ELECTIVES

1. What are the different steps of the scientific method? Describe how each is done.
a) Making observations. Using the senses, occurring phenomena can be describe and provide objective analysis.
This can be a good source of research problem.
b) Formulating questions. Asking questions based on observations which determine the usefulness of the data
gathered in the formulation of reliable answers.
c) Formulating hypothesis. The data gathered from the set of observations must be analyzed to enable to look
for an integral pattern and come up with a generalization. Based on generalization, a possible and reasonable
explanation for the question or problem called hypothesis can be formulated.
d) Testing hypothesis. Test hypothesis by collecting data through experimentation to test the validity of
hypothesis.
e) Observing and recording data. Regardless of the outcome of the experiment, everything should be recorded
accurately. Records may include notes, tabulations and graphs. These recorded facts are the data to be analyzed
and interpreted from which conclusions can be drawn.
f) Drawing conclusions. Conclusions must be entirely based on the results gathered from the experiment.
g) Accurately reporting research methods, results and conclusions. Publishing the results in scientific journals
is a must in any scientific research which may up-date other scientists on the recent findings and development in
a particular field and which may allow further studies on the said problem.

2. What makes experimentation different from other scientific investigations?

Ans. Experimentation is an orderly procedure carried out with the goal of verifying, refuting, or establishing the
validity of a hypothesis and it is just a part of scientific investigation, while scientific investigation refers to the
principles and empirical processes of discovery, generally involving the observation of phenomena, the
formulation of a hypothesis concerning the phenomena, experimentation to demonstrate the truth or falseness
of the hypothesis, and a conclusion that validates or modifies the hypothesis.

3. What are the factors that an investigation should always consider when he/she conducts a scientific
investigation?
Factors to be considered: Availability of resource materials like books, journals, etc., availability of laboratory
equipments, apparatuses and chemicals, research funds, time and resource persons and agencies involved in the
study.

4. What makes the Science Investigatory Project different from a true experimental research?
True experimental research is objective, systematic, controlled investigation to examine probability and
causality among selected variables for the purpose of predicting and controlling phenomena; the same as in
science investigatory project. The difference lies in the length of investigation. Science investigatory project
usually conducted 3 to 6 months while true experimental research is one or more years of experimentation.

5. What should a teacher consider when he/she utilizes the laboratory method as her strategy in teaching?
A teacher must conduct a pre-lab discussion where in laboratory procedures, identifying laboratory equipments,
materials and usage must be clearly discussed. Safety measures must not be neglected. Laboratory method
enhances understanding of different science concepts through actual experimentation and the end results are
viewed by the students.

6. What makes a lesson plan in Science distinct from the lessons in other subjects?
Science lesson plan entails lot of teaching strategies. In particular, discussion of science concepts and its
application through laboratory experiments, hands on, interviews and field trips.

7. What do you think is the reason why most students enjoy performing laboratory activities?
Students in nature is inquisitive, the need to discover and want answers to several questions or problem.
Through experimentation this needs are resolve and promotes better understanding of science concepts.

8. What are some factors that prevent teachers from applying the laboratory method in her development of her
lessons?
These factors are lack of laboratory room, equipments, tools and materials as well as the inability of the teacher
to improvise.

9. What should SIP teacher advisers and students consider in choosing a problem for investigation?
Simple, short, measurable, attainable, resource-based and time-bound and will contribute to the refinement of
certain important concepts, creation to the refinement of instruments and analytical system and will permit
generalizations, novel, of great interest to the researcher, relevant and useful to a specific group of people.
 10. Whenever possible, would you choose to use laboratory method in all your lessons in Science? Why or why
not?
Teaching science can be very interesting if a teacher uses different strategies in presenting different science
concepts; and each concept should be properly planned using different teaching strategies aside from lab expt.
Other concept needs indoor field trips like ecosystems or purely discussion of the topics. Variety in teaching
strategies provides better learning teaching experiences for both teacher and students.

11. If given a choice and with enough resources, in which field of Science would you like to focus in your
investigatory project?

Ecological science because the results will provide local communities with basic knowledge, skills and information on
the prevailing environmental problem and issues that may affect the ecological balance as well as the health of the
people living in the community. This will provide basic info for local barangay official on the promulgation and
enactment of laws towards control, preventive measures, restoration and preservation of the environment.

12. Give one title of a scientific investigation and describe its components in terms of the objectives, variables
considered, the materials and the procedure that you use to attain your objectives.

Title: The Feasibility of Oregano Leaf Extract as Mosquito Repellant

Objective:
To determine the feasibility of Oregano leaf extract as mosquito repellant

Variables:
Dependent Variable – Mosquito repelling property

Independent Variable – Oregano Leaf Extract

Materials: Dried Oregano, Bowl, Oregano Extract, Charcoal, Gum Arabic / Gum powder
Hot Water, Mortar and Pestle

Procedure: 1. Sundry the oregano for 1-2day/s.

2. After you sundry the oregano, pulverize it using a mortar and pestle.
3. Mix 20 grams of gum, 4 spoons of crushed charcoal, and 10 spoons of crushed dried oregano, then
add the oregano extract and add hot water to make paste like consistency and then mix thoroughly in a
bowl
4. Mold the mixed ingredients like a spiral shape then let it dry for a few days.