1200/3.28 = 365.68m
Now Area = S =  r2
= (3.14)(7.510-3)2
= 1.7610-4m2
R = L / S
= 365.8
(5.8107)(1.7610-4)
R = 0.035
(b) J = I/S
= 50A
1.710-4
= 2.84105 A/m2
(c) V = IR
= 50 A  0.035
= 1.75 volts
(d) P = V I
= (1.75v)(50A)
= 87.5 w ANSWER
Drill 8.1:
(a)  H2 = I1L1×aR12
4R212
Here, aR12 = (4−0)ax+(2−0)ay+(0− p 2)az 42+22+22 = 0.816ax + 0.408ay − 0.408az
R212 = 42 + 22 + 22 = 24
so,  H2 = I1L1×aR 12
4R212
= 2az×(0.816ax+0.408ay−0.408az) μ
301.59
= 5.12ay−2.56ax μ
301.59
= −8.5ax + 17.0ay nA/m
(b) As,  H2 = I1L1×aR12
4R212
Here, aR12 = (4−0)axp+(2−2)ay+(3−0)az 42+02+32 = 0.8ax + 0.6az

R212 = 42 + 02 + 32 = 25
so,  H2 = I1L1×aR 12
4R212
= 2az×(0.8ax+0.6az) μ
100
= 5.02ay μ
100
= 16ay nA/m
(c) As  H2 = I1L1×aR12
4R212
Here, aR12 = (−3−1)axp+(−1−2)ay+(2−3)az 42+32+12 = −0.78ax − 0.58az − 0.19az

R212 = 42 + 32 + 12 = 26
so,  H2 = I1L1×aR 12
4R212
= 2(−ax+ay+2az)×(−0.78ax−0.58az−0.19az) μ
104
= (1.96 ax−3.53 ay+2.74 az) μ
104
H2 = 18.85 ax − 33.94 ay + 26.40 az nA/m
Drill 8.2:
SOLUTION:
H2 = I a
2 _____
(a) For PA(p20, 0, 4), we have  = 20 + 0 = 4.47, so:
H2 = 15 a
2(4.47)
= 0 .533a
= (0 .533 − sin )ax + (0 .533cos )ay, where
= tan−1 ( y/x)
= tan−1(0/20)
= 0o, so
H2 = 0.533ay A/m ________________
(b) For PB(2, −4, 4), we have  = 22 + 42 = 4.47, so:
H2 = 15 a
2(4.47)
= 0 .533 a
= (0 .533 − sin)ax + (0 .533cos)ay, where
= tan−1 ( y/x)
= tan−1(−4/2)
= −63.43o, so
H2 = (0 .5330.89)ax + (0 .5330.44)ay = 0.474ax + 0.238ay
DRILL 8.3:
SOLUTION:
(a)
For infinitely long filament;

H = I a
2
Here, ___________
 = (0.1)2 + (0.1)2
= 2/10
H= I a
2
= (2.5) a
2(2/10 )
= 2.8134 a
= (2 .8134× − sin )ax + (2 .8134cos )ay
Now,  = 270o − 
= 270o − tan−1 (0.1/0.1)
= 270o − 45o = 225o
so, H = (2 .81340.707)ax + (2 .8134 − 0.707)ay= 1.989ax − 1.989ay A/m
(b)
H= I a
2 a2
= (2.5)(0.2) a
2(0.3)2
= 0.884 a
= (0 .884  − sin )ax + (0 .884cos )ay
Now,  = tan−1 (y/x)
= tan−1 ( 0.2/0)
= 90o
so, H = −0.884ax A/m
(c)
Now,
H1 = 1/2K1 × aN = 1/2(2.7)ax × ay = 1.35az
H2 = 1/2K2 × aN = 1/2(−1.4)ax × ay = −0.7az
H3 = 1/2K3 × aN = 1/2(−1.3)ax × −ay = 0.65az
so, H = H1 +H2 +H3 = 1.300az A/m
DRILL 9.1
SOLUTION:
a) F =qvb
= 1810-9[(5106)(0.60ax+0.75ay+0.30az)(-3ax+4ay+6az)]

