2013 Sec 3 Physics Worksheet 8.

1
Lenses – Using phET simulation

Name: __Solutions__ ( ) Class: 3/ ___ Date: _________

Simulation
• Download or run on PC/laptop from: http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/geometric-optics

Instructions
1. On the top menu, select "Many rays".
2. The object is on the left side of the lens
3. Drag the object towards and away from the lens.
4. Observe the properties of the image on the right side of the lens.

u v

1 Light rays from the object are refracted when they passed through the lens. After
passing through the lens, the rays can be focused to form an image on a screen. We
describe this image as a …real… image.

2 The two "crosses" on the principal axis represent the …principal foci… of the lens.

3 Complete the table below to describe how the size and distance of the image from
the lens (v) change when the object moves nearer to or further from the lens.

Distance of object from Distance of image from

the lens Size of image the lens
(Object distance u) (Image distance v)
Object moves nearer to increases
the lens v …increases..
(u decreases)
Object moves further from decreases
the lens v ....decreases..
(u increases)

4 When the object is moved vertically upwards,

the image moves …vertically downwards….

2013 Sec 3 WS 8.1 1

5 Change the curvature radius, refractive index, and diameter of the lens by shifting
these knobs at the top of the webpage.

Complete the table below to describe the effect of these changes on the image.

Change in property Curvature radius Refractive index Diameter of lens

of the lens increases increases increases
(thinner lens)
size of image size of image image becomes
increases decreases brighter
Effect on the image

focal length focal length More light rays

increases, image decreases, image are deflected and
Brief explanation formed further formed nearer focused by the
away lens

6 Deduce the effect on the image if half the lens is covered.

Change in property top half of lens is covered bottom half of lens is covered
of the lens
image becomes dimmer image becomes dimmer

Effect on the image

2013 Sec 3 WS 8.1 2

 2013 Sec 3 Physics Worksheet 8.2
Lenses 1
Name: ___Solutions_______ ( ) Class: 3/ ___ Date: _________

1 Complete the following sentences with the words given in the box below:

focal plane, parallel, corresponding, undeviated, point, vice-versa, originate

Behaviour of Light Rays

(a) All incident rays (parallel) to the principal axis pass through the principal focus and
(vice-versa) after passing through a thin converging lens.
(b) All parallel incident rays meet on the (focal plane) after passing through a thin
converging lens.
(c) Incident rays passing through the centre of a lens go through (undeviated).

Formation of Images

(d) All incident rays coming from the same (point) of the object will meet at the
(corresponding) point of the real image after passing through a thin converging lens.
(e) All incident rays coming from the same point of the object will appear to
(originate) from the corresponding point when a virtual image is formed after passing
through a thin converging lens.

2 An object O is placed in front of a convex lens of focal length 15.0 cm. F represents the
principal focus. (Scale: 1.0 cm represents 5.0 cm).

For each case,

(i) Draw rays to locate the image and describe the image formed.
(ii) State the object distance u, image distance v and calculate the magnification m.

2013 Sec 3 WS 8.2 1

 (a) u<f

F O F

(i) Description of the image formed: upright, magnified, virtual

(ii) u = 6.0 cm v = 10.0 cm. m = 10.0 / 6.0 = 1.7

(b) u=f

O
F F

(i) Description of the image formed: real, inverted, magnified (if seen from the same side
as the object); Virtual, upright, magnified (if seen from the opposite side of the object)

(ii) u = 15.0 cm, v = + ∞ (if seen from the same side as the object); - ∞ (if seen from
opposite side as the object) , m = v/u = ∞

(c) f < u < 2f

2F O F F 2F

(i) Description of the image formed: inverted, magnified, real

(ii) u = 25.0 cm v = 37.5 cm m = 1.5

2013 Sec 3 WS 8.2 2
 (d) u = 2f

O
2F F F 2F

(i) Description of the image formed: inverted, same size, real

(ii) u = 30.0 cm v = 30.0 cm m = .1.0

(e) u > 2f

O 2F F F 2F

(i) Description of the image formed: inverted, diminished, real

(ii) u = 40.0 cm v = 24.0 cm m = 24.0/40.0 = 0.60

(f) u = ∞

2F F 2F

(i) Description of the image formed: inverted, diminished and real

(ii) u = ∞ (infinity) v = 15.0 cm m = v/u = 0

2013 Sec 3 WS 8.2 3

3 Complete the table of information for the six cases of converging lens.

Size of image
Object Image Orientation Nature of
Case relative to the Application
distance u distance v of image image
object
Magnifying
(a) u<f >f upright virtual Magnified
glass
upright; virtual Telescope
(b) u=f ∞ Magnified
inverted real Spotlight;
(c) f <u<2f > 2f Inverted Real Magnified Projector
(d) u=2f 2f Inverted Real Same size Photocopier
(e) u>2f f < v < 2f Inverted Real Diminished Camera
(f) u = infinity f Inverted Real Diminished Telescope

Tip:
• Cases (a), (c), (d) and (e) have common applications.
• Note the similarities of cases (c), (d) and (e)!

