Question

Document
Examination
(QDE)

Francis Louie C. Peñones

BSCriminology 3A
 Forgery and Forged Documents

What is forgery and forged documents? Why are we using signature

instead of fingerprint? How forgery defined in documents? What are the
different types of forgery which are classified as per execution? What are
characteristics for making a false document? What are the different
characteristics of forged signature or handwriting to identify the forge
documents? Examining forged documents base on qualification and
expertise.

Forgery involves a false document, signature, or other imitation of an

object of value used with the intent to deceive another. According to Indian
Penal Code (IPC) under Section 464 which states that; making a false
document is said to be the person who make a false document or false
electronic record. First, who dishonestly or fraudulently makes signs, seals
or executes a document or part of a document. Second, makes or transmits
any electronic record or part of any electronic record. Third, affixes any
electronic signature on any electronic record and lastly, makes any mark
denoting the execution of a document or the authenticity of the electronic
signature. Signature is often use instead of fingerprint because anyone can
easily put someone’s fingerprint even if they are unconscious. Signature is
the most common use in forging documents because; it is also the most
common means of a person’s authentication. There are different types of
forgery. First is simulation. It involves the perpetrator’s use of a model of
the victim’s handwriting. Second is tracing, it is very crude method of
forging the signature or handwriting. Third is cut and paste forgery, a real
signature is cut from one report and set on the spurious record, then
photocopied. Fourth is electronic forgery, a perpetrator basically digitizes a
genuine signature by high resolution scanning, then embeds it into the
spurious archive and prints it. And lastly, freehand forgery the falsifier
essentially composes other’s name without making any effort to duplicate.
 Genuine signature is usually smooth, spontaneous and free flowing
with less focus on the movement and more on the content. It is difficult to
compose a signature hundred percent. Simulation and tracing are the
common types of forgery. Cut and paste forgery can be detected easily by
the handwriting expert. Electronic forgery is new to modern world. It is also
common in forged document and it should be encountered easily. The most
effortless kind of signature forgery is the freehand forgery. There are
general indications of non-genuineness that includes the following; blunt
beginnings and endings, unnatural pen lift, Forger’s tremor, speed and the
pressure, patching and carbon outlines and indentations. Document
specialist or forensic document examiner are the person who can detect if a
document or signature is being copied or forged.

Forgery is the one of the most common crime committed by a person,

due to lack of knowledge about that crime. Some doesn’t know/notice that
they already committed a crime by just using their signatures and some has
intention to deceive others.