= 9010-6[(0.60ax+0.75ay+0.30az)(-3ax+4ay+6az)]
= 9010-6 ax ay az
0.60 0.75 0.30
-3 4 6
= 9010-6 [ax(4.5-1.2)-ay(3.6+0.9)az(2.4+2.25)]
= 9010-6 [3.3ax-4.5ay+4.65az]
= 9010-6 10.89+20.25+21.62
= 9010-6  52.76
= 9010-6 (7.26)
= 653.67N
b) F = QE
= 1810-9(-3ax+4ay+6az)103
= 1810-9+3(-3ax+4ay+6az)
= 1810-69+16+36
= 1810-6 61
= 1810-6(7.81)
= 140.58N
c) F = Q(E+VB)
= 1810-9[(-3ax+4ay+6az)103+5106(0.60ax+0.75ay+0.30az)(-3ax+4ay+6az)
= 1810-9[(-3ax+4ay+6az)103+5103 (3.3ax-4.5ay+4.65az)]
= 1810-9+3[(-3ax+4ay+6az)+5 (3.3ax-4.5ay+4.65az)]
= 1810-6[(-3ax+4ay+6az)+(16.5ax-22.5ay+23.25az)]
= 1810-6[(13.5ax-18.5ay+29.5az)
= 1810-6182.25+342.25+855.56
= 1810-6138.0625

= 1810-6(37.149)
= 668N
DRILL 9.2
SOLUTION:
a) B =-2ax +3ay+4az
A(1,1,1) B(2,1,1)
RAB = (2,1,1)- (1,1,1)
= (1,0,0)
RAB = 1
aAB = RAB RAB
= 1ax
F = -I BdL
= -12 (-2ax+3ay+4az)10-3(axdx)
= -12 [-2(ax.ax)+3(ay.ax)+4(az.ax)]10-3dx)
= -12 (0-3az+4ay)10-3dx
= -12 10-3[-3az(2-1)+4ay(2-1)]
= -12 10-3[-3az+4ay]
= (-48ay+36az)10-3
= -48ay+36az mN
b) B =-2ax +3ay+4az
A(1,1,1) B(3,5,6)
RAB = (2,1,1)- (1,1,1)
= (2,4,5)
RAB = 45 or 6.7

aAB = RAB RAB
= 0.3ax+0.6ay+0.7az
F = -I BdL
= -12 (-2ax+3ay+4az)10-3(axdx+aydy+azdz)
3 5 6
= -12 10-3 (-2ax+3ay+4az)axdx + (-2ax+3ay+4az)aydy (-2ax+3ay+4az)azdz
1 1 1
3 5 6
= -12 10-3 [ (-3ax+4ay)dx + (-2az-4ax)dy + (2ay+3ax)dz ]
1 1
= -12 10-3 [ 2 (-3ax+4ay)+ 4 (-2az-4ax) + 5 (2ay+3ax) ]
=12ax-216ay+168az mN
DRILL 9.4
SOLUTION:
a) d(dF2) = 0 I1I2 dL2  (dL1 aR12)
4 R212
= 0 310-6 310-6 (-0.5ax+0.4ay+0.3az) ay (ax+2ay+2az)
4 (1 +2 +2 )
2 2 2
3
= 3.3310-20 (-0.5ax+0.4ay+0.3az)(-az+2ax)
= 3.3310-20 (-0.4ax+0.1ay-0.8az)
=-1.33ax+0.33ay-2.66az (10-20 )N
b) d(dF2) = 0 I1I2 dL2  (dL2 aR21)

4R221
= 0 310-6 310-6 (-0.5ax+0.4ay+0.3az) ay (-ax-2ay-2az)
4( 1 +2 +2 )
2 2 2
3
= 3.3310 (-0.2ax-1.3ay+1.4az)(ay)
-20
= 3.3310-20 (0.2az+1.4ax)
=4.67ax+0.66az (10-20 )N
DRILL 10.1:
SOLUTION:
Given:
 = 10−11 F/m
μ = 10−5 H/m
B = 2 × 10−4cos105t sin10−3y ax T
(a) B = μH, so
×B =  E
μ t
and
 × B = Bx ay - Bx az
z y
=0− Bx az
y
= 2 × 10−7cos105t cos10−3y
E=1   Bdt
μ
= −2 × 104sin105t cos10−3y axV/m
(b)  = B.dS
s
= Bxdydz
s
40 2
=  Bx  dydz
0 0
2 40
= 2 × 10−7cos(105 × 10−6)( z| ) (−cos(10−3y)|
0 10−3 0
= 0.318mWb
(Remember to use radian mode in calculator while solving this problem)
DRILL 12.3:
SOLUTION:
β = ω’
= ωμ0’r
= ω’r
c
2π ×9.37 1092.26 = 295 rad/m

3.0 × 108
Using this result, we can determine the wavelength and phase velocity:
λ = 2π/β
= 2π/295
= 2.13 cm
νp =ω/β
= 2π ×9.37 109 / 295
= 1.99 ×108 m/s
η = η0 ’r
= 377/2.26 = 251
Ex = 500 cos(2π9.37109t − .19z) V/m
Hy = Ex/η

= 500 cos(2π9.37109t − .19z) V/m
251
= 1.99 A/m

D1.1 Given Points M (-1,2,1), N (3,-3,0) and P (-2,-3,-4), Find (A) R (B) R + R (C) - R - (D) A (E) - 2 - 3 - Solution

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D1.1 Given Points M (-1,2,1), N (3,-3,0) and P (-2,-3,-4), Find (A) R (B) R + R (C) - R - (D) A (E) - 2 - 3 - Solution

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D1.