The End

2013 Sec 3 WS 8.2 4

 2013 Sec 3 Physics Worksheet 8.3
Lenses 2
Name: ____________________ ( ) Class: 3/ ___ Date: _________

1 F is the principal focus of a convex lens. Complete the paths of the light rays after they
passed through the convex lens in each of the diagrams.

(a) (b)

F F F F

(c) (d)

F F F F

(e)

F F

2013 Sec 3 WS 8.3 1

2 An object ABC is placed in front of a convex lens with principal focus F. Draw rays to locate
its image. Label the image A’B’C’.

Remind students to draw the

C centre of the lens as a
reference for where the rays
start to bend.
B

A’
F F

B’

Note that the image is not

exactly a straight line, though
the effect is not visible in this
case. (Lens equation is non-
linear. Refer to GSP file) C’

3 An object P of height 10.0 cm forms an image P’ when placed in front of a thin converging
lens as shown in the diagram below.

For changes (c), just

draw diagram

P
F
L
P’

(a) Draw a ray from P to locate the position of the lens, and label the position L.

(b) Draw a second ray from P to determine the focal length of the lens.

Focal length = 13.0 cm

(c) The object is then moved slightly further from the lens. State the change to the:

(i) image position nearer the lens

(ii) the image height decreases

2013 Sec 3 WS 8.3 2

4 Enrichment
(a) Explain why a person with perfect vision will have blurred vision under water.
The bending effect for light travelling from water into the eye is different from light travelling
from air into the eye. The rays of light no longer meet on the retina of the eye.

(b) State one way the person can overcome this handicap.
Person can wear goggles so that the light is still entering the eye from air.

(c) Explain why a person with a particular degree of short-sightedness will have perfect vision
under water.
People with short-sightedness have the light focused in front of the retina. The difference in
refractive indices between water and the eye being less than that between air and the eye,
will mean that the bending effect on the rays entering from water is weaker. So the rays
meet further away i.e. on the retina (for a particular degree of short-sightedness) and the
person sees a sharp image.

The End

2013 Sec 3 WS 8.3 3

 2013 Sec 3 Physics Worksheet 8.4
Lens Formulae (Optional)
Name: ____________________ ( ) Class: 3/ ___ Date: _________

NOTE
• Sign convention: Real is Positive
• All distances are measured from the optical centre.

F I

O F

f v

1 1 1 height of image v
= + m= =
f u v height of object u
Note:
- f is positive for converging lenses and negative for diverging lenses
- if image formed is on the same side as the object, v is negative

1 An object of height 8.0 cm is placed 80.0 cm from a convex lens of focal length 25.0 cm. Use
the lens and magnification equations, determine the image position and its height.

1/u + 1/80.0 = 1/25.0 u = 36.4 cm

m = v/u = 36.4/80.0 = 0.450

Therefore, image height = 0.450 x (object height)

= 3.6 cm

2013 Sec 3 WS 8.4 1

2 A typical single lens reflex (SLR) camera has a converging lens with a focal length of 50.0
mm. What is the position and size of the image of a 25.0 cm candle located 1.00 m from the
lens?

1/v + 1/1000 = 1/50

v = 52.6 mm (3 s.f.)

52.6/1000 = h/25.0
h = 1.32 cm (3 s.f.)

3 An object of height 25.0 cm that is placed in front of a converging lens of focal length of
22.0 cm forms a virtual image 50.0 cm away from the lens. Determine

(a) the position of the object,

1/22.0 = 1/u + (-1/50.0) u = 15.3 cm

(b) the height of the image formed.

50.0/15.3 = h/25.0 h = 81.7 cm

4 A converging lens with a focal length of 20.0 cm is used to create an image of the sun on a
paper screen.

How far from the lens must the paper be placed to produce a clear image? Explain with the
aid of a sketch of a ray diagram.

Lens should be 20.0 cm from the paper. Since the sun is very far away, the rays from the sun
are effectively parallel to each other. All parallel rays will meet on the focal plane.

F F

The End

2013 Sec 3 WS 8.4 2