 Attempts to

combine valid insight of

bottom-up & top-down
models and tries to
avoid criticism against
each

INTERACTIVE
INTERACTIVE
TOP- DOWN BOTTOM- UP
 Knowledge is from text The main purpose is to  Focus on Phoenix
 Proceeds whole to part constructIVE
meaning  Proceeds part to whole
 Approach in opposite from texts and  Emphasizes single direction
direction encourage developing  Reading driven by text
 Interpretation based on various reading
prior knowledge strategies

TOP-DOWN:

 What does “hue” in the last line of the first stanza denote?
 What does “heart” in the first line denote?
 What does “winter and falls” mean in the last line of the fifth stanza?

BOTTOM-UP:

 Why does everyone want to be happy?

 How do friends make us happy?
 Why is living without a friend lonely?

INTERACTIVE:

 Why did the author say his life was changed by his friend? Did you experience the same thing? How?
 Why did the author say his life’s end is near? Are you afraid to die? Why?
 Why would the author love his friends even if he/she leaves him? Would you do the same, too?
Why?