1 Given points M(-1,2,1),N(3,-3,0) and P(-2,-3,-4),find (a) RMN

D1.2. A vector field S is expressed in rectangular coordinates as S = {125/[(x

(b) RAC =rC -rA

  BAC  cos 1 (0.594)

 5.963a x  1.319a y  1.979a z

= ax(4x3 -2(-6))-ay(-8x3 –(-6)(-9))+az(2(-3)-4(-9))

=1/2(24)2 + (-78)2 + (20)2 B C

point D(x =−3.1, y = 2.6, z = −3) RCD = rD - rC

FZ= F.az = (10ax−8ay+6az).az

│RCD│ =6.289  6.29 ANSWER

= ( -20 10-6)(5010-6)( 11ax+4ay -9az )/4(10-9/36)│14.7│3

= ( -20 10-6)(5010-6)( 11ax+4ay -9az )/48.8510-12│14.7│3

ROA = (0-(25))ax +(0-(-30))ay +(0-15)az cm

ROB = (0-(-10))ax +(0-8)ay +(0-12)az cm

∑5𝑚=0 1 + (−1)m/m2+1 = 2+0+2/5+0+2/17+0 = 2.52

Professor Aatif Saeed Preston University Islamabad Page 9

(a) E(PA) = PLx .apx + PLy .apy

Professor Aatif Saeed Preston University Islamabad Page 10

(i) Electric field due to 3 nC/m2 : E1 = s aN = 3 10-9 aZ = 169.5 aZ

According to direction of point relative to normal

(a) E = - E1 – E2 – E3 = -56.6 az v/m

(B) E = + E1 – E2 – E3 = 283 az v/m

(c) E = + E1 + E2 – E3 = 961 az v/m

(d) E = + E1 + E2 + E3 = 56.6 az v/m

(a) E = ( -8x/y )ax + ( 4x2/y2 )ay P (1,4,-2 )

dy/dx = ( -8x/y ) ( 4x2/y2 )

(b) dy/dx = Ey /Ex

RPQ = (2 - (-2) ) ax + (-3 - 3) ay + (6 - (-6) ) az = 4ax - 6ay + 12az

│RPQ│ =  (4)2 + (-6)2 + (12)2

= 6:38ax – 9.57ay + 19.14az Cm2

D = -212ay + 424az Cm2

(a) E =? at point P(r = 2, = 250 ,  = 900)

= (0.3 r2arnCm2) 8.85 10-12Fm

= (0.3 22arnCm2) 8.85 10-12Fm

(b) Q = ? for a sphere of radius r=3

= 0.1C (105.40) = 10.54C ANSWER

Professor Aatif Saeed Preston University Islamabad Page 14

= -28.29 arC ANSWER

a)  = ∮ 𝐷. 𝑑𝑠 (8xyz4ax + 4x2z4ay + 16x2yz3az)dxdydz

 =  (8xyz4ax + 4x2z4ay + 16x2yz3az)dxdydz

E = (8xyz4ax + 4x2z4ay + 16x2yz3az) 10-2

Dz = (16x2yz3) = -1728

Q = Dx + Dy + Dz  V

= ( -648 – 1728 ) 10-12  10-12m3 ( p = 10-12 )

= - 2.38 -21 c ANSWER

divD =  (4xyz-1) +  (2x2z-1) -  (2x2yz-2)

E = 1 z2 (8xyzax +4x2zay −4x2 yaz ) v/m

dL = 2m Q = 6-nc P(2,−2, 3)

(a) aL = −6/7ax + 3/7ay + 2/7az

= 2m (−6/7ax + 3/7ay + 2/7az )

= 2 10-6m (−6/7ax + 3/7ay + 2/7az )

= -1210-151 z2-48/7xyz + 12/7x2z – 8/7x2 y 

Putting values x = 2 , y = -2 and z = 3

= -1210-151 (3)2(-48/7)(2)(-2)(3)+ (12/7)(2)2(3) – (8/7)(2)2(-2)

= -1210-1519[ 576/7 + 144/7 + 64/7 ]

dL = 2m Q = 6-nc P(2,−2, 3)

aL = 6/7ax - 3/7ay - 2/7az

= 2m (6/7ax - 3/7ay - 2/7az )

= 2 10-6m (6/7ax - 3/7ay - 2/7az )

Q = (-6 10-9) 1 z28xyzax + 4x2zay – 4x2 yaz .dL

= -1210-151 z248/7xyz - 12/7x2z + 8/7x2 y